Cronbach Alpha Formula Research Articles

The Association between breast cancer and some lifestyle factors among women in Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq: Case-Control study

A healthy lifestyle could contribute to decreasing breast cancer in women at high risk. This study was performed to find out the association between some lifestyle factors, and breast cancer among women in Sulaymaniyah city. A retrospective case-control study was carried out, from July 2019 to October 2019. Purposive sample 400 women attending Hiwa Hospital and Teaching Hospital were assigned to either the case or group. A questionnaire was constructed by the researcher to elicit detailed information related to study objectives. All subjects were completed as in-person interview techniques. The questionnaire is presented to a panel of 12 experts to check the validity. Internal consistency and reliability were measured by using Cronbach's alpha formula on the questionnaire list. Analyzing and interpreting data using the application of descriptive statistical analysis, inferential chi-square test. The results have revealed that there was a significant association between breast cancer and educational level, residence area, body mass index, abortion, hormonal contraception, long-duration contraception use above 6 years, benign breast disease. The study concludes that women with higher Body mass index riskier to breast cancer in their lives.

Relationship between Flexibility of Learning, Support Services and Students’ Attitude towards Distance Learning Programme in Nigeria

This study examined the relationship between flexibility of learning, support services and students’ attitude towards distance learning programme in Nigeria. Correlational research design was adopted and 385 participants constituted the sample of the study using a multi-stage sampling procedure. The instrument used for data collection was a researchers-designed questionnaire comprising of three sections. The questionnaire was validated by experts and administered once on the randomly selected sample to determine the internal consistency of the items. Cronbach Alpha formula yielded 0.74, 0.77 and 0.78 for the three different constructs of the questionnaire. Two research questions were raised and two corresponding null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Data gathered were analysed using Mean, Standard Deviation and Pearson Product Moment Correlation formula. The results obtained reveal a positive correlation between the flexibility of learning and students’ attitude towards distance learning programme (r=0.439, p<0.05). Also, there was a positive correlation between support services and students’ attitude towards distance learning programme (r=0.334, p<0.05). It was therefore recommended among others that providers of distance learning programmes should ensure high flexibility and quality learner support services in order to cater for academic needs of learners with different characteristics as these would enhance students’ positive attitude and improve the enrolment of candidates for distance learning programmes.

Relationship of Emotional Intelligence and Spiritual Intelligence Towards Educators Professionalism at SMP Negeri 34 Samarinda

This study aims to determine the relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence towards the educators’ professionalism at SMP Negeri 34 Samarinda. This type of research is a field research with a quantitative approach, the data collection techniques in this study are observations and questionnaires which are then analyzed using the Alpha Cronbach formula, this is because the type of correlation in this study is multiple correlation, so to obtain valid and reliable results the calculation uses the IMB SPSSP 20 with a significant level of 5%. The results found were the relationship between emotional intelligence and professionalism of educators at SMP Negeri 34 Samarinda was 0.750, and the relationship between spiritual intelligence and the professionalism of educators at SMP Negeri 34 Samarinda was 0.756, while the relationship between emotional intelligence and spiritual intelligence towards the professionalism of educators at SMP Negeri 34 Samarinda is 0.836. Thus all the existing variables are said to be related to one another.

Influence of Resilience on Survival of Small and Medium Enterprises

The study assessed the influence of resilience skill for the survival of SMEs in Edo State. Two research questions guided the study, while research question two was hypothesized and tested. 236 respondents were used using a proportionate sampling technique from a population of 1117 business owners. This is 23.63% of the population. A descriptive survey was used. A reliability coefficient of 0.77 was obtained with the use of Cronbach alpha formula. Data were obtained with the aid of a questionnaire. The research question was answered with mean, while t-test for the hypothesis. From the result, it was discovered that resilience skill influences SMEs survival. The two groups of entrepreneurs used for the study did not show any significant difference in possession of resilience skill for SMEs survival. It was concluded that resilience skill is needed by entrepreneurs to a high extent. It was also concluded that males do not differ significantly from female entrepreneurs in possessing resilience skill for SMEs survival. Consequently, it was recommended that appraisal of SMEs operations should be on a consistent basis to check for lapses, make improvement and increase customers’ goodwill, among others.

Implementasi Rally Coach Untuk Mengembangkan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Pada Pelajaran Matematika

Critical thinking skills need to be developed in learning activities because these skills are needed by students especially in solving problems both in everyday life and for the future. Based on research that has been done, students' critical thinking skills can be developed by implementing the rally coach learning model in mathematics learning activities. Rally coach is a cooperative learning model. From the research results obtained using descriptive research methods with a qualitative approach, students' critical thinking skills have increased significantly which indicates that the implementation of the rally coach learning model was declared successful. This study has been done using CAR (Class Action Research) method with 4 cycles. As part of the research, to find out an increase in accordance with expected, researchers designed a test instrument that has been tested for validity and reliability using the content validity ratio (CVR) method and the Cronbach Alpha formula. The results that have been obtained show in detail that the rally coach learning model provides an excellent contribution to improving students' critical thinking skills.

MISE-EN-PLACE AS A FOOD PREPARATION STRATEGY FOR WORKING CLASS HOMEMAKERS IN ABUJA FCT, NIGERIA

The main purpose of this study was to examine “mise-en-place” as a food preparation strategy among working class homemakers in Abuja (FCT). To guide the study, three research questions and three null hypotheses were formulated and tested at 5% probability level. The design of the study was descriptive survey. The study was carried out in Abuja (FCT) of Nigeria. The population for the study was 8,128 homemakers working in banks and lecturers of tertiary institutions. The sample size for the study was 426. Simple random sampling technique was used to select Eleven (11) types of banks and Eight (8) tertiary institutions located across the Six Local Government Councils that constitute the population of the study. Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling Technique was used to select 300 Bankers present in selected sampled Banks and 126 Lecturers of tertiary institutions located across the Six Local Government Councils that constitute the population of the study. A structured questionnaire titled =“questionnaire on mise-en-place as a food preparation strategy among working class homemakers” (QMWCH) was used for data collection. The questionnaire has two parts and five sections. Part I, sought information on the personal data of the respondents. Part 2: Section A, B, C, and D sought information on the four objectives of the study. Section A – B was structured on a four (4) point rating Scale of Very Great Extent (VGE), Great Extent (GE), Low Extent (LE) and Very Low Extent (VLE). VGE – 4 points, GE – 3, LE – 2, and VLE – 1. While, Section C – D was structured on a four (4) point rating Scale of Strongly Agree (SA), Agree (A), Disagree (D) and Strongly Disagree (SD). SA – 4 points, A – 3, D – 2, and SD – 1. Reliability of QMWCH was obtained using Cronbach alpha formula. The internal consistency was 0.85. The instrument was face validated by 2 experts from the Department of Home Economics and Hospitality Management Education, Faculty of Vocational and Technical Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka and one expert from the Department of Measurement and Evaluation, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. Mean and standard deviation was used to answer the research questions while, t– test was used to test the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings of the study revealed that 300 Bankers selected for the study utilize “mise-en-place” in food preparation on the Low Extent (LE), but for the 126 Lecturers, selected for the study, it was on a Great Extent (GE). Bankers and Lecturers adopt “mise-en-place” in the Serving of Food to Family Members to a Great Extent (GE). Meanwhile, Bankers and Lecturers Agreed on the twelve challenges involved in using “mise-en-place” as a food preparation strategy among working class homemakers. Working class homemakers working in Banks and those Lecturing differ significantly in their responses on the utilization of “mise-en-place” in food preparation. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that: (i) Working class Homemakers working in banks and lecturers of tertiary institutions should adopt the utilization of “mise-en-place” in food preparation. (ii) Lecturers should put more effort to the teaching and learning of “mise-en-place” as a strategy in food preparation.

Learner’s Mathematical Conceptual Understanding and Its Relation to The Mathematical Communication Skills

ABSTRACTThis research was basically conducted to improve students’ understanding of mathematical concepts and mathematical communication skills both verbally and non-verbally using the Rally Coach learning method. In addition, the main purpose of this study is to examine and analyze the relationship between students’ understanding mathematical concepts and mathematical communication. Therefore, the authors first design instruments to measure students’ understanding of mathematical concepts and mathematical communication skills that have been adapted to indicators. This study is based on correlational research method. The instrument was tested to see its validity and reliability using the Cronbach Alpha formula. The results show that the application of the Rally Coach learning model has a positive influence in improving students’ understanding of mathematical concepts and mathematical communication. The results of the analysis by statistical testing with Pearson correlation show that there is a relationship between understanding mathematical conception and mathematical communication skills, but the relationship is not so strong. This can be seen from observations made by authors, some students are able to understand mathematical problems, but are not fully able to communicate verbally.Keywords: mathematical communication; mathematical conceptual understanding; Pearson correlation; rally coach; validity and reliability test.

Instrument Development Chapter of Learning Game Football Kick The Ball for Elementary School Grade Five

Authentic assessment at school has generally been carried out, but has not been supported by a tested assessment instrument. The purpose of this study was to produce a valid, reliable, and practical assessment instrument in learning soccer kicking material. The research method used is research and development involving 3 expert assessments, namely, Information Technology Experts, and Sport and health physical education teachers. The expert validation instrument has 4 categories, namely invalid, less valid, valid, very valid. For data analysis, the validity level used the Aiken's V formula, while knowing the reliability level of the instrument used the Cronbach alpha formula assisted by SPSS 16.0. The results of the content validation analysis of all items were valued above 0.3, which means that all aspects assessed by the expert were valid. The reliability test of the assessment instrument using Cronbach's alpha was obtained a value of 0.747. The practicality test of the assessment instrument in the form of a website has a value of 85%. It can be concluded that the instrument application has a very high level of practicality. This study serves to increase the reference data of researchers and of course it can be used by teachers in conducting assessments.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR DENGAN DISIPLIN SISWA

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENT’S LEARNING INDEPENDENCE AND STUDENT’S DISCIPLINE.This research is correlation study research that using quantitative approach is done in students’ grade of Fifth on Elementary School Pondok Rumput 1 Bogor city with amount 102 students as population. The samples are collected by simple random sampling technique which amount of samples from formula calculate are 51 students. The aim of this research is to know correlation between student’s learning independence and student’s discipline. The data of this research is collected with using questionnaire Likert scale for independence to discipline student’s..Validityof the instrument from learning independence and student’s discipline is calculated by using Product Moment Pearson formula and for reliability is calculated by using Alpha Cronbach formula. The population of this research is collected with using Taro Yamane formula with 10% precision. This quantitative research is conducted with pre validity and reliability instrument which next to survey the samples to get valid and reliable. After that, the result of this research is showed that has correlation between learning independence and student’s discipline, it is showed with statistical analysis that producing regression coefficient score (rxy) amount 0,99 and got t-calculateis 49,14. It is showed that has correlation between learning independence and student’s discipline, while determination coefficient (r2) is 0,98 or 98%. It means that score of learning discipline 98% is based on learning independence, with regression equality Y = 13,16 + 0,99X, is significance, so each increasing1 unit independence will improve student slearning discipline for 0,99 unit. Accordingto the result above, it can be concluded that has correlatiton betwen student’s learning independence and students learning discipline. It is showed that for improving learning discipline has to fix that learningindependence.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA SIKAP BELAJAR MAHASISWA DENGAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MATA KULIAH ETIKA PROFESI

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN STUDENTS LEARNING ATTITUDE AND LEARNING ACHIEVEMENTThis research belongs to quantitative research with correlational study type which consist of student learning attitude as independent variable and learning achievement as dependent variable. The purpose of this study to determine the positive relationship Between Student Attitude Learning With Achievement Learning. The data of this research were obtained by using Likert scale questionnaire for learning attitude variable and job result data, quiz, UTS and UAS for learning achievement. The instrument validity test of learning attitude and learning achievement was calculated using Product Moment Pearson formula and for reliability test was calculated using Alpha Cronbach formula. The population in this study are students of Semester V class F, G, and H Program Study PGSD academic year 2016/2017. That numbered 95 students. Samples were drawn by 49 students, obtained by using Taro Yamane formula with 10% precision. This quantitative research is done by testing the validity and reliability of the instrument which is then followed by surveying the sample with valid and reliable instruments. Then, the results showed that there is a relationship between learning attitudes with the achievement of the subject of Professional Ethics, shown by statistical analysis resulting in correlation coefficient price (rxy) of 0.97 shows the relationship between student learning attitudes with learning achievement, while the coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.94 or 94%. This means learning achievement of 94% results in correlation with learning attitudes, through regression equation ie Ŷ = (- 22,78 + 0,81). The remaining 6% is influenced by other factors.

HUBUNGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN KONSEP DIRI

RELATIONSHIP USING LEARNING MEDIA WITH SELF CONCEPTThe aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the use of learning media and self-concept. The research approach uses quantitative with correlational study methods. The study data was obtained using a questionnaire tool for both variables. The validity test of the use of instructional media and self-concept tools was calculated using the Pearson Product Moment formula and the reliability coefficient was calculated using the Cronbach Alpha formula. The population consisted of VA, VB and VC students from the District 2 Primary School. A sample of 48 students was obtained using the Taro Yamane formula. Testing the analysis requirements in the form of normality tests (Liliefors). After the normality test is performed, a homogeneity test is then performed (Fisher). Data declared normal and homogeneous are used to test hypotheses, the results of which indicate that the use of instructional media has a positive and significant relationship with self-concept. Statistical analysis yields a correlation coefficient (rxy) of 0.69, which means that the relationship level is classified as strong and a count of 8.80 is higher than ttable with a significant level of 0.05 of 2.021, meaning significant. It can therefore be concluded that there is a positive and significant relationship between the use of instructional media and the self-concepts of students.

PENGARUH BERPIKIR KRITIS TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA

THE EFFECT OF CRITICAL THINKING ON MATHEMATICS LEARNING OUTCOMESThis research was conducted using an associative quantitative research approach with a type of causal approach consisting of two variables namely critical thinking as an independent variable and mathematics learning outcomes as the dependent variable. The main objective of this research is to find out the positive influence between critical thinking and mathematics learning outcomes. The subjects of this study were students of class IV-A. IV-B, and IV-C. Bogor City Pondok Rumput Elementary School consisting of 49 respondents. The research was carried out in the first semester of the 2019/2020 school year. The instrument validity test uses the Person Product Moment correlation formula and the reliability test uses the Cronbach Alpha formula. Test data analysis requirements using the test for normality, homogeneity, and linearity. The average value on the critical thinking variable was 109.7 and the average value on the mathematics learning variable was 68.1. Then the results of the study showed that there was an influence of critical thinking on mathematics learning outcomes, indicated by statistical analysis that produced a path coefficient (pxy) value of 0.64. This shows the influence of critical thinking on mathematics learning outcomes, while the coefficient of determination (r2) of 0.409 or 40.9%. This means the value of the influence of critical thinking on mathematics learning outcomes of 40.9%, through the regression equation The remaining 59.1% is determined by other factors. Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that there is a positive influence between critical thinking on students' mathematics learning outcomes. This means that one of the factors in mathematics learning outcomes is due to students' critical thinking at the time of learning.

The Effect of Body Images and Self-Esteem on Subjective Well-Being in Adolescents

This study aims to examine whether there is an influence between body image and self-esteem on subjective well-being in adolescents. This research uses a quantitative approach with ex-post facto research techniques . This research was conducted at SMK Nanggulan, Kulonprogo, Yogyakarta with a sample of 306 teenagers, especially teenage girls. The instrument in this study uses subjective well-being scale, body image and self-esteem. Instrument validation techniques used are using content validity and reliability using the Cronbach Alpha formula. Research data analysis techniques using multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that (1) there is a significant influence of body image and self-esteem together on the subjective well-being of adolescents with a value of F = 76,040 ( p <0 , 05 ), (2) there is a significant influence of body image on subjective well-being in adolescents t = 11.455 ( p <0.05), and (3) there is a significant influence between self-esteem on subjective well-being in adolescents t = 10,436 ( p <0.05). Therefore, it can be concluded that body image and self-esteem can be predictors of subjective well-being in adolescents.

The effect of CTL learning model and learning style on the historical learning outcomes

This study aims to obtain the influence of learning models and learning styles on historical learning outcomes. Students are given a CTL and conventional learning model by measuring visual learning styles and auditory learning styles. This type of research is a quantitative study using an experimental method with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The population is all students of class X 2019/2020 school year. The sampling technique used is multistage random sampling. Class X-A as an experimental class and grade X-B as a control class with a total of 70 students construct validity is analyzed by the correlation between items using Product Moment Correlation, and Cronbach's alpha formula tested reliability. The results showed that learning outcomes with the CTL learning model were higher than conventional learning models. While student learning outcomes using visual learning styles are more effective than auditory learning styles. There is a relationship between learning models with learning styles.

Code-switching: The case of “Israeli Arab” students at the Arab American University-Palestine

This study aims at shedding the light on the factors lying behind switching to Hebrew, represented with age, gender, work history and place of residence the phenomenon of code-switching between Hebrew-Arabic among Israeli Arab students at the Arab American University in Palestine. It also studies how code-switching may affect the Palestinian identity of those students. The sample of this study is twofold. The first was conducted quantitatively through randomly selecting 70 Israeli Arabs to answer an 18-item questionnaire. The findings were statistically analysed using SSPS, showing the frequencies, values, means and standard deviation which were analysed using content analysis. Also, the reliability of the paper was tested using the Cronbach Alpha formula of which the reliability coefficient was accepted and satisfied at (0.70). The researcher also conducted a qualitative approach through interviewing six students, analysed using conversational discourse analysis. The study reveals that both age and place of residence were significantly different and affected the choice of Hebrew.&#x0D; Keywords: Code-switching, identity, Israeli Arabs

PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN TES ESSAY KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI IKATAN KIMIA KELAS X SMA/MA

This study aims to produce an essay test instrument for critical thinking skills on chemical bonding material and to know the validity, reliability, distinguishing features, and the difficulty level of the test instrument. The research method uses the ADDIE model with five stages namely analyze, design, develop, implementation, &amp; evaluation. In this research formative evaluation is done, meaning that the evaluation stage is carried out at the end of each stage. The test developed in the study consisted of eight essay items, referring to 10 indicators of critical thinking according to Ennis. Validation of items was done by three validators. Based on the validity according to the experts obtained an average of every aspect, namely 95% material, 96.87% construction and 91.15% language with an overall average score of 94.34% validation has a valid category. Eight valid questions were tested on 20 students. The calculation of the reliability coefficient (r11) with the Alpha Cronbach formula was obtained at 0.65 in the high category, the distinguishing power had an average value of 0.26 in enough categories and the difficulty level of the questions had an average value of 0.42 in the medium category. The developed test instrument is declared valid, reliable, has a good differentiating power, and the level of difficulty of the questions that are being made so that it can be used as a measuring tool to determine students' critical thinking skills.Key word: Research &amp; development, critical thinking test instrument,chemical bonding

PENGARUH KEPRIBADIAN GURU DAN PROFESIONALISME GURU TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS X SMA NEGERI 2 PEMATANG SIANTAR

The This research was conducted to investigate whether there is an influence of teacher personality and teacher professionalism on student achievement in tenth-grade IPS 2 students of SMA Negeri Pematang Siantar. The population in this study were all students of tenth-grade IPS SMA Negeri 2 Pematang Siantar, totaling 188 people. The sampling technique in this study used a random sampling method of 64 students. Data collection techniques used were observation, questionnaires, and documentation. The validity test for item questionnaire analysis used the product-moment correlation formula, and the reliability was calculated using the Cronbach alpha formula. Data analysis techniques used were multiple linear regression, t-test, F test and test determination (R2). The value of determination (R2), the contribution of teacher personality variables and teacher professionalism to student achievement, is 14.7%. The rest is influenced by other variables that are outside the analysis of this study. It can be concluded that the teacher's personality has a positive and significant influence on student achievement. Whereas teacher professionalism did not have a positive and significant influence on student achievement in tenth-grade students IPS SMA Negeri 2 Pematang Siantar.

Upaya Pencegahan Perilaku Konsumtif Melalui Layanan Informasi Menggunakan Teknik Audio Visual

&lt;em&gt;This research is motivated by the development of globalization, which has an extraordinary impact on adolescents. Adolescence is a period where they want to be accepted by their existence and recognized by their existence so that they do everything to fulfill their desires. Adolescence is the process of finding identity, so that makes them more easily influenced and carried away by their environment. The need to be accepted and be the same as other people causes teens to follow various attributes that are popular. One way is to behave consumptively. The formation of consumptive behavior in human beings can be influenced by two factors originating from within the individual (internal) and from outside the individual (external). This study was included in the Quasi Experiment with one group design; the population in this study were MAN 1 Medan students. The sample is class X students of 25 people selected by using purposive sampling technique. The instrument used was a questionnaire with a Likert scale model. The validity test of the research instrument was through the content validity test by several experts and was also carried out using Product Moment Correlation with the mean correlation coefficient of 0.656 and the reliability test using the Cronbach Alpha formula with r 0.972.&lt;/em&gt;

Prevalence of Borderline Personality Disorder and its Tendency to Sex Offending Among Inmates in Omdurman Jail (Sudan)

This research aimed at investigating the prevalence of borderline personality disorder(BPD) and its tendency to sex offending, among inmates in Omdurman jail, in the light of some other variables. To achieve this aim, the researcher used the descriptive survey method, through using a primary information form collected with sample, in addition to an inventory measuring borderline personality disorder which was prepared by the researcher as data collection administered on inmates at Al- Huda Prison in Omdurman. The study sample consisted of (230) prisoners: (120) males and (110) females. The collected data was analyzed by using some statistical procedures of (SPSS), such as: Pearson correlation, Alpha Cronbach formula, one sample T-test, Chi-square test, and Multiple Regression Analysis (path analysis). The findings indicated that: The prevalence of BPD among inmates was higher significant statistical, also there was significant relationship between gender and sex offending, in addition to individuals with BPD were significantly affected by substance use and unemployment. At the end of this research, some recommendations were drawn as well as suggestion for future studies.

SURVEI TENTANG MOTIVASI ORANG TUA MENGIKUTSERTAKAN ANAKNYA DI MATARAM SOCCER ACADEMY TAHUN 209

This research aims to know the motivation of parents to include their children in Mataram Soccer Academy., IN Mataram. This research was conducted in Mataram Soccer Academy.field, GOR Turida Mataram from December 2th to December 9nd 2019. This research used descriptive method by using survey technique in the form of questionnaire. The sampling technique was taken from 60 parent’s samples who involve their children in Mataram Soccer Academy City Mataram. The instruments used were questionnaires and Likert Scale for choice category. The testing of instrument validity used Product Moment for motivation variable. The reliability for variable motivation used Alpha Cronbach formula. The research result showed that the highest motivation of parents to involve their children to Mataram Soccer Academy city Mataram is motivated by the factor of appreciation needs by 29%. Therefore, the appreciation factor is the important thing for parents to involve their children to the academy.