Critical Objective Research Articles

Artificial intelligence carbon neutrality strategy in sports event management based on STIRPAT-GRU and transfer learning

IntroductionWith the growing concern over carbon emissions and their impact on climate change, achieving carbon neutrality has become a critical objective in various sectors, including sports event management. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers promising solutions for addressing environmental challenges and enhancing sustainability. This paper presents a novel approach to developing AI-powered carbon neutrality strategies for sports event management.MethodsIn this research, we combine the STIRPAT model for analyzing the influence of population, wealth, and technology on carbon emissions in sports events with a GRU neural network for predicting future emissions trends and enhance the model's accuracy using transfer learning, creating a comprehensive approach for carbon emissions analysis in sports event management. ResultsOur experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach. The combination of the STIRPAT model, GRU neural network, and transfer learning outperforms alternative methods. This success highlights the model's ability to predict carbon emissions in sports events accurately and to develop effective carbon neutrality strategies. DiscussionThe significance of this research lies in its potential to empower sports event managers with a data-driven approach to carbon emissions management. By understanding the key drivers and leveraging AI for prediction and strategy development, the sports industry can transition towards greater sustainability and environmental friendliness. This paper contributes to the broader effort of mitigating carbon emissions and addressing climate change concerns across various domains, ultimately leading to a more sustainable future.

Національна стійкість України в умовах воєнного стану

On February 24, 2022, russia unleashed the first continental war in Europe in the 21st century, undermining the system of collective world security established after World War II. The aggravation of hostilities and the scale of the destruction of Ukrainian cities and critical infrastructure objects actualize the issue of national resilience research. The aim of the article is to substantiate the national resilience of Ukraine as a necessary condition for countering russian aggression, as well as to identify directions for its support. General scientific and special methods have been used: theoretical generalization, system analysis, systematization, statistical, grouping, and scientific abstraction. Ensuring national resi­lien­ce for Ukraine can be considered as a new stage of state building and restoration of sovereignty. National resilience determines the reaction of the state and society to internal and external challenges and threats. However, in the conditions of war, an important component in the development of national resilience is the international support of partner countries, which can satisfy the key needs of our state with their resources and diplomatic efforts. Such support includes the provision of humanitarian and military aid, financial assistance, and participation in international diplomatic efforts to negotiate a ceasefire and restore peace. The russian-Ukrainian war caused a series of global challenges that destabilized the international security environment. Key among them are: food, energy, humanitarian, security and environmental global challenges. Restoring global stability and countering new challenges is a common goal for all stakeholders. Using the Peace Fund’s approach to assessing the level of national resilience, the spheres of Ukraine’s national resilience were analyzed and its vulnerabilities were identified. The process of ensuring national resilience is multi-vector and requires careful planning and financing in all directions.

Comparison of Supervised Learning Algorithms on a 5G Dataset Reduced via Principal Component Analysis (PCA)

Improving the quality of service (QoS) and meeting service level agreements (SLAs) are critical objectives in next-generation networks. This article presents a study on applying supervised learning (SL) algorithms in a 5G/B5G service dataset after being subjected to a principal component analysis (PCA). The study objective is to evaluate if the reduction of the dimensionality of the dataset via PCA affects the predictive capacity of the SL algorithms. A machine learning (ML) scheme proposed in a previous article used the same algorithms and parameters, which allows for a fair comparison with the results obtained in this work. We searched the best hyperparameters for each SL algorithm, and the simulation results indicate that the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm obtained a precision of 98% and a F1 score of 98.1%. We concluded that the findings of this study hold significance for research in the field of next-generation networks, which involve a wide range of input parameters and can benefit from the application of principal component analysis (PCA) on the performance of QoS and maintaining the SLA.

Problems and Prospects of Implementing Assessment of the Level of Maturity of Cyber Security Processes of Critical Infrastructure Objects of the Energy Sector of Ukraine in Accordance with the NIST Cybersecurity Framework

Existing problems regarding compliance with requirements in the field of cyber security of Ukraine's critical infrastructure in the energy sector, prospects for the implementation of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework and ways to solve the identified problems are described. The Ukrainian legislative framework was analyzed and compared with European and American practices, and the issue of compliance with the requirements of the legislation of various jurisdictions was determined.

Locations of objects are better remembered than their identities in naturalistic scenes: An eye-tracking experiment in mild cognitive impairment.

Retaining the identity or location of decontextualized objects in visual short-term working memory (VWM) is impaired by healthy and pathological ageing, but research remains inconclusive on whether these two features are equally impacted by it. Moreover, it is unclear whether similar impairments would manifest in naturalistic visual contexts. 30 people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 32 age-matched control participants (CPs) were eye-tracked within a change detection paradigm. They viewed 120 naturalistic scenes, and after a retention interval (1 s) asked whether a critical object in the scene had (or not) changed on either: identity (became a different object), location (same object but changed location), or both (changed in location and identity). MCIs performed worse than CP but there was no interaction with the type of change. Changes in both were easiest while changes in identity alone were hardest. The latency to first fixation and first-pass duration to the critical object during successful recognition was not different between MCIs and CPs. Objects that changed in both features took longer to be fixated for the first time but required a shorter first pass compared to changes in identity alone which displayed the opposite pattern. Locations of objects are better remembered than their identities; memory for changes is best when involving both features. These mechanisms are spared by pathological ageing as indicated by the similarity between groups besides trivial differences in overall performance. These findings demonstrate that VWM mechanisms in the context of naturalistic scene information are preserved in people with MCI. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

ADVANTAGES OF IMPLEMENTING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN E-BUSINESS FOR CONSUMERS

In the contemporary e-business environment, the prioritization of great user experiences and exceptional customer service has emerged as a critical objective. This detailed investigation delves deeply into the tactics that provide the foundation for improving user interactions within digital platforms. This is an exploration of the dynamic landscape of digital commerce, highlighting the importance of design principles that prioritize user needs, advanced search capabilities, effortless navigation, and tailored customer assistance. The central focus of the paper is the crucial significance of user interfaces that include both intuitive qualities and a high level of responsiveness across diverse devices. The interfaces play a crucial role in fostering user engagement and cultivating consumer loyalty within the digital domain, serving as a fundamental basis for facilitating favorable interactions between businesses and their clients. E-businesses foster an inclusive and user-centric environment by providing mobile-friendly content and interfaces that accommodate a wide range of user requirements. This approach promotes user exploration, engagement, and retention. The subsequent analysis focuses on the development of site search mechanisms, emphasizing the transition from rudimentary keyword searches to sophisticated search algorithms, the introduction of faceted search options, the integration of visual search capabilities, the implementation of predictive search functions, and the increasing significance of voice search. These innovations operate in conjunction to transform the accessibility of items and services, improve the process of making purchases, and enhance overall user involvement. Users are able to easily find desired items, explore other options, and obtain pertinent information, all of which enhance the overall satisfaction and effectiveness of the e-commerce experience. The investigation ultimately penetrates into the realm of virtual assistants and chatbots, which are driven by artificial intelligence (AI). These digital entities provide both immediate assistance and a range of functionalities designed to improve the overall purchasing experience. Customers have the opportunity to get support, monitor their orders, stay informed about product availability, and participate in virtual trials for apparel or furniture, thanks to the implementation of augmented reality and virtual reality advancements. Fundamentally, these diverse techniques highlight the utmost significance of placing user-centricity, innovation in search and navigation, customization, and AI-driven support mechanisms at the forefront in order to provide seamless, captivating, and effective e-business experiences. In a continuously evolving digital environment, enterprises that use these components are more strategically positioned to fulfill user demands, foster client allegiance, and sustain their competitive advantage.

Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery-Optimized Knowledge-Based Radiotherapy Planning in Patients with Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

The left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery volume receiving 15 Gy (V15 Gy) has been associated with major adverse cardiac events and mortality in patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) treated with radiotherapy (RT). However, coronary arteries are not routinely contoured as standard-of-care and there is limited data describing coronary-sparing planning techniques. Our objective was to evaluate whether LAD-sparing could be improved compared to real-world plans using a commercial knowledge-based planning (KBP) software without clinically unacceptable tradeoffs to other critical organs at risk (OAR). Retrospective replanning analysis was conducted on 31 RT plans developed for patients with LA-NSCLC. Each case was manually replanned with volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) optimized for LAD V15 Gy sparing with a prescription dose of 60 Gy. The resulting plans were used to create an LAD-optimized KBP model. The model included both KBP-generated objectives and additional point objectives to meet LAD (V15 Gy < 10%), lung (V5 Gy < 60%, V20 < 30%, mean < 17 Gy), heart (mean < 20 Gy), spinal cord (D0.03cc < 45 Gy), esophagus (V60 Gy < 17%, mean < 34 Gy), and planning target volume (PTV; D95% = 100%). The LAD-optimized model was deployed to replan 33 additional VMAT plans for LA-NSCLC with prescription dose 60 Gy, delivered between 2018 and 2022. Dose constraints or objectives were only unmet with KBP when not met in the original plan. Descriptive statistics were used to compare dosimetric parameters between original and LAD-optimized KBP plans. For the 33 plans identified for LAD-optimized KBP replanning, the original plans had a mean LAD V15 Gy of 17.9% (standard error [SE], 3.9%), while the LAD-optimized KBP plans had a significantly lower mean LAD V15 Gy of 5.9% (SE, 1.9%; p = 0.031). There was no significant difference in mean heart dose between the original and LAD-optimized KBP plans (8.4 Gy [SE 6.6 Gy] vs. 7.3 Gy [SE 5.8 Gy]; p = 0.48). Of these 33 KBP plans, 42% (n = 14) had mean reductions in LAD V15 Gy from 40.5% (SE 4.3%) to 10.5% (SE 3.5%; p = 0.0002), with 9/14 now able to meet < 10%, without affecting other critical OAR objectives (p > 0.5 for lungs, esophagus, spinal cord). 45% (n = 15) originally had an LAD V15 Gy < 1%, which were unchanged using KBP (p > 0.3). Four plans (12%) had higher LAD V15 Gy in the KBP vs. original plan (2/4 still meeting < 10%), due to the model prioritizing other OARs to a greater degree. Improvements in LAD-sparing was achievable in more than 40% of plans without apparent clinically significant tradeoffs in other critical OARs and without corresponding change in MHD. This result underscores the importance of standard implementation of LAD contouring and dose constraints, particularly given the discordance between whole heart and LAD dose exposure.

Вопросы аудита информационной безопасности

Today, information security reigns in absolutely all areas of human activity. Security breaches always have consequences, but depending on the structure, they can be invisible, or vice versa, stop the activities of an organization or even a country. The issue of ensuring information security of critical information infrastructure facilities has become the most discussed today. The state and its regulators to develop many regulatory legal documents that contain requirements for the system of protection of critical information infrastructure facilities of various levels of significance. However, no one has ever created a single technique that would show the real state of information security of a critical information infrastructure object. As a result, both the organization and regulators see only a general picture of the state of the defense system, which in turn creates many vulnerabilities that an attacker can use to carry out an attack. As a result of the attack on the object of critical information infrastructure, harm can be done not only to organizations, but also to people, the work processes of the entire state can be violated. That is why the issue of creating such a methodology becomes not only relevant, but also necessary both for the internal control of the organization itself and for automating the work of regulators during the next inspections. The methodology will show not only a high-quality assessment of the state of the protection system, but also show the possible vulnerabilities of the organization that need to be closed to improve the effectiveness of all protection.

Crosslinked Collagen-Hyaluronic Acid Scaffold Enhances Interleukin-10 Under Co-Culture of Macrophages And Adipose-Derived Stem Cells.

The skin, the human body's largest organ, possesses a protective barrier that renders it susceptible to various injuries, including burns. Following burn trauma, the inflammatory process triggers both innate and adaptive immune responses, leading to the polarization of macrophages into two distinct phenotypes: the pro-inflammatory M1 and the anti-inflammatory M2. This dual response sets the stage for wound healing and subsequent tissue regeneration. Contributing to this transition from M1 to M2 polarization are human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), which employ paracrine signaling and inflammation suppression to enhance the remodeling phase. ASCs, when combined with biocompatible polymers, can be integrated into functional scaffolds. This study introduces an 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide-crosslinked (EDC-crosslinked) collagen-hyaluronic acid(Col-HA) scaffold assembled with ASCs, designed as a natural biomaterial device to modulate macrophage behavior in vitro under co-culture conditions. This innovation aims to improve wound healing processes. The EDC-crosslinked Col-HA scaffold favored the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines by ASCs, which indicated the M2 prevalence. In tissue engineering, a critical objective lies in the development of functional biomaterials capable of guiding specific tissue responses, notably the control of inflammatory processes. Thus, this research not only presents original findings but also points toward a promising avenue within regenerative medicine.

Оцінка наслідків застосування тактичної ядерної зброї на населення та інфраструктуру в районах ядерного вибуху

The article analyzes the process of formation and establishes the characteristics of the striking factors of a nuclear explosion of tactical nuclear ammunition with a power of 0.1 to 10 kt when damaging military facilities and the accompanying damage to the population of civilian communities and personnel of infrastructure facilities. Calculated are data on the parameters of air shock wave action zones, penetrating radiation flow, light pulse energy beam flow, and the dimensions of the zone of radioactive contamination of the area, which can create a negative impact on the population, residential buildings, personnel, and critical infrastructure facilities in the area of application of tactical nuclear weapons. It is shown that the zone affected by an air shock wave, depending on the type of explosion of tactical nuclear ammunition and its power, can reach a radius of up to 3100 m. Dangerous light pulse damage to the population and personnel located in the open area will be observed at a distance of 440 to 3700 m from the epicenter of the nuclear explosion. The negative impact of the penetrating radiation of a nuclear explosion on the population and personnel of critical infrastructure facilities will be observed at distances from 560 to 1300 m, depending on the type of explosion and the power of the tactical nuclear ammunition. The dimensions of the zone of radioactive contamination, in the case of the explosion of tactical nuclear ammunition, in which the most severe degree of radiation damage to the population and personnel of critical infrastructure objects will be observed, with their open location in the area, depending on the power and type of explosion, can reach from 1400 to 2600 m. And the zone in which it is necessary to carry out the priority immediate evacuation of the population can be from 3.4 to 44.0 km in the direction of the average wind. It was determined that the scale of radioactive contamination of the area will have the greatest values of the size of the areas of negative impact relative to other types of impressive factors of the nuclear explosion of tactical nuclear ammunition. In large areas of the regions adjacent to the area of application of the specified ammunition, a significant negative radiation effect will be created, which will require measures of radiation protection and evacuation of the population.

Typical errors in the design and adjustment of control systems in the energy sector

The article provides an overview of several typical problems of information security of critical infrastructure objects. The story is based on several real examples from the practice of setting up, operating and maintaining process automation systems in the electric power industry and the experience of designing, developing and implementing information security systems for technological segments of enterprises in different countries. The examples are described from a technical point of view with regard to the standards and methods used in the industry. Behind each of the examples given in the article is a real story of adjustment, implementation or study of an anomalous situation by the authors of the article. According to the authors, the imposed information security tools in production can, if used skillfully, help in detecting, and in some cases compensating for the shortcomings of control systems.

Mucosal Vaccines against Bacterial and Viral Pathogens

The mucosal membranes of the human body play a crucial role in the development, maintenance, and regulation of barrier functions and immune homeostasis, representing an integral component of the overall immune system. Mucosal vaccines elicit immune processes in the lymphoid tissue associated with the mucosal membranes. A critical objective of mucosal immunization is the identification of an antigen delivery vector capable of ensuring optimal vaccine efficacy. The authors of this article have conducted extensive research on the probiotic properties of enterococci over an extended period. They employ a safe and beneficial probiotic strain, Enterococcus faecium L3, as a delivery vector for vaccine antigens. Initially, the gene encoding the pathogenicity factor Bac, derived from group B streptococci (Streptococcus agalactiae), was successfully integrated into the genome of the probiotic strain E. faecium L3. Intravaginal, oral, and intranasal mucosal immunization methods utilizing the L3-Bac+ probiotic, which expresses antigenic determinants of pathogenic streptococci, were found to confer protection against bacterial infection in laboratory animals. Subsequently, recombinant technologies were refined, leading to the development of a universal method for incorporating a region of interest from the gene into the structure of the major pili protein gene of E. faecium L3. Using this technology, candidate vaccines against various infections, including Streptococcus pneumoniae, influenza A virus, and SARS-CoV-2 following the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic, have been obtained and tested. In this study, alongside the presentation of our own data, the challenges associated with utilizing recombinant probiotic bacteria as vectors for vaccine antigen delivery are discussed.

Distributed Coverage Control with Mobile Robots: A Potential Game Approach

The use of mobile robots in industrial applications has led to a demand for autonomous multi-robot systems with robust and distributed algorithms. A critical objective in such systems is coverage control, where a team of mobile robots need to respond to spatiotemporal events in a bounded region. Here, we address a specific coverage problem, where a group of mobile robots are tasked with responding to events by covering specific locations on two sides of a linear workstation. We formulate the problem as a game played by the mobile robots with well-designed player strategies, and we demonstrate that the resulting framework is a potential game based on equally shared utilities among the robots. The proposed framework is distributed and decentralized, allowing for anonymous identities and constrained sensing capabilities in the robots. A set of simulation studies verify our approach.

Hollow reversible kapok fibrous membranes with amphiphilicity, natural antibacterial properties, and biodegradability

The demand for exploring biodegradable materials that possess multiple functionalities is rapidly increasing. However, achieving a balance between multiple functional properties is a critical objective that presents a significant challenge. In this study, we have developed multifunctional fibrous membranes with a porous layered structure and high porosity fabricated using alkali-treated kapok fibers via a wet-laid web formation and hot-pressing technique. A noteworthy phenomenon has been observed wherein a fibrous membrane can recover up to 4.49 times its original thickness and restore its hollow structure after being soaked in water for 24 h. This exceptional behavior is attributed to the combined effects of hydration and structure in the kapok fibers. Additionally, the kapok fibrous membrane demonstrates amphiphilic properties, evidenced by contact angles below 42° for water and oil. Furthermore, the membrane exhibits degradation rates of 17.91 % and 74.14 % after 15 and 30 days, respectively. The presence of associated substances and the unique hollow structure inherent in kapok fiber contribute to the outstanding antibacterial efficacy of the fibrous membrane, demonstrating a remarkable inhibition rate of 94 % and 95 % against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. This innovative approach enables the production of versatile biodegradable fibrous membranes with the potential to be utilized in various environmentally-conscious applications, particularly in personal protection and human health.

ALGORITHM FOR APPLICATION OF METHODS FOR DETECTING CENTRAL SIGNS OF AN EMERGENCY SITUATION DUE TO FIRE AT CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES

The work is devoted to the solution of an actual scientific task in the field of civil protection, namely, the development of an algorithm for the application of the technique of detecting focal signs of an emergency situation due to a fire at critical infrastructure facilities. Recommendations for the practical application of the methodology as the basis of the method of non-destructive control of the processes of preventing emergency situations due to a fire of a terrorist nature at the objects of critical infrastructure of Ukraine are given. the algorithm for the application of the method of detecting focal signs of an emergency situation due to a fire at critical infrastructure facilities consists of three procedures, namely: procedures for conducting measurements at a critical infrastructure facility, procedures for statistical processing of measurement results, fire reconstruction procedures. The received general recommendations of the fire reconstruction procedure can be reduced to the following. In particular, we note that the value of the electrical resistance of soot is related to the mode of combustion in one or another zone. If this value, which was measured directly above the investigated area, exceeds 10101011 Ohm, then this indicates that there was no intense flame burning in this area, but the burning took place in the form of smoldering. Long-term smoldering of a fire load in conditions of insufficient air exchange can lead to the formation of a thick layer of greasy soot on the ceiling and in the upper part of the walls, sometimes with clear drops of the liquid phase or drop-like spots. This can be observed in small rooms and other volumes that are not ventilated. If the combustion moves from such premises to a larger space with better air exchange, and a flaming combustion occurs, then the formed electrical resistance pattern will mainly reflect the development of flaming combustion. The source of the fire may appear in the form of soot burning or extremely low values of its electrical resistance, or vice versa, in a rather thick layer of soot with a high content of extractive substances. Thus, the interpretation of the results of the measurement of electrical resistance must be accompanied by an analysis of the specifics of the volume-planning decisions of the building (room), the conditions of air exchange, and the distribution of the fire load. The obtained results of the soot research can be used within the framework of fire engineering expertise to reconstruct the process of the occurrence and development of combustion, including to establish the center of the fire. Keywords: emergency situation, critical infrastructure object, technique, focal signs, thermal damage.

Meaningful objects avoid attribute amnesia due to incidental long-term memories

Attribute amnesia describes the failure to unexpectedly report the attribute of an attended stimulus, likely reflecting a lack of working memory consolidation. Previous studies have shown that unique meaningful objects are immune to attribute amnesia. However, these studies used highly dissimilar foils to test memory, raising the possibility that good performance at the surprise test was based on an imprecise (gist-like) form of long-term memory. In Experiment 1, we explored whether a more sensitive memory test would reveal attribute amnesia in meaningful objects. We used a four-alternative-forced-choice test with foils having mis-matched exemplar (e.g., apple pie/pumpkin pie) and/or state (e.g., cut/full) information. Errors indicated intact exemplar, but not state information. Thus, meaningful objects are vulnerable to attribute amnesia under the right conditions. In Experiments 2A-2D, we manipulated the familiarity signals of test items by introducing a critical object as a pre-surprise target. In the surprise trial, this critical item matched one of the foil choices. Participants selected the critical object more often than other items. By demonstrating that familiarity influences responses in this paradigm, we suggest that meaningful objects are not immune to attribute amnesia but instead side-step the effects of attribute amnesia.

Alsace in Algeria and the Notion of ‘Failure’ in Settler Political Culture, c. 1870–1960

AbstractThis article explores a key trope in the history of French colonial Algeria: the idea of the colony as a failure. The focus is on the resettlement of Alsatians and Lorrainers in Algeria in the aftermath of the Franco-Prussian War. What started as a wave of nationalist elan that sought to rebuild the lost provinces in France’s largest colony soon became the object of criticism and controversy, depicted by contemporaries from early on as failure. While this perceived failure was itself a colonial category – the failure to recruit settlers, expulse Algerians, and seize land – it tells us a great deal about the political culture of the colony. How was this resettlement project conceived? What visions of colonization and colonial settlement were projected upon it? And what mechanisms of coercion, dispossession, and violence did different colonial players seek to deploy? Through these questions, this article seeks to demonstrate that the verdict of ‘failure’ by settlers and lobbyists did not emerge in hindsight but was rather the product of the inherent tension between the sheer force that was necessary to seize the land and the metropolitan attempt to establish in the colony a form of unequal yet standardized civilian governance.

Ensuring information security of critical infrastructure objects as a component to guarantee Ukraine’s national security

The purpose of the article is to define and justify the conceptual foundations of the implementation of the state policy on ensuring the information security of critical infrastructure objects, as a component of guaranteeing the national security of Ukraine. The methodological basis of the study was a set of general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge: dialectical-phenomenological, systemic analysis and synthesis, structural-functional, deduction and induction, etc. According to the results of the research: the author's definition of the concepts «information security of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine» and «threats to information security of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine» was formulated; the elements of the system of threats to the information security of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine are identified; the factors leading to the emergence of threats to critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine are singled out and groups of basic measures aimed at countering traditional and new threats to the information security of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine are formulated.

Аналіз кадрового складу підприємств та організацій критичної інфраструктури в умовах пандемії та військових дій

This study is dedicated to the analysis of the personnel composition of critical infrastructure enterprises and organizations in the conditions of the pandemic and hostilities. The aim of this study was to analyze the staffing of critical infrastructure enterprises and organizations in the conditions of the pandemic and hostilities and to determine the factors affecting it. The works of Ukrainian and foreign scientists, as well as regulations and statistical data on this issue, have been analyzed. The article analyzes the essence of the category "personnel administration" in the dimensions of the management object – critical infrastructure objects – including current problems of the recruiting process through normative and legal acts, the personnel composition of civil servants at CI enterprises is analyzed, and a forecast of the state is provided vacancies in the total amount of employed workers in critical infrastructure facilities in 2023, recommendations for improving the motivational system during martial law in Ukraine and the consequences of the pandemic situation in the world have been considered, and factors affecting the activities of CI during martial law have been determined.

ECONOMIC MEASURES FOR MANAGING CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES IN UKRAINE

Purpose. This article defines the variety of economic measures for the management of critical infrastructure objects. Attention is paid to their nature and characteristics, and it is shown how they affect the area under study. The object of the article is social relations arising in the spheres of critical infrastructure. The subject is economic measures of management of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine Economic measures of management of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine. Research methods are a system of ways of knowledge that allow to determine the concepts, types and characteristics of economic measures of critical infrastructure. A system of general and special scientific methods of knowledge was used in writing the article. It is about the dialectical method (used during the characterisation of the content of economic methods of public administration of critical infrastructure objects), the grouping method (used during the study of specific types of economic methods of public administration of critical infrastructure objects), the comparative legal method (it helped to compare economic methods of public administration of critical infrastructure objects), the method of documentary analysis (used to confirm the provisions on the facts of application of economic methods of public administration of critical infrastructure objects), the method of analysis (played a significant role in the formulation of the position and conclusions on the researched issues as declared in the article topic). The practical implications are that critical infrastructure facilities are of particular importance for the independence, economic stability and development of the state. The value/originality lies in the fact that the author gives the concept of economic measures of management of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine and distinguishes their types. Examples of ineffective application of economic measures in the field of critical infrastructure are given. Results. The system of economic measures for the public administration of critical infrastructure objects requires attracting huge funds both from the state budget of Ukraine and from local budgets, as well as from the private sector – operators of critical infrastructure objects. Economic measures, depending on their result and impact on critical infrastructure objects, are divided into 1) those that have a positive meaning, i.e., ensure their development and protection, and 2) negative, i.e. those that contribute to the removal of critical infrastructure objects from the competence of the state and negatively affect their condition and controllability. In addition, the types of economic measures of management of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine are: 1) categorisation of critical infrastructure objects; 2) assessment of the need to improve their protection and security; 3) involvement of private partnership in the development and modernisation of critical infrastructure facilities; 4) stimulation of sectoral bodies in the reconstruction and modernisation of critical infrastructure facilities; 5) planning measures to ensure the stability and protection of critical infrastructure facilities; 6) privatisation; 7) monopolisation.