Critical Path Method Research Articles

Study of Rescheduling of MV Alfa Trans Satu Ship Repair Using Critical Path Method (CPM) and Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

Study of Rescheduling of MV Alfa Trans Satu Ship Repair Using Critical Path Method (CPM) and Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

Mastering Construction Schedules: The Power of CPM and Pert Integration

Abstract: Mastering construction schedules is a crucial task in project management, requiring a careful strategy for timely completion and overall success. This overview explores how Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) methods work together, highlighting the strength that comes from combining them. CPM, a certain method, focuses on putting tasks in order to find the critical path, which decides the project's duration. PERT, a method that considers uncertainties, provides a realistic view of timelines. Blending these methods creates a strong scheduling framework that balances certain and uncertain elements. This hybrid approach identifies critical paths, offering project managers a flexible scheduling model that adapts to uncertainties, helping them make more informed decisions. The abstract emphasizes the role of technology in integrating CPM and PERT, using computational power to seamlessly bring them together. Modern project management software automates critical path analysis, allowing real-time adjustments based on project conditions. This technology-driven integration is vital in today's project management. Moreover, the abstract highlights that CPM and PERT integration goes beyond traditional construction management, making it versatile for uncertain and dynamic projects, including research, development initiatives, and innovative construction. The adaptability of this integrated approach makes it valuable in various industries, indicating its broader impact on project scheduling. This overview outlines the core principles of the integration, demonstrating its practical use in addressing construction project management challenges. Embracing this integrated approach empowers project managers to navigate uncertainties, optimize resource use, and increase the chances of project success in a complex and dynamic environment.

Construction Delays Analysis in the Kampung Akuarium Flats Project, Penjaringan-Jakarta

<p class="Abstract"><span lang="EN-US">The most common impediment to project work is a delay in implementing work activities. Even though the completion time has been calculated, there are several influencing factors, such as natural factors that cannot be predicted, late material delivery, a lack of workers that are not optimal when doing project work, and insufficient funds. In this case, the construction project of the Kampung Akuarium flats in Penjaringan area of North Jakarta was delayed from both technical and non-technical. The objective of this study</span><span lang="EN-US"> is</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="EN-US">to identify the factors causing the project delays and the delay time of the project. This research was conducted by collecting data obtained and processed using Microsoft Project 2019 and the Critical Path Method (CPM) to help identify the problems. From the results that have been analyzed, critical paths include the structural work, finishing architecture 3rd floor, finishing architecture 4th floor, and finishing architecture 5th floor. If not completed immediately or delayed during implementation, the entire project schedule will be delayed. This has an effect where the initial contract plan was completed in 182 days to 259 days with a difference of 77 days or 11 weeks.</span></p>

Finding Bottlenecks in Message Passing Interface Programs by Scalable Critical Path Analysis

Bottlenecks and imbalance in parallel programs can significantly affect performance of parallel execution. Finding these bottlenecks is a key issue in performance analysis of MPI programs especially on a large scale. One of the ways to discover bottlenecks is to analyze the critical path of the parallel program: the longest execution path in the program activity graph. There are a number of methods of finding the critical path; however, most of them suffer a performance drop when scaled. In this paper, we analyze several methods of critical path finding based on classical Dijkstra and Delta-stepping algorithms along with the proposed algorithm based on topological sorting. Corresponding algorithms for each approach are presented including additional enhancements for increasing performance. The implementation of the algorithms and resulting performance for several benchmark applications (NAS Parallel Benchmarks, CP2K, OpenFOAM, LAMMPS, and MiniFE) are analyzed and discussed.

ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATION OF STRUCTURE WORK TIME USING CPM METHOD IN THE 57 NGANJUK HOTEL DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

Structural work is a major job in a project for the construction of high-rise buildings and other buildings, because the structure is a strengthening foundation of a building. In the Nganjuk Guest House 57 Hotel development project, it becomes a place to conduct research. Accelerating the duration of structural work on a schedule in a project is the beginning of an acceleration in other project work, because if structural work can be completed quickly, other work can also be completed earlier too. In this study, the acceleration of the schedule uses the CPM (Critical Path Method) method and with the help of Microsoft Project 2013 software which in this study aims to serve as a reference for contractors to work on the next project. Microsoft Project 2013 functions to make normal scheduling and determine work that is on a critical path, and the CPM method is a method of speeding up the duration of a job in a critical area. The data analysis carried out by the researchers was from the master schedule, RAB, and HSPK in 2022 which were then processed in such a way and with the help of Microsoft Project 2013. In the normal structural work duration data it was written for 246 days with a total overall construction cost of Rp. 15,881,406,908.69 and after acceleration with the CPM (Critical Path Method) method, acceleration is obtained for 81 days by adding 3 hours of overtime each day on critical work with an overtime fee of Rp. 211,214,347.45. Then the duration of the change is obtained to be 165 days with a processing fee of Rp. 16,092,621,256.14

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATION ALTERNATIVES FOR THE DRAINAGE CHANNEL PROJECT ON XYZ STREET USINGTHE TIME-COST TRADE-OFF (TCTO) METHOD

In response to the increasing occurrence of rain, the city government is actively striving to mitigate urban flooding by enhancing the drainage system. Collaboration with contracted construction firms is central to this endeavor, although it is not without its challenges, including community opposition driven by concerns over potential disruptions and limited financial resources among contractors. This study adopts the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Microsoft Project software, supplemented with the Time Cost Trade Off (TCTO) method to expedite project completion, emphasizing a comprehensive evaluation that encompasses both time and financial aspects. Notably, the analysis identifies the most feasible acceleration opportunity within the excavation of ordinary soil for construction, with original plans indicating a cost of Rp. 60,818,919 over a 40-day period. Three alternatives are considered: (1) overtime labor, incurring Rp. 65,520,000, with a 34-day duration; (2) increased workforce, incurring Rp. 68,000,000, with a 34-day duration; and (3) introducing a new addendum for the replacement of manual excavation with heavy machinery, incurring Rp. 37,440,000, with a 16-day duration. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive strategy for accelerating the urban drainage project, considering the critical path, time-cost trade-offs, and cost-benefit factors, highlighting the significance of selecting the most cost-effective alternative while addressing community concerns and resource limitations in flood risk mitigation efforts.

Process Improvement Analysis in Toll Corridor Development With Lean Six Sigma Approach

Toll Corridor Development (TCD) is one of the businesses conducted by PT Jasamarga Related Business as a follow-up to the issuance of Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum dan Perumahan Rakyat (PUPR) No. 28 of 2021. In the development of its first TCD project, Jasamarga Related Business (JMRB) encountered issues that resulted in the delay of the project's completion. The purpose of this research is to analyze and make improvements to the causes of delays in the Taman Mini Toll Corridor Development (TCD) project. In this research, the lean six sigma approach is used to analyze process improvements that can be carried out so that these problems can be minimized in the further development of TCD. To identify activities that cause delays in the implementation of this project, the Critical Path Method (CPM) concept was used and further analyzed based on the results of interviews with those directly involved in the development of TCD Taman Mini. From the activities that cause the delay, a causal analysis is carried out using a fishbone diagram, and then an analysis of possible improvements is carried out using a lean concept approach. Based on the analysis results, three main issues are identified, namely inadequate planning process, ineffective partner or consultant selection process and delays in construction completion. From the cause-and-effect analysis, it can be concluded that potential improvements can be made by implementing the concept of pull planning, improving the business process by reducing waste and enhancing value-added activities, establishing effective stakeholder management, and maximizing the use of technology-based applications to aid project control.

Research on the identification and formation mechanism of the main path of digital technology diffusion: Empirical evidence from China

The diffusion of digital technology has brought a subversive impact on the technological development of various industries, but the diffusion path and formation mechanism of digital technology in various industries have not been clear. In this paper, the patent data of 97 Chinese national economic industries from 2000 to 2019 were used to construct the citation network, and the Search Path Count (SPC) and critical path algorithm were used to identify the main path of digital technology diffusion among industries. This paper analyzes the formation mechanism of the main path of digital technology diffusion from four dimensions of technology characteristics by using exponential random graph model (ERGM). Through the identification of the diffusion main paths, it is found that the 13 digital technology diffusion main paths are disconnected and involve significant differences in technology fields, core technologies, major cities and institutions, possibly due to the influence of industry boundaries and industry heterogeneity. The results of the exponential random graph model show that technology combinatorial opportunity and technology proximity have significant positive effects on the formation of diffusion main path, while technical knowledge diversity and technical cooperative potential have significant negative effects on the formation of diffusion main path. In addition, the endogenous network structure variables have a significant positive impact on the formation of the main path of digital technology diffusion. These findings reveal the current trend and direction of China's digital technology development, which provides an important basis for technology developers and policy makers to choose the path of digital technology development, and provides effective guidance for traditional industries to grasp the development opportunities brought by digital technology.

Γ-robust optimization of project scheduling problems

In this paper, we investigate the problem of finding a robust baseline schedule for the project scheduling problem under uncertain process times. We assume that the probability distribution for the duration is unknown, but an estimate is given along with an interval in which this time can vary. At most Γ of the tasks will deviate from the estimated time.We present two approaches to solving this problem. The first approach treats the problem of determining the earliest guaranteed finish times and can be solved in polynomial time by an extension of the critical path method. The second is a two-stage approach that determines the baseline schedule in the first stage and an adaptation to the scenario in the second stage. We show strong NP-hardness of the second stage problem and introduce a novel formulation. From this formulation we derive an exact algorithm and three heuristics. A computational study on benchmark instances shows that the heuristics perform well on larger instances.

A multi-criteria decision-making model for analyzing a project-driven supply chain under interval type-2 fuzzy sets

Reviewing and integrating decisions in the supply chain and project management is crucial. This problem is known as a project-driven supply chain problem. By the growing dependency of project-driven companies on suppliers since they prefer to concentrate on their core and subcontracting processes, the project-based organization's dependence on suppliers has increased. A project-driven supply chain (PDSC) focuses on integrating project management activities into the supply chain. In this paper, a new model is presented for the integration of supply chain and project management decisions. Firstly, a new method is proposed to determine the resilience score of suppliers. This new model consists of three parts: the weighting of criteria, the weighting of experts, and the ranking of suppliers. To give weight to the experts, a new version of the combinative distance-based assessment (CODAS) method is presented based on the average and positive ideal concepts. Also, the importance of the criteria is specified by an expanded best-worst method (BWM). Computing the resilience score of suppliers is done through a developed CODAS method that is extended by the average and positive concepts. Furthermore, in order to consider the uncertainty of project-driven supply chain problems, interval type-2 fuzzy sets (IT2FSs) are used. Secondly, a new subtraction operation is defined to avoid producing negative in recursive critical path method (CPM) calculations in the IT2F environment. Also, the criticality score of the project's activities is defined. According to the criticality and resilience indexes of activities, suggestions are made to project management to prevent delays. Finally, a case study of hospital construction is solved to illustrate the strengths of the proposed model.

Repair Project Acceleration Strategy of Three Ship Units using Fuzzy Logic Analysis and Critical Path Method

Repair Project Acceleration Strategy of Three Ship Units using Fuzzy Logic Analysis and Critical Path Method

Project Acceleration By Time and Cost Optimization at PT. Dui Esa Unggul With CPM & Pert Method

Projects are activities that are temporary in nature, have deadlines, budgets, resources and have product specifications to be produced. The case study of this research is the Matarbari Throat Ring Unit-2 fabrication project carried out by PT. Dui Esa Superior . The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that cause project delays, and to find out how long the duration and the optimal cost for the project are. The methods used are FTA (Fault Tree Analysis), CPM (Critical Path Method), and PERT (Project Evaluation and Review Technique). The results of direct field observations and interviews, as well as analysis and evaluation using the FTA, CPM and PERT methods, obtained 19 basic event factors causing project delays, namely labor shortages, workers lack of understanding of drawings, bad weather / rain , and others. There are 9 basic event combinations or minimum cut sets, namely (D1*D2*D3), (D4*D5), (C3), (D6), (E1*E2), (E3*E4*E5), (F1 ), (F2*F3*F4), (F5*G1*G2). The optimal duration of the Matarbari Throat Ring Unit-2 project is 57 days from the normal 61 days with a 69.15% chance. The total optimal cost of the Matarbari Throat Ring Unit-2 project with the optimal duration is Rp. 127,772,400.

Nature of Project Management Found in Nature

This research’s urgency is evident from the growing gap between students’ expectations and what universities are able or willing to provide. The theoretical background is based on constructivist learning theories and a praxiological approach. The parallel group method laid the basis of this study design when comparing project management students from two universities, A and B. In addition, a specific pedagogical experiment in the forest was implemented at University A. The experiment lasted one academic year and included a total of 179 students. Work breakdown structure, the Critical Path Method, resource management, planning, manipulative business practices, and the role of team members were demonstrated in parallel with bees, ants, bumblebees, wolves, zombie mushrooms, squirrels and orangutans. Experimental intervention at University A has led to higher point scores on achievement tests compared to University B students and brought other remarkable findings, “aha” moments and answers to the assigned research questions: What key moments increase student engagement during the class (1), and what are the findings and recommendations for future project management pedagogy (2). This study combines quantitative and qualitative methods, including bio-mimicry analogies, parallel group technique, focus groups, action- and game-based learning, achievement test, and statistical tests.

Power system low delay resource scheduling model based on edge computing node

As more and more intelligent devices are put into the field of power system, the number of connected nodes in the power network is increasing exponentially. Under the background of smart grid cooperation across power areas and voltage levels, how to effectively process the massive data generated by smart grid has become a difficult problem to ensure the stable operation of power system. In the complex calculation process of power system, the operation time of complex calculation can not be shortened to the greatest extent, and the execution efficiency can not be improved. Therefore, this paper proposes a two-phase heuristic algorithm based on edge computing. In solving the virtual machine sequence problem, for the main partition and the coordination partition, the critical path algorithm is used to sort the virtual machines to minimize the computing time. For other sub-partitions, the minimum cut algorithm is used to reduce the traffic interaction of each sub-partition. In the second stage of the virtual machine placement process, an improved best fit algorithm is used to avoid poor placement of virtual machines across physical machine configurations, resulting in increased computing time. Through the experiment on the test system, it is proved that the calculation efficiency is improved when the coordinated partition calculation belongs to the target partition. Because the edge computing is closer to the data source, it can save more data transmission time than cloud computing. This paper provides an effective algorithm for power system distributed computing in virtual machine configuration in edge computing, which can effectively reduce the computing time of power system and improve the efficiency of system resource utilization.

An Improved Design of Absolute-value Detector by Using Optimized Ripple Adder

Absolute-value detector (AVD) is one of the most basic bit-operating devices, which compares the magnitude of two inputs. However, the traditional 4-bit AVD is not only time-consuming but also has a high energy consumption. This paper uses a hybrid design to optimize the 4-bit AVD by introducing an improved ripple adder in the absolute value extraction part, which then can be less energy-consuming and requires fewer transistors. The paper divides the design of AVD into an absolute value extraction part and a comparator. The input (2’s complement) can be positive or negative numbers in the absolute value extraction part. By observing the most significant bit (MSB) of the input, the design can determine the sign of input and output magnitude. For the comparator, this paper uses a logic of step-by-step comparison from the most to the least significant bits. Then, this paper finds the minimum delay of the design by critical path analysis and gate sizing. The final delay is set at 1.5 times its minimum. Device voltage optimization is applied for calculating the energy consumption. Finally, with 1.5 times the minimum delay, the energy consumption is 40% less than the consumption when the delay is the minimum.

Project Planning Application to Juice Production Using PERT/CPM Technique: A Case Study

Timely delivery of natural and fresh juice to its’ growing customers is the focus of SCUBED 100%. The CPM (Critical Path Method) and PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) techniques were applied in minimizing the expected time duration for juice production at SCUBED 100%. The current expected production time for a batch stood at 656.66 minutes. Modifications were made on the initial model to minimize the expected duration and after two modification processes, an estimated time duration of 458.33 minutes was realized, saving 198.33 minutes (about 3.3 hours) of production time. This study encapsulates the interplay of theoretical insights and practical implementation, confirming the potential of operational research and management techniques in designing real-world outcomes. SCUBED 100%'s journey towards operational excellence demonstrates the transformative potential of time optimization.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CRITICAL PATH METHOD (CPM) IN EDUCATIONAL PLANNING

<p style="margin: 0cm 0.65pt 0pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="letter-spacing: -0.05pt; font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 12pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-latin;">This study aims to describe the application of the Critical Path Method (CPM) technique in educational planning at SD Negeri 101777 Saentis. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, to explain the approach and method applied in the form of CPM techniques in educational planning. Obtaining data through observation techniques, interviews and document studies. The research data analysis technique uses data reduction (sorting), data presentation and conclusion drawing. Then, the data will be declared valid after being tested with data triangulation techniques, in the form of checking the data sources and data acquisition methods. The results of this study conclude that the empowerment of human resources (HR) and budget allocation for program financing at SD Negeri 101777 Saentis implement CPM effectively as an effort to prioritize and schedule madrasa programs in a measurable and precise manner. Supporting this, the madrasah also collaborates with various elements of society in assisting education planning at SD Negeri 101777 Saentis, starting from collaboration with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and government institutions.</span></p>

Evaluasi Penjadwalan Waktu Proyek Pembangunan Gedung Menggunakan Critical Path Method (CPM)

Buildings are the physical form of the results of construction work that are integrated with their place of domicile, partly or wholly located on and/or in the land and/or water which functions as a place for humans to carry out their activities, both for housing (residence), religious activities, business activities, social activities, culture, and special activities (Article 1 Number 1 Law Number 28 of 2002 Concerning Building Buildings). The success or failure of a construction project is influenced by three aspects, namely costs that do not exceed the budget, quality according to specifications and time according to the implementation schedule. The existence of project time scheduling is needed to complete the project in a timely manner using several methods. This study aims to create a network for building construction projects using the Critical Path Method (CPM) and identify any work activities from building construction projects that are on a critical path. Research data only consists of secondary data in the form of project time schedules and documentation photos. Based on the analysis, it is known that there are 11 types of work that are on the critical path network of the Abdul Manap Hospital Inpatient Building Development Project in Jambi City using CPM analysis, which consists of AA (Preparatory Work) – BA (Work on Structure 1st Floor) – BB (Work on Structure 2nd Floor) – BC (Work on Structure on 3rd Floor) – BD (Work on Structure on 4th Floor) – BE (Work on Structure on Floor 1) – DF (Installation of Dirty Water, Used Water & Vent) – DA (Work on Structures on 4th Floor) Air Conditioning work) – DO (Lightning Protection Work) – FF (Chopstick Work) – FG (Parking and Greening Work). The total duration/time of completion of all work on the critical path is 240 days.

Review on Potential Risks in Construction Process

Abstract: Risk assessment is an important part of project management in the construction industry. It includes identifying, identifying and mitigating risks that may affect project objectives. This article provides an overview of the various risk assessment methods used in the construction industry, from quantitative to fuzzy methods. This study introduces validation methods such as Monte Carlo simulation, sensitivity analysis, critical path analysis, fault tree analysis, tree analysis and failure models, effects and critical analysis. These versatile methods provide an overview of the likelihood of their occurrence and its impact on the objectives of the project, making them effective tools in the field. In addition, the article explores the idea of turbidity as a way to quantify the quality of certain risks in underground construction projects. Legislative frameworks and tools for assessing land development related issues that offer new solutions for risk management in complex situations are also discussed. Analysis pointed out that there is no single method of risk assessment that concerns all organizations and activities. In summary, risk assessment plays an important role in construction decision making, resource allocation and the development of risk mitigation strategies. Continuous research and development in this area will further refine and improve the risk assessment method, resulting in the overall success and sustainability of construction.

Penjadwalan Crew Change Tenaga Kerja Offshore Pada Instalasi Bawah Laut Menggunakan Pendekatan CPM dan PERT

Offshore facilities are exploration areas that can be removed on the beach from a geographical location. Offshore facilities are located offshore and far from land with different forms of construction and very limited space for workers, so that occupational safety and health factors are a top priority in implementing For this reason, it is necessary to pay attention to the proper scheduling and equitable replacement of crew so that activities carried out at Offshore Facilities can reduce the impact of offshore worker accidents. The Critical Path Method (CPM) identifies the critical path as a series of components for the total number of activities and indicates the longest time period with the fastest project completion. The critical path starts from the first activity to the last project. The critical path is important for implementation projects. Activities that are delayed on one track will cause a delay in the project as a whole. The estimated time used in CPM is only one that represents normal time (Kholil, et al, 2018). In carrying out a management project to get the critical path, use a parallel layout which is arranged proportionally by calculating the distance traveled. If the company is able to apply the Critical Path Method (CPM) method well, then the project can be completed in the right timeframe and can help the company in planning and controlling projects with more efficient time and costs. PERT (Program Evaluation and Technology Review) is a project management technique that uses three time estimates for each activity. The three estimation numbers, namely a (optimistic timeframe), b (pessimistic timeframe), and m (most likely timeframe). By carrying out the Rescheduling Process using the CPM and PERT Approaches, it can provide information and applications to complete the ongoing project schedule and which will be carried out at a later date besides indirectly contributing to cutting costs incurred in completing the project.