Critical Spirit Research Articles

Implications of Artificial Intelligence in Education. The educator as ethical leader.

Technological media are evolving at great speed, and this development inevitably affects the pedagogical approach that institutions and educators implement in the classroom. The great irruption of Artificial Intelligence tools makes it necessary to reflect on the use of these applications in educational centres at all levels, from Early Childhood Education to Higher Education. These tools have enormous possibilities and applications for the improvement of learning in many aspects, but it is also necessary to analyse the ethical implications that their use may entail, and the role of the educator in this whole process. In this sense, it is proposed that the teacher should become an ethical leader, providing adequate spaces for all students to have the opportunity to achieve learning, becoming a person who inspires those around him/her, and leading the ethical debate involved in the use of these technologies, fostering a critical spirit and knowledge. The presence of the human being in the educational process cannot be doubted, due to the presence of dimensions of the human being such as the emotional or spiritual dimension, which are part of the integral development of the individual and must be nurtured.

“Society is the present of teaching”: Teaching as a Phenomenon in Levinas's Unedited Lecture Notes

AbstractIn this paper, Katja Castillo approaches the phenomenon of teaching through an analysis of Emmanuel Levinas's unedited conference notes titled “Les nourritures,” “Les enseignements,” and “L'écrit et l'oral.” Levinas's thinking prior to the publication of his major works provides an entry point to his philosophy. In this light Castillo interprets his conference notes as laying the groundwork for the argument he develops later in Totality and Infinity. Drawing on the notes, she describes the phenomenon of teaching as a place to bracket subjective freedom in order to let the other call it into question. The phenomenon of teaching serves as a way to describe the relationship between the same and the other. It is, according to Levinas, a unique interplay between interiority and exteriority, where subjective freedom is intertwined with responsibility to the other, with having to answer to the other. He describes the structure of teaching as characterized by six parts: by being given a past, by reflection, by penetration of freedom, by critical spirit, by transcendence of teaching, and as true symbolism. Following the discussion of Levinas's early writings, Castillo returns to his first major work, Totality and Infinity published in 1961, with the intention of examining the evolution of his phenomenological attitude over time. This approach reveals that Levinas's engagement in formulating a philosophy of education was more robust than previous research has indicated.

Neokantyści Wilhelm Windelband, Heinrich Rickert i Ernst Cassirer wobec filozofii renesansu

Neo-Kantianism as a philosophical formation is characterised primarily by its reference to the philosophy of Immanuel Kant. Nevertheless, to say that the essence of Neo-Kantianism was solely a renewal of Kant's philosophy is insufficient. Also specific to this formation was the adaptation of Kant's thought to the new chalenges of philosophy at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. A uniquely exciting analogy for Neo-Kantian philosophy is its reference to the thought of the Renaissance period. Just as the Renaissance marked the revival of many ancient philosophical currents (Platonism, Neoplatonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism, Epicureanism, Scepticism and even Ionian natural philosophy) in the early modern period, Neo-Kantianism represented a kind of Renaissance of Kant’s philosophy. This affinity of thought is suggested by representatives of the two most important Neo-Kantian schools: Wilhelm Windelband, Heinrich Rickert and Ernst Cassirer. This article focuses on this historical-philosophical parallel by examining the relationship between Neo-Kantianism and Renaissance philosophy. The results show that Neo-Kantianism is not limited to an apologetic repetition of Kant’s philosophy but constitutes a heterodox and critical renewal of it. Such an apologetic approach did not work in modern philosophy, which is dominated by the spirit of criticism. Thus, the Neo-Kantian formation shows deep connections with other periods in the history of philosophy, such as Renaissance philosophy, as a breakthrough period initiating a modern mode of reflection. Understanding the relationship between Neo-Kantianism and other philosophical movements can help us appreciate the richness and complexity of contemporary philosophical thought.

Pedagogical renewal and intercultural education in Spain: The history of a mismatch?

In this article, we examine the relationship established between what the history of education in Spain has identified as "pedagogical renewal" and the proposals, experiences, reflections, meetings and training spaces framed in what at the time was identified as "intercultural education". This analysis stems from the apparent disappearance of everything generated around "intercultural education" throughout the 1990s from the historical account of pedagogical renewal. Faced with this apparent mismatch, the authors of the article argue that the main characteristics of the intercultural proposal (in terms of organisational forms, the global nature of its proposals and critical spirit questioning some of the basic pillars of the dominant educational system and model) would allow it to be identified with the movements, proposals and practices of pedagogical renewal. Additionally, the authors highlight the commitment and involvement of individuals, groups and journals aligned with the pedagogical renewal in the promotion and defence of intercultural education. Consequently, the authors finally propose some key insights that may help us understand why this presence and participation tends to be overlooked in the historiographical account of the renewal.

Critical Review of Islamic Economic Thoughts Based on the Perspective of Three Schools (Mazhab): Iqtishaduna, Mainstream, and Alternative-critical

Islamic economics is a science that combines economics with the principles of Shariah. The development of Islamic thought and economics started from the time of Rasulullah SAW, Sahabat until today. Regarding how the concept of Islamic economics is, three mazhabs have different views, namely: Iqtisaduna Mazhab, mainstream mazhabs, and critical alternative mazhabs. This article aims to understand the views of Islamic economics in all the three mazhabs mentioned above. The three mazhabs have different backgrounds in criticizing the concepts of socialist and capitalist economics. The Iqtishaduna mazhab was pioneered by Baqir al-Sadr, this mazhab chose to replace the economic term with ‘iqtishaduna’. Mainstream mazhabs approach Western economic thought with an open heart and mind, not necessarily rejecting it completely; therefore, there needs to be filtering and refinement of economic concepts; while the alternative-critical mazhab is a spirit of criticism that invitesnot only socialists and capitalists who are are criticized, but also Islamic economic thought should be criticized, because this mazhab argues that Islam must be true, but Islamic economics is not necessarily true. Keywords: Islamic economics, Iqtishaduna, mainstream, alternative-critical

Defining the method of reflective equilibrium

The method of reflective equilibrium (MRE) is a method of justification popularized by John Rawls and further developed by Norman Daniels, Michael DePaul, Folke Tersman, and Catherine Z. Elgin, among others. The basic idea is that epistemic agents have justified beliefs if they have succeeded in forming their beliefs into a harmonious system of beliefs which they reflectively judge to be the most plausible. Despite the common reference to MRE as a method, its mechanisms or rules are typically expressed in a metaphorical or simplified manner and are therefore criticized as too vague. Recent efforts to counter this criticism have been directed towards the attempt to provide formal explications of MRE. This paper aims to supplement these efforts by providing an informal working definition of MRE. This approach challenges the view that MRE can adequately be characterized only in the negative as a set of anti-essentialisms. I argue that epistemic agents follow MRE iff they follow four interconnected rules, which are concerned with a minimalistic form of foundationalism, a minimalistic form of fallibilism, a moderate form of holism, and a minimalistic form of rationality. In the critical spirit of MRE, the corresponding working definition is, of course, provisional and revisable. In general, the aim is to contribute to a reflective equilibrium (RE) concerning MRE. If it is successful, this working definition provides a better grasp of the most basic elements of the method and thereby enhances our understanding of it.

Analysis of translation teaching skills in colleges and universities based on deep learning

With the progress of the times and the improvement of science and technique, network message technique has occupied a vital position in people's lives. At the same time, society has been implementing university English education reform in recent years, and the “internet plus” wisdom education model is the product of the improvement of the times. This new education model has gradually integrated into the education of various subjects. Introducing the concept of message technique and wisdom education into university translation education can innovate education mode, optimize education content, and integrate high-quality education resources. Cultivating applied translators has become the trend of educational reform. Based on deep learning, this paper studies translation education skills in universities. In-depth education enables learners to acquire systematic knowledge, critical spirit, creative thinking, etc. This kind of learning fully taps individual potential to cultivate a complete personality. According to the research in this paper, wisdom education is 12% better than traditional education, and it is suitable to be widely put into practice.

KONTESTASI PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA PERIODE 2022-2028 DI DESA KRADENAN KECAMATAN PALANG KABUPATEN TUBAN

The village head election contest is a small political competition, but it is often found that the village head election mechanism does not work in accordance with applicable regulations. This research was carried out with the aim of knowing the mechanism for selecting village heads according to Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 112 of 2014, knowing the portrait of the implementation of the village head election contestation in Kradenan Village, Palang District, Tuban Regency, and accommodating the responses of residents of Kradenan Village, Palang District, Tuban Regency regarding the village head election contestation for the 2022-2028 period. The research method used in this study is qualitative using a phenomenological approach by digging deeper into the events that occurred. Data collection was carried out by means of observation, interviews, and documentation obtained from the village community, namely 4 candidates, chairman of the election committee, community leaders, youth leaders, and the success team. Qualitative data analysis techniques arecarried out interactively according to Miles and Hubermen, namely by data reduction, data presentation, data interpretation, and drawing conclusions. The research findings show that 1). The village head election mechanism is carried out according to stages starting from the preparation stage to the determination. 2). Portraits of village head elections during the preparatory stages were carried out on a limited basis, as were campaigns held on a limited basis to minimize conflict between supporters. 3). Residents' responsesregarding the village head election were that most people tended to be indifferent to the mechanisms that were running from the preparatory to finalstages. A small number wanted the opportunity to contribute to the implementation of the village elections in order to resolve the problem of the committee's lack of transparency and the existence of money politics irregularities within it. As for suggestions, it should be able to provide opportunities for village residents, especially the younger generation, who complain about the circulation of money politics in the village elections. Of course, the younger generation with a high level of education has a critical spirit to convey aspirations for the village through village elections

Customer Service with AI-Powered Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC): A Literature Review

The present study discusses the impact of Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI) on customer service. It is based on the four types of intelligence – mechanical, analytical, intuitive, and empathetic – and how they are integrated into HRC to provide customers with more efficient and personalized services. The benefits of AI-enabled HRC are highlighted, including reduced operational costs, increased productivity, improved decision-making, and enhanced customer experience. However, the article also addresses the challenges of implementing this approach, such as the potential loss of jobs due to automation, and emphasizes the importance of ethical and responsible implementation. The study has significant practical and academic implications, warning that continuous research is needed to understand the potential and limitations of AI-enabled HRC on customer service. Overall, through a literature review, the article aims to appeal to the reader's critical spirit and explore topics on the transformative power of AI in customer service.

Espírito crítico pós-modernista: sua influência cultural e seu impacto na música e nas escolas de pensamento

Abstract: Western postmodernism is a cultural trend of thought that emerged in the 1960s and 1970s. Its influence involves many fields, such as art, literature, philosophyand aesthetics, which indicates that a major change has taken place in the whole Western society, and also has a profound impact on contemporary culture and art. By analyzing the far-reaching influence of postmodernism on music and philosophy, this paper provided development strategies and suggestions for music and philosophy under the background of postmodernism. This paper studied the positive and negative effects of postmodernism on philosophy and music from two aspects: music and philosophy. The positive influence of postmodernism on philosophy and music is manifested in advocating equality, harmony between man and nature, innovation and critical spirit. Of course, the postmodernism trend of thought also has some negative effects, which should be viewed dialectically on its impact on music and philosophy. On the premise of encouraging innovation, respecting freedom and difference, self-confidence value should be established, so as to promote the further development of philosophy and music. Postmodernism is a cultural form in the later period of capitalism. In the field of music, it is necessary to not only adhere to the rebellion and openness brought by postmodernism, but also attach importance to the artistic value of music works to prevent the production and proliferation of vulgar music works. The influence of postmodernism on music and philosophy, studied in this paper, has important practical significance.

Hegel and the end of the end of grand narratives

Lyotard?s The Postmodern Condition: A Report on Knowledge (1984) announces the end of grand narratives and the advent of postmodernity. The two go together. Moreover, they both involve the renunciation of Hegel and his philosophy. Hegel is condemned as the arch-exponent of grand narratives, framing a speculative theory that effaces difference and creativity in the interests of an overweening closed system. The popularity of postmodernism waned by the end of the twentieth century. Its rejection of grand theory was seen as neither novel nor unproblematic, in that analytic philosophy had long criticised theoretical speculation and the claims of postmodernism to put an end to large-scale theories were increasingly seen as unconvincing as theories of the historical development of globalisation and colonisation proliferated. The end of the end of grand narratives allows us to review how we might consider grand narratives today. The argument here is that they are to be seen as helpful and productive if engaged with in a critical spirit. More particularly, it is argued that Hegel remains a highly relevant theorist for today?s world if his thinking is seen as open-ended rather than being fixed and closed.

Comment on “Post modernist critical spirit: its cultural influence and impact on music and schools of thought”

Comment on “Post modernist critical spirit: its cultural influence and impact on music and schools of thought”

Roadways of Fire: Cosmopolitan Critics and Modern Gas Lighting in W. B. Yeats’s John Sherman (1891)

This article argues that W. B. Yeats uses his early novel John Sherman (1891) to identify and interrogate a non-national model of poetry he newly conceived to be global in its significance. Previously Yeats had attacked Ireland's ‘West Britons’ for seeking to emulate the Anglocentric critical standards set by Matthew Arnold, and so ignoring the beauty and truths of their supposedly provincial homeland. Such art of the ‘critical’ rather than ‘creative imagination’, as typified for Yeats by the minor English poet William Watson, is dramatized in the overaestheticized meditations of the character William Howard from John Sherman. As Howard's ruminations on the Irish landscape proceed, however, his critical spirit develops from the cautious, Anglocentric anti-nativism of Watson's Arnoldian ‘scholar poet’ into the iconoclasm of Oscar Wilde's critic-artist. More radical in his intellectual ambitions and truly extra-national in his affiliations, Howard is galvanized to adopt this new, cosmopolitan attitude by the dispersed forces of technological modernization that had reached Ireland's western seaboard. In reaction to the all-pervasive urban lighting that stimulates Howard's worldly reflections, Yeats's gaze turns inward in the novel's poetic counterpart, seeking to locate the grounds of the Irish creative imagination in the occult dark of Innisfree.

Professional Supervision in Transport Psychology - A Two-Way Commitment

Supervision is a training method in which novices are most of the time focused on client service. Unlike previous internships that are centred mainly on knowledge acquisition, supervision in Transport Psychology aims to develop a series of knowledge and skills which can be directly applied to ongoing work with clients. In addition, supervision aims to develop the critical spirit, as well as the capacity for professional and personal self-evaluation.

The Living Predicament of Human on the Verge of Modernity

“One-Dimensional Man” reflects the living predicament of people on the verge of modernity, that is, the dehumanization of existence state, the atomization of existence mode and the nihilization of existence meaning. Herbert Marcuse believes that the root cause of this predicament lies in the ideological role of science and technology, and then puts forward the realization of human liberation through philosophical criticism, cultural revolution and artistic redemption. However, because it is based on cultural and ideological criticism, the liberation program has a strong utopian color. In spite of this, Marcuse's theory of "one-dimensionality" deeply reveals the homogeneity of human society in the process of modernization, and its critical spirit provides enlightening significance to China's socialist modernization.

Popperian methodology and the Semmelweis case.

Semmelweis' discovery of the etiology of childbed fever has long attracted the attention of historians of medicine and biographers. In recent years it has also become of increasing interest to philosophers. In this paper I discuss the interpretation of Semmelweis' methodology from the viewpoint of the inference to the best explanation and argue that Popperian methodology is better at capturing the dynamics of the growth of knowledge. Furthermore, I criticize the attempts to explain the failure of Semmelweis to have his discovery accepted on the basis of the Kuhnian concept of paradigms, and warn that this view may endorse dogmatism as the norm The Kuhnian position also raises the problem of the authoritarian nature of scientific institutions which defend a paradigm against unorthodox, rebellious views, such as in the case of Semmelweis. Popperian philosophy is seen as a challenge to promote a link between an open society and open science with its main aim being to cherish a free critical spirit.

Inclusion of the gender equality sustainable development goal in engineering teaching and research

This work explores how gender mainstreaming can be included in the teaching and research of engineering, a framed discipline belonging to Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (known with the acronym STEM), an area of ​​knowledge known for having (especially in the Western countries) a low proportion of female students. There is little research and manuals that address gender-specific issues in this area of ​​knowledge and how they could be addressed. During the 2018/2019 academic year, a pilot project on gender mainstreaming was carried out at the Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech (UPC) as part of these actions. For this purpose, 41 voluntary teachers from 8 Bachelor’s and Master’s Degrees of the UPC have been recruited. Social and gender relevance of the subjects, inclusive methodology, classroom management and assessment have been considered in this research. One of the tools obtained from this study is a guide of recommendations to be used by the teaching and research staff to introduce the changes that make possible the effective incorporation of the gender equality Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) in engineering teaching and research. The recommendations proposed in this work derive from the research carried out for this project. The work, therefore, paves the way for further insight into the specific gender bias in engineering and is an essential tool for people involved in teaching and research in the engineering field from a critical spirit.

Procesos de investigación educativa en la virtualidad

The purpose of this research was to unveil a study of the behaviors and stories that university students and teachers possess about the change from face-to-face to virtual modality in education. I took the qualitative approach considering the vision, opinion, emotions and interests of those who build social life in educational institutions. To get to the educational fact I took a position from the ontology of being, where it was the approach of a context, the theory of social constructionism was assumed as support to reveal the relationship of the subject with its object of study. The approach is guided by the ontological and epistemological contribution of the hermeneutical phenomenological method and I relied on Sandín Esteban (2003, in this sense, the variations are determined when describing the phenomena with the interpretation and understanding of the individual interviews. that, in educational institutions, currently the management developed corresponds to the parameters of the traditional paradigm of education, in view of the fact that it focuses on the development and fulfillment of a planning that responds to the requirements of the institutional organization. The student receives information that he processes to comply with an evaluated activity arranged by the teacher, thus turning learning into a conglomerate of conceptual notions acquired in the educational fact. There is no unified criterion regarding the development of an investigation adapted to the requirements and realities of social actors that make up the organization of higher education. It is important that the University understands that research is the critical spirit that positions knowledge at the top of society and that original productions with clear and coherent arguments give the level of height to the reason for being of higher education institutions.

Literature as Medium: The Development and Cultural Space of New Worker Literature

Abstract Over the past few years, China's cultural landscape has seen the emergence of several authors from among its migrant laborers, or “new workers.” Fan Yusu and Xu Lizhi are the most representative. Their literary production, which draws on their personal experiences and tells their workplace stories, is an artistic configuration entirely different from both mass culture and high literature. This article analyzes the significance of this new worker literature from three perspectives. First, since the 1990s, new workers have been using the traditional medium of literature to speak with their own voices, which is particularly remarkable in the age of the internet. Second, workers’ culture spaces like the Picun Literature Group, from which Fan Yusu emerged, not only support ordinary laborers’ active interest in writing but also represent a specific cultural practice that has come into being in the post-Mao era. Third, the fact that a large number of new worker writers are “borrowing” from the language and style of 1980s literature generates a productive relation between the critical spirit of that literature and the alienating conditions under which the new workers labor. Although seen as marginal by many, new worker literature is of great cultural value for contemporary China.

Educating Future Agricultural Engineers at the University of Burgos, Spain, through a Service-Learning Project on Rural Depopulation and Its Social Consequences

A Service-Learning Project (S-LP) is a teaching experience through which the concepts covered during an educational course can practically be applied to address a given social problem. It is therefore a useful teaching methodology to bring courses closer to the real world. An S-LP experience is reported in this paper that was conducted with students of agricultural engineering to address the problem of rural depopulation, through the design of agri-food buildings for industries, and economic activities that help to maintain a stable population. After the S-LP, a survey was administered to both students and teachers, to assess the success of this teaching experience. The responses of the students showed not only an awareness of the social problem that was addressed, but also a critical spirit that led them to seek the best possible answer, and a global vision of the issue. It helped them to reflect on all of its facets to arrive at a way of engaging with the social problem. Importantly, the students were able to reflect upon how engineers can also serve society through their technical knowledge. The teachers indicated that the S-LP motivated the students on the course, while enabling them to successfully learn the concepts, and to develop independent study skills searching for information. In general, an S-LP is an experience that the teachers in this study would recommend and that could be especially relevant for universities assuming a role as a social entity to heighten the visibility of social problems and needs.