Positive Results Research Articles

Correlation between rate of TEC index and positioning error during solar flares and geomagnetic storms using navigation with Indian constellation receiver measurements

Abstract The real-time position accuracy of the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) receiver is limited by the dynamic behavior of the ionosphere, particularly in adverse conditions like solar flares and geomagnetic storms. The NavIC satellites broadcast dual coherent radio beacon signals on L5 (1,164.5 MHz) and S (2,472.5 MHz) bands for providing position, velocity, and timing services in all weather conditions. The Total Electron Content (TEC) and Rate of TEC Index (ROTI) are the potential indicators for characterizing the ionosphere and its irregularities. In this research work, the TEC and ROTI are computed from the code and carrier phase observations of the NavIC receiver located at Kurnool low latitude station (15.79° N, 78.07° E) with geomagnetic coordinates (7.30° N, 151.65° E). This paper presents a statistical study of TEC, ROTI, and the correlation between ROTI and NavIC positioning error during highly intense solar flares (X9.3 and X2.2) and geomagnetic storm conditions. Compared to quiet days mean TEC, the enhancement is 3 TECU due to X9.3 flares, and the maximum peak of TEC on storm day (September 8, 2017) is 80.92 TECU. Moreover, the correlation coefficient between ROTI and position error is 0.76 on a quiet day (September 4, 2017), 0.54 on an intense solar flares day (September 6, 2017), and 0.24 on a storm day (September 8, 2017), this indicates positional accuracy degradation on a geomagnetic storm day. The outcome of this research work would be helpful for investigating characteristics of the northern low latitude ionospheric irregularities and, in turn, useful for developing suitable ionospheric nowcasting/prediction models for GNSS applications.

An in silico approach to identify novel and potential Akt1 (protein kinase B-alpha) inhibitors as anticancer drugs.

Akt1 (protein kinase B) has become a major focus of attention due to its significant functionality in a variety of cellular processes and the inhibition of Akt1 could lead to a decrease in tumour growth effectively in cancer cells. In the present work, we discovered a set of novel Akt1 inhibitors by using multiple computational techniques, i.e. pharmacophore-based virtual screening, molecular docking, binding free energy calculations, and ADME properties. A five-point pharmacophore hypothesis was implemented and validated with AADRR38. The obtained R2 and Q2 values are in the acceptable region with the values of 0.90 and 0.64, respectively. The generated pharmacophore model was employed for virtual screening to find out the potential Akt1 inhibitors. Further, the selected hits were subjected to molecular docking, binding free energy analysis, and refined using ADME properties. Also, we designed a series of 6-methoxybenzo[b]oxazole analogues by comprising the structural characteristics of the hits acquired from the database. Molecules D1-D10 were found to have strong binding interactions and higher binding free energy values. In addition, Molecular dynamic simulation was performed to understand the conformational changes of protein-ligand complex.

On the design of Optimal Health Indicators for early fault detection and their statistical thresholds

This research presents a method for developing optimal health indicators for early fault detection in machine condition monitoring. The devised health indicators are optimal in the Neyman–Pearson sense, as they maximize the probability of detection while maintaining a constant false alarm rate. They are generated through a generalized likelihood ratio test that involves the probability density functions representing the healthy and faulty states. The essence of the approach lies in establishing a framework that defines optimal health indicators as functions of the partial derivatives of the healthy probability density function and a modulation function, representing the distortion of the probability density function in the faulty state. Specific modulation functions lead to the recovery of several traditional health indicators, including kurtosis, skewness, the crest factor, the clearance factor, the smoothness factor, the shape factor, the impulse factor, ℓp/ℓq-norms, the negentropy, among others. New health indicators are also derived. As the proposed optimal health indicators asymptotically follow a chi-squared distribution, they come with a statistical threshold. The study comprehensively outlines the methodology, with its performance assessed through simulated and experimental signals. The results reveal that the early transition from healthy to faulty can be well detected via the established optimal health indicators and their thresholds.

Effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone on the crystallization of amorphous griseofulvin: fracture and molecular mobility

This study aims to investigate the fracture, molecular mobility and crystallization behaviors of amorphous griseofulvin (GSF) in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). In the presence of 10%(w/w) PVP K90, the fracture resistance of griseofulvin was greatly improved. Compared with the pure GSF system, the average fracture temperature of the griseofulvin–PVP K90 system was decreased to approximately −6.1°C. More importantly, a statistical study revealed that the direct connection between fracture and nucleation of griseofulvin was weakened in the presence of PVP K90. This study also explored the effects of PVP K90 on the molecular dynamics and crystallization behaviors of amorphous GSF. In the presence of PVP K90, the crystal growth kinetics and molecular dynamics were both slowed down. Interestingly, needle-like crystal growth was observed, exhibiting approximately the same rates as the bubble-induced process. These findings are important for understanding the complex mechanisms of physical stability of polymer-based amorphous solid dispersions.

Comparison of Ion–Proton Differential Speed between Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections and Solar Wind near 1 au

The elemental abundance of interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and solar wind near 1 au is often adopted to represent the abundance in the corresponding coronal sources. However, the absolute abundance of heavy ions (relative to hydrogen) near 1 au might be different from the coronal abundance due to the ion–proton differential speed (V ip ). To illustrate the V ip characteristics and explore whether it influences the absolute abundance analysis for ICMEs and solar wind, we perform a statistical study on the V ip for He2+, C5+, O6+, and Fe10+ in both ICMEs and solar wind based on measurements of Advanced Composition Explorer. The results show that the V ip is negligible within ICMEs and slow solar wind (< 400 km s−1), while obvious in the intermediate (400–600 km s−1) and fast wind (> 600 km s−1). Previous studies showed that the V ip in ICMEs keeps negligible during propagation from 0.3 to 5 au, but in solar wind it increases with the decreasing heliocentric distance. Therefore, it might be questionable to infer the absolute abundance of coronal sources through in situ abundance near 1 au for solar wind. Fortunately, the ion–oxygen (O6+) differential speed (V io ) is negligible for He2+, C5+, and Fe10+ within both ICMEs and solar wind, and previous studies suggested that the V io does not vary significantly with the heliocentric distance. This indicates that various heavy ions always flow at the same bulk speed and their relative abundance (relative to oxygen) near 1 au can represent the coronal abundance for both ICMEs and solar wind.

#2832 Lean tissue mass is associated with mortality across different stages of chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract Background and Aims Loss of lean tissue mass (LLTM) commonly occurs in multiple long-term conditions (LTC), including chronic kidney disease (CKD), and is thought to be associated with adverse outcomes including mortality, frailty surrogates and poor quality of life. It remains unclear whether LLTM is directly associated with mortality in CKD after adjusting for the severity of CKD or the degree of multimorbidity, and whether such associations remain in other LTC with similar levels of multimorbidity, such as heart failure (HF). Method A systematic review was conducted in adult CKD [kidney transplant (KT), CKDG3-5 or dialysis treated kidney failure (D-KF)] and HF patients who had whole body bioimpedance defined lean tissue mass (BI-LTM). The primary outcome was mortality, with secondary outcomes including hospitalisation and health related quality of life (HRQoL). The review was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021240688) and was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Electronic database searches of MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, CINAHL, PsychInfo, Web of Science, CENTRAL, ICTRP and ISRCTN were searched from inception until June 2023. Data extraction and risk of bias assessments, using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool, was performed by two independent reviewers. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted using STATA SE16.2 using restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimation. Results From 10,024 citations, 126 studies were identified (100 D-KF, 12 CKDG3-5, 2 KT, 3 mixed CKD and 9 HF) reporting outcomes on 143,053 D-KF, 15,164 CKDG3-5, 346 KTR and 3716 HF patients respectively. There were 1,227 deaths (over 2-5 years) in the HF studies and 16,471 deaths (over 1-20 years) in the CKD studies. The weighted mean eGFRCreat was 54 and 42 ml/min/1.73 m2 in the KT and CKDG3-5 studies, with only 3 HF studies reporting any measure of renal function (all using categorical cut offs). In 87 studies survival analyses of all-cause mortality (ACM) showed that BI-LTM was associated with mortality in 67%, 100%, 85% and 74% of the HF, KT, CKDG3-5 and D-KF studies respectively after adjusting for age, sex, diabetic status, comorbidity score, CRP / IL-6, albumin and bioimpedance defined fluid measures in 93%, 77%, 64%, 17%, 32%, 59% and 24% of analyses. Meta-analysis within D-KF studies reporting MVA revealed a 1-degree decrease in phase angle (pooled HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.50-2.20: Fig. 1A) and lean tissue index &amp;lt;10th percentile (pooled HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.31-1.66: Fig. 1B) was associated with ACM. Leave one out meta-analysis and sensitivity analyses removing studies at high-risk of statistical analysis and study confounding bias confirmed these pooled estimates were robust. Of the studies reporting secondary outcomes including hospitalisation and HRQoL (including the Short Form-36 and Kidney Disease Quality of Life Instrument), 67% showed associations with BI-LTM. Conclusion LLTM is associated with mortality across all stages of CKD and in heart failure. Furthermore, LLTM is associated with adverse outcomes such as hospitalisation and poor quality of life. This study confirms that LLTM potentially has an important role in the explanatory pathway for adverse outcomes in patients with LTCs, including CKD. Using BI-LTM may provide a way to identify early LLTM and target interventions to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes in these multimorbid cohorts.

Pickup Ion Modulation on Plateau-like Turbulence in the Martian Magnetosheath

The distribution of magnetic energy across scales, represented by the turbulence spectrum, provides insights into magnetic field dynamics in astrophysical and space plasma. While the Earth’s magnetosheath exhibits a conventional two-slope spectrum, the Martian magnetosheath often displays a prominent plateau-like spectrum. However, the underlying physical mechanism remains unresolved. Based on MAVEN observations, we present appealing evidence of pickup ions (PUIs) modulating the plateau-like spectrum through proton cyclotron waves (PCWs). PCWs, driven by unstable pickup H+ ion distributions, significantly influence the formation of plateau-like spectra. Both case and statistical studies suggest that the spectral evolution is affected by the relative abundance of pickup O+ ions. A substantial presence of pickup O+ ions can suppress PCWs driven by pickup H+ ions, resulting in a decline in the slope of the plateau spectrum. Particle-in-cell simulations confirm the role of PUI-modulated PCWs in the plateau-range energy injection. Our results provide new insight into the impact of PUIs on magnetic turbulence evolution and associated energy transfer processes in space and astrophysical plasma.

Cell-type-specific effects of autism-associated chromosome 15q11.2-13.1 duplications in human brain.

Recurrent copy number variation represents one of the most well-established genetic drivers in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Duplication of 15q11.2-13.1 (dup15q) is a well-described neurodevelopmental syndrome that increases the risk of ASD by over 40-fold. However, the effects of this duplication on gene expression and chromatin accessibility in specific cell types in the human brain remain unknown. To identify the cell-type-specific transcriptional and epigenetic effects of dup15q in the human frontal cortex we conducted single-nucleus RNA-sequencing and multi-omic sequencing on dup15q cases (n=6) as well as non-dup15q ASD (n=7) and neurotypical controls (n=7). Cell-type-specific differential expression analysis identified significantly regulated genes, critical biological pathways, and differentially accessible genomic regions. Although there was overall increased gene expression across the duplicated genomic region, cellular identity represented an important factor mediating gene expression changes. Neuronal subtypes, showed greater upregulation of gene expression across a critical region within the duplication as compared to other cell types. Genes within the duplicated region that had high baseline expression in control individuals showed only modest changes in dup15q, regardless of cell type. Of note, dup15q and ASD had largely distinct signatures of chromatin accessibility, but shared the majority of transcriptional regulatory motifs, suggesting convergent biological pathways. However, the transcriptional binding factor motifs implicated in each condition implicated distinct biological mechanisms; neuronal JUN/FOS networks in ASD vs. an inflammatory transcriptional network in dup15q microglia. This work provides a cell-type-specific analysis of how dup15q changes gene expression and chromatin accessibility in the human brain and finds evidence of marked cell-type-specific effects of this genetic driver. These findings have implications for guiding therapeutic development in dup15q syndrome, as well as understanding the functional effects CNVs more broadly in neurodevelopmental disorders.

Biosystematic Studies, Distribution and Conservation Status of Guaiacum officinale L. in Karnataka State

Guaiacum L. is an evergreen tree indigenous to South America, West Indies and USA. It was introduced during British period. The stem is hard, abundant resin wood, ash- grey-green bark and paripinnate leaves. The flowers are blue-purple in colour and occur in axillary clusters. The fruit is a capsule. Anomocytic, Paracytic and tertacytic types of stomata present only on abaxial surface of the leaf, trichomes absent on both surface. Pollen monad, radialy sysmmetric, tricolporate. The secondary veins are joined to form a loop at the margin. Phenolic test, alkaloid test etc. gave positive results. This plant is having commercial as well as medicinal value. In Karnataka state this plant found only in two places, one in Lalbagh, Bangalore and another in Karnataka College, Dharwad. Silviculture experiments were conducted but not succeeded. In both the places flowers are many, but fruit setting is negligible. It inhibits the spreading of the species in Karnataka.

Two-capillary viscometer for temperatures and pressures relevant to CO2 capture, transport, and storage—operation and improved analysis at high pressure

High-pressure viscosity measurements are crucial for understanding CO2 transport and storage because CO2 is often transported as a supercritical fluid, at a high pressure and temperature above its critical point. In this study, we extended the operational range of our new two-capillary viscometer to handle pressures up to 20 MPa, focusing on the behaviour of CO2 at temperatures around 300 K. The analysis model is based on the low-pressure principle, which relied on virial descriptions of density and viscosity, proved inadequate under these conditions. Therefore, we introduced a modified hydrodynamic model as a function of density that is suitable for viscosity measurements at high pressure and liquid states. The modified model bypasses the need for a density virial correction. We conducted initial viscosity tests on pure CO2 at five isotherms: 280.01 K, 298.15 K, 300.01 K, 323.15 K, and 348.15 K to validate the performance of the new two capillary viscometer and the modified model at high pressures. The experimental viscosities agreed with the model predictions and comparable within the estimated uncertainty of the data. In addition, we thoroughly explained the calibrations and the analysis of uncertainty estimation. The uncertainty analysis showed a maximum extended combined uncertainty of 1.3% (k = 2) within all thermodynamic states—gas, liquid, and close to the critical region.

White matter alterations and their associations with biomarkers and behavior in subjective cognitive decline individuals: a fixel-based analysis.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is an early stage of dementia linked to Alzheimer's disease pathology. White matter changes were found in SCD using diffusion tensor imaging, but there are known limitations in voxel-wise tensor-based methods. Fixel-based analysis (FBA) can help understand changes in white matter fibers and how they relate to neurodegenerative proteins and multidomain behavior data in individuals with SCD. Healthy adults with normal cognition were recruited in the Northeastern Taiwan Community Medicine Research Cohort in 2018-2022 and divided into SCD and normal control (NC). Participants underwent evaluations to assess cognitive abilities, mental states,physical activity levels, and susceptibility to fatigue. Neurodegenerative proteins were measured usingan immunomagnetic reduction technique. Multi-shell diffusion MRI data were collected and analyzed using whole-brain FBA, comparing results between groups and correlating them with multidomain assessments. The final enrollment included 33 SCD and 46 NC participants, with no significant differences in age, sex, or education between the groups. SCD had a greater fiber-bundle cross-section than NC (pFWE < 0.05) at bilateral frontal superior longitudinal fasciculus II (SLFII). These white matter changes correlate negatively with plasma Aβ42 level (r = -0.38, p = 0.01) and positively with the AD8 score for subjective cognitive complaints (r = 0.42, p = 0.004) and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale score for the degree of anxiety (Ham-A, r = 0.35, p = 0.019). The dimensional analysis of FBA metrics and blood biomarkers found positive correlations of plasma neurofilament light chain with fiber density at the splenium of corpus callosum (pFWE < 0.05) and with fiber-bundle cross-section at the right thalamus (pFWE < 0.05). Further examination of how SCD grouping interacts between the correlations of FBA metrics and multidomain assessments showed interactions between the fiber density at the corpus callosum with letter-number sequencing cognitive score (pFWE < 0.01) and with fatigue to leisure activities (pFWE < 0.05). Based on FBA, our investigation suggests white matter structural alterations in SCD. The enlargement of SLFII's fiber cross-section is linked to plasma Aβ42 and neuropsychiatric symptoms, which suggests potential early axonal dystrophy associated with Alzheimer's pathology in SCD. The splenium of the corpus callosum is also a critical region of axonal degeneration and cognitive alteration for SCD.

From the XXZ chain to the integrable Rydberg-blockade ladder via non-invertible duality defects

Strongly interacting models often possess “dualities” subtler than a one-to-one mapping of energy levels. The maps can be non-invertible, as apparent in the canonical example of Kramers and Wannier. We analyse an algebraic structure common to the XXZ spin chain and three other models: Rydberg-blockade bosons with one particle per square of a ladder, a three-state antiferromagnet, and two Ising chains coupled in a zigzag fashion. The structure yields non-invertible maps between the four models while also guaranteeing all are integrable. We construct these maps explicitly utilising topological defects coming from fusion categories and the lattice version of the orbifold construction, and use them to give explicit conformal-field-theory partition functions describing their critical regions. The Rydberg and Ising ladders also possess interesting non-invertible symmetries, with the spontaneous breaking of one in the former resulting in an unusual ground-state degeneracy.

A two-capillary viscometer for temperatures up to 473 K and pressures up to 100 MPa—operation and verification at low pressure

In this paper, we described the design and construction of a new two-capillary viscometer with several novel technical solutions for viscosity and density measurements. Our design, which is based on the low-pressure principle, featured numerous improvements in hardware and procedure that allowed the greatly extended range of pressure. The new design adopted a (2 × 2) capillary configuration, utilizing different combinations of four capillaries to enable viscosity measurements with a wide range of flow rates, temperatures, and pressures. The design temperature range is 213 K–473 K, and the pressure range is up to 100 MPa. The viscometer was specifically designed for measuring the viscosity of pure CO2 and CO2-rich mixtures, addressing the scarcity of data in conditions relevant to carbon capture, transport, and storage. Our facility is capable of viscosity measurements in different thermodynamic states; gaseous, liquid, supercritical, and critical regions. A commercial densimeter is integrated to measure density under the same temperatures and pressures. We aimed for a total uncertainty target of better than 0.03%. The performance of the viscometer was validated by measurements with pure CO2 at 298.15 K and zero density. We observed a deviation of less than 0.03% between the reference viscosity of CO2 of this work and accurately calculated data using ab initio quantum mechanics with a standard uncertainty of 0.2%. Our primary focus in this paper was to provide a detailed description of the design and construction of the apparatus, emphasizing improvements and introducing new solutions to other research groups in constructing similar instruments suitable for low- and high-pressure viscosity measurements with high accuracy.

Effect of the global electroneutrality condition on electromigration Taylor-Aris dispersion in a microcapillary with finite Debye layer thickness.

In this work, the electromigration dispersion (EMD) due to the charged electrolytes in microchannels is considered without using the thin electrical double layer assumption. The electrokinetic flow and transport of ions are actuated within a rectangular micro-/nanochannel having a negative surface charge density under the influence of an external electric field. Due to the local variation of the conductivity and the nonvalidity of the electroneutrality condition, the local electric field varies as a function of the solute concentration, wall surface charge density, valency, and Debye layer length. The resulting electrokinetic flow due to the external electric field drives the fluid along with the charged species, where the Taylor-Aris dispersion separates the solutes into their different constituents. The local concentration dependence of the electric field leads to the formation of concentration profiles that are slightly asymmetric with respect to the standard Gaussian distribution. Including a finite Debye layer thickness has an effect on the advection of the species as well as the diffusion of the species. It is found that in cases where Debye layers are thicker, the species advects faster within the microchannel. This might give valuable insights into the nature of the EMD. Our model aims to predict the evolution of ionic concentration at all positions within the channel. A study of the higher-order statistics in skewness and kurtosis has also been conducted to obtain a better understanding of the idealized model consisting of a buffer solution.

Formation and transformation of critical modern rural architecture: the case of the Göl Village Institute Campus in Kastamonu, Türkiye

ABSTRACT Having emerged in the 1980s, the term 'critical regionalism' discusses the network of relations between the modern and the local by prioritizing the characteristics of the place. The ‘village institutes', which were established in the Anatolian rural landscape in the 1940s, were village teacher training schools that served the modernization movements in the Turkish rural scene and used local and traditional resources and knowledge for architecture and planning. Most of the planning and design projects for educational campuses were the result of 15 different national architectural competitions held between 1940 and 1943. This study discusses the dialectical relationship and transitions between modern planning approaches and local and rural architectural characteristics by utilizing the critical regionalist theory in the context of Göl Village Institute in Kastamonu. The spatial transformation of the institute’s campus, which is registered as cultural heritage and encapsulates a variety of values ranging from landscape to historical, cultural and architectural values, is discussed as a process that oscillates between critical regionalist approaches and building activities incompatible with the context. The study concludes that Göl Village Institute, which is hardly conserved despite its legal registration status as cultural heritage, implements unique modern planning and needs appropriate conservation interventions.

Density measurements of homogeneous phase fluid mixtures comprising CO2/methanol and CO2/ethanol binary systems and correlation with equations of state

Equations of state (EoS) are powerful tools for estimating a wide variety of physical properties. However, the applicability of parameter sets derived from specific physical properties for the correlation and estimation of various other physical properties has received limited attention. Additionally, the estimation of physical properties using EoS is anticipated to be affected by the association of molecules. The densities of homogeneous phase fluid mixtures comprising carbon dioxide (CO2)/methanol (MeOH) and CO2/ethanol (EtOH) binary systems were measured in the current study using a high-pressure vibration-type density meter equipped with a circulation pump and a variable-volume viewing cell. Homogeneity was ensured by observing the fluid through the viewing window of the variable volume cell. The measurements were carried out at a temperature range of 313–353 K, the CO2 mole-fraction range of 0–80 mol%, and at pressures up to 20 MPa. Subsequently, the as-obtained experimental data were correlated with two EoSs, viz. Sanchez-Lacombe (SL) EoS and Perturbed Chain statistical associating fluid theory (PC-SAFT) EoS. The density correlations between SL and PC-SAFT EoS were almost identical in accuracy. Additionally, the association between CO2 and alcohols in PC-SAFT EoS had no discernible effect on the reliability of the density correlations. The vapor liquid equilibria (VLE) of the CO2/MeOH and CO2/EtOH mixtures were further estimated using parameter sets determined from the density measurements. Both the EoSs demonstrated comparable estimation accuracy; however, the pressure was estimated primarily near the critical region of the mixture, which yielded a lower estimation accuracy. Additionally, the densities of the binary systems were determined using characteristic parameters derived from the VLE correlations. Of the EoSs, the PC-SAFT EoS yielded a good correlation of the VLE, including the region near the mixture's critical region, while taking the association between CO2 and alcohols into consideration. Although few of the correlations were observed to be inferior, the density of the homogeneous fluid mixture was accurately estimated using the two EoSs, with the parameters obtained from the VLE correlations. The findings of the study thus suggest that in order to estimate the density and VLE using EoS-shared parameters, the parameter sets must first be determined using a VLE that exhibits a wide range of conditions affected by the system's associations.

Comparative characteristics of the stem cells’ number in the stromal vascular fraction of infrapatellar fat pad and subcutaneous fat tissue

ObjectivesThe use of infrapatellar fat pad adipose stem cells (IPFP-ASCs) shows an age-independent proliferation and differentiation potential. In addition, the pronounced chondrogenic potential of IPFP-ASCs makes them promising candidates for research for use in other methods of regenerative therapy. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the presence and compare the relative abundance of cells exhibiting an immunohistochemical profile characteristic of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in selected samples of the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) obtained from the IPFP and subcutaneous fat tissue. MethodsA direct immunohistochemical study was carried out in serial paraffin sections of the SVF of the infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) and subcutaneous tissue, using monoclonal antibodies. The minimum criteria were established by the International Society for Cell Therapy to ensure the identity of mesenchymal stem cells use CD73, CD90, and CD105 as positive markers and CD34, CD31, and CD45 as a negative. ResultsAccording to the results of histological, immunohistochemical, morphometric, and statistical studies, it was found that in the SVF of IPFP and subcutaneous adipose tissue, the relative number of cells with the profile CD105+, CD73+, CD34+, CD31−, CD45− in the standard field of view (×200), the SVF of IPFP was 1.58%, whereas the SVF of subcutaneous adipose tissue was 6.92 %, which was statistically significantly greater by 4.38 times (p ​< ​0.05). ConclusionThe presence of a sufficient number of mesenchymal stromal cells in IPFP in combination with their topographic relationship with the structures of the joint determines the use of the SVF of the IPFP for the treatment of diseases of the knee joint. Level of evidenceIII.

Stochastic supervised networks for numerical treatment of Eyring–Powell nanofluid model with Darcy Forchheimer slip flow involving bioconvection and nonlinear thermal radiation

The aim of this study is to estimate the solution of Eyring–Powell nanofluid model (EPNFM) with Darcy Forchheimer slip flow involving bioconvection and nonlinear thermal radiation by employing stupendous knacks of neural networks-based Bayesian computational intelligence (NNBCI). A dataset for the designed NNBCI is generated with Adam numerical procedure for sundry variations of EPNFM by use of several variants including slip constant, Schmidt number, mixed convection parameter, Prandtl number, and bioconvection Lewis parameter. Numerical computations of various physical parameters of interest on EPNFM are estimated with artificial intelligence-based NNBCI and compared with reference data values generated with Adam’s numerical procedure. The accuracy, efficacy, and convergence of the proposed NNBCI to successfully solve the EPNFM are endorsed through M.S.E, statistical instance distribution studies of error-histograms, and assessment of regression metric. The proposed dataset exhibits a close alignment with the reference dataset based on error analysis from level E[Formula: see text] to E[Formula: see text] authenticates the precision of the designed procedure NNBCI for solving EPNFMs. The executive and novel physical importance of parameters governing the flow, such as nanofluid velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles, are discussed. The observations imply that the presence of the slip constant, mixed convection parameter and Lewis number influences the velocity of the nanofluid. However, it is observed that temperature of the nanofluid declines for higher values of Prandl number while the concentration of nanofluid improves with increasing values of Schmidt number.

Revisiting reachability-driven explicit MPC for embedded control

The real-time implementation of the explicit MPC suffers from the evaluation of the, potentially large, lookup table. The paper revisits the original approach and presents an efficient reachability-sets-driven-based explicit MPC method addressing this issue by splitting the look-up table into the set of the “relevant” subsets. Simultaneously, effective binary encoding is introduced to minimize the runtimes and the memory footprint. Further acceleration is achieved by introducing the “smart” order of the considered critical regions. Then, the significant real-time complexity reduction is ensured by online pruning and traversing the sorted lookup table associated with the optimal control law evaluation. Technically, the number of critical regions to be explored is reduced and the order is redefined to accelerate the point location problem and minimize the computational effort. While the optimality of the control law is still preserved, the cost that we need to pay for the accelerated point location problem lies in an additional offline computation effort and a minor increase in memory requirements of the underlying controller. The benefits of the proposed method are demonstrated using an extensive case study. The complexity reduction strategy was investigated on two fast-dynamic benchmark systems and the computational burden was analyzed by implementing the designed controllers on an embedded hardware.

Role of metabolic dysfunction and inflammation along the liver-brain axis in animal models with obesity-induced neurodegeneration.

The interaction between metabolic dysfunction and inflammation is central to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Obesity-related conditions like type 2 diabetes and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease exacerbate this relationship. Peripheral lipid accumulation, particularly in the liver, initiates a cascade of inflammatory processes that extend to the brain, influencing critical metabolic regulatory regions. Ceramide and palmitate, key lipid components, along with lipid transporters lipocalin-2 and apolipoprotein E, contribute to neuroinflammation by disrupting blood-brain barrier integrity and promoting gliosis. Peripheral insulin resistance further exacerbates brain insulin resistance and neuroinflammation. Preclinical interventions targeting peripheral lipid metabolism and insulin signaling pathways have shown promise in reducing neuroinflammation in animal models. However, translating these findings to clinical practice requires further investigation into human subjects. In conclusion, metabolic dysfunction, peripheral inflammation, and insulin resistance are integral to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Understanding these complex mechanisms holds potential for identifying novel therapeutic targets and improving outcomes for neurodegenerative diseases.