In this paper, we propose a non-autonomous reaction–diffusion SIR infectious disease model with nonlinear incidence, taking fully into account the effects of periodic environmental factors as well as population dynamics on disease transmission in space, and investigate the existence of periodic traveling wave solutions satisfying boundary conditions. Specifically, we first define the basic reproductive number R0 and critical wave speed c∗, which will directly determine the existence of periodic traveling waves. Then, by considering a truncation problem and using fixed-point theorem, some estimation and limit techniques, the sufficient conditions on the existence of periodic traveling waves satisfying some boundary conditions are deduced for every wave speed c>c∗ when R0>1, and the nonexistence of periodic traveling waves is also obtained for any c>0 when R0<1. Finally, some numerical examples are given to verify the theoretical results.