Abstract Pine seedlings from control-pollinated and wind-pollinated seeds of nine loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) pine trees were inoculated with Cronartium quercuum (Berk.) Miyabe ex Shirai f. sp. fusiforme in separate experiments at Gulfport, Mississippi, and Athens, Georgia. A factorial mating design was used in which nine female parent trees were crossed with six other loblolly trees (males). The male and female parents were chosen to represent a range of resistance to the pathogen. Results at the two laboratories were similar in that the percentage of trees galled for pine families was highly correlated. Resistant parents, either male or female, usually produced resistant progeny, and susceptible parents usually produced susceptible progeny. There were notable exceptions, as one female parent produced highly resistant progeny when crossed with three of the males, but crosses of this female with the other males, including a cross with pollen carried by the wind, were highly susceptible. Gall form, a variable derived from gall length divided by gall diameter, gave an equal or better determination of female rust susceptibility than the percent-galled variables for certain crosses in the Gulfport experiment. Development of round galls appears to be an indication of tolerance to the disease and may be a useful trait for resistance work. The advantage of using control-pollinated progeny instead of wind-pollinated progeny to detect trees that can be crossed to produce highly resistant progeny was demonstrated. The avoidance of errors that can be introduced by using unknown male parents was strongly implied by the dramatic effects of resistant and susceptible males. For. Sci. 36(2):304-312.