BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic, inflammatory process of the gastrointestinal tract without a known cause. IBD is divided into Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). In Latin-American IBD presents with low frequency. Due to the severe deterioration of the quality of life, risk of developing malignancies and mortality they are considered of great clinical importance. Since the management of the disease has varied in recent years, it is necessary to know the magnitude of the inflammatory bowel disease and its associated mortality. METHODS: A historical cohort of patients from the IBD clinic in the Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre ISSSTE was analysed in the time frame corresponding from 20 years. All patients met diagnostic criterion for IBD. Study: descriptive, retrospective and transversal. Relative and central frequency averages were used to obtain percentages, averages and standard deviation. Chi square test was used for qualitative variables and Student's T-test was used for continuous numerical quantitative variables. Risk calculation (OR) was made from cross tables to show the prediction of mortality. RESULTS: A total of 103 patients with IBD were included, 72 patients had UC of which 52.8% were female with a mean age of 50 ± 15.8 years and 31 patients had Crohn of which 58.1% were female with a mean age of 52.3 ± 16.6 years. In the UC group 48.6% were in treatment with biological agents and 51.4% were on immunosuppressants and other treatments (mesalazine and steroids). In the CD group 77.4% were treated with biological agents and 22.6% were on immunosuppressants and other treatments (mesalazine and steroids). Surgical treatment was required in 22.3% of the patients. A total mortality of 9.7% was reported and predominated in UC (50% due to post-surgical complications, 40% secondary to sepsis, 10% metastasis). In the risk calculation (OR) performed for the prediction of mortality, no significant difference was found in terms of type of disease (P = 0.34, OR 1.63, 95% CI 0.42-6.23), gender (P = 0.51, OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.32-4.47), or biological treatment (P = 0.73, OR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93-0.96). In patients undergoing surgical treatment, they obtained a statistically significant result with P = 0.008, OR 6.70, 95% IC 1.7-26.3. CONCLUSION(S): The mortality rate in patients with IBD in this study was of 9.7%. The group where more deaths were reported was in the UC group. Statistical significance was found when analysing surgical procedure as a predictor of mortality. Due to the small sample size, a prospective randomized study to confirm these findings is needed. This work has no conflict of interest.