Critical Land Research Articles

Plant Success Rate in Program Forest and Land Rehabilitation in Unity Batutegi Forest Management

Forest and Land Rehabilitation is one of the right solutions to overcome the problem of critical land. Efforts to overcome critical land are difficult to obtain in a short time to return the situation to its original state, but efforts are being made by the government to overcome the existence of critical land and the expansion of critical land, including through land conservation and reforestation. This study aim to determine the success of plants in a forest and land rehabilitation program in the village of Datar Lebuay in the Air Naningan district of Tanggamus regency. The study was carried out in June 2021. Field data collection was carried out by making plots using the Systematic Sampling with Random Start method, namely the first plot was made randomly and the next plots were made systematically. Sampling Intensity (IS) is 5%. The results showed that the success rate of RHL activities with a percentage of life was 79.74% which was classified as successful. Factors that are thought to influence the low success rate of plants are the condition of the planted seeds that are already in a damaged state and the planting season is not right.

Increased Production Of Corn (Zea Mays, L) Varieties Lamuru, Bisma, Sukmaraga In Marginal Critical Land With The Use Of Cow Manure In North Aceh Regency

This study aims to determine the technique of increasing the production of corn (Zea mays, l) varieties of lamuru,bisma, sukma raga with marginal critical land with the use of cow manureby North Aceh District. This research was carried out from June to November 2021, at the West Reuleut Gampong Garden, Muara Batu District, North Aceh Regency. This study used a 3 x 2 randomized block design and replicated 3 times. The first factor is varieties with 3 levels, name-ly: Bisma, Lamuru, and Sukmaraga varieties. The second factor is cow manure with 2 levels, namely 15 tons/ha and 20 tons/ha. Parameters observed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, time of flower emergence, cob length, cob weight, length without cob, weightwithout cob, and weight of 1000 seeds. The results showed that the treatment of severalvarieties showed a very significant effect on almost all of the observed variables. The use of bisma varieties showed the best growth. The use of cow manure 15 tons/ha also gives the bestgrowth on almost all variables.

Dampak program perhutanan sosial terhadap pertumbuhan usaha dan deforestasi: bukti empiris dari Indonesia

Since 2015 the Government of Indonesia has targeted ​​12.7 hectares land reform through the social forestry program (SFP).This paper traces village SFP beneficiaries and compares them to villages that have forests that did not receive SFP on the three islands of Sumatra, Kalimantan and Sulawesi in Indonesia. The empirical analysis used the Instrumental variable method and in-depth interviews. The findings of this study indicate that the existence of SFPs has not had a significant impact on the growth in the number of businesses and deforestation in both protected and production forests zone. The reason due to limited land due to restrictions on post-determination of social forests, the entrepreneurial capacity of forest managers, not yet integrated SFP with village programs, and low capital and utilization of forest product processing technology. Meanwhile, SFPhas not yet had an impact on deforestation because of the low quality of forest management planning and policy interventions related to forest planting in critical land that hasn’tbeen optimal yet.

Urban form planning and tsunami risk vulnerability: Analysis of 12 Chilean coastal cities

Urban form has a significant impact on risk. Spatial planning instruments can optimize urban form in areas exposed to hazards. This work discusses how urban planning instruments, specifically Communal Regulatory Plans (CRPs), affect vulnerability to the risk of tsunami inundation in Chilean coastal cities. We analyze urban form and address exposure, susceptibility, and response capacity parameters. Exposure is evaluated by comparing existing and planned densities and to what extent planned risk areas coincide with inundation zones. We analyze existing critical facilities and land uses permitted by the CRP in inundation zones to evaluate susceptibility. We explore response capacity through the street network connectivity and green areas outside the inundation zone and how CRPs influence the structuring of new roads and new green spaces. We found that CRPs do not hold the sufficient capacity to incorporate and manage the tsunami inundation risk adequately. The planning scenario leads to a systematic increase in vulnerability as cities develop in exposed areas. We suggest to strengthen CRPs capacities to prevent the construction and reconstruction of areas affected by tsunamis, reinforcing the urban fabric’s potential for evacuation, and to strengthen joint work between municipal urban planning and disaster risk management departments, among other recommendations.

COMPARISON OF CONSUMPTIVE WATER ON CONVENTIONAL AND SEMI ORGANIC METHOD POTATO CULTIVATION

Recently climate change has become a complex issues which have relation with many problems in the world, one of them is food security. Based on these problems, we need alternative food resources which have high productivity characteristic. Besides that, such resource should be able to be grown in critical and limited land. Microalgae as an alternative food resource give us a hope to have sustainable food resource in the future. Microalgae can grow up fast and do not need wide and fertile land. In other hand, Microalgae culture that can be performed in outdoor, especially Spirulina fusiformis, faced issues like expensive cost culture and the high intensity of sun light in field. Based on these problems, the research was conducted for develop cheap flat Photobioreactor (plastic) which is equipped by sun light filter system. The objective of this research is to find out the percentage of sun light filtering that can give high productivity and high protein content. The method used was experimental method, using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments (percentage of the filtering by sunlight 0%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%. ) and four replications.. Parameters measured were growth, levels of protein, pH, temperature, and light intensity. Research results showed filter sun light treatment influential real against productivity S. fusiformis. The highest productivity is obtained at 50% filter sun light tretament (F5), in the amount of 0.063 g/L/day. The highest protein content obtained at 70% sun light filtering treatment, which is equal to 49.83 %.

HUBUNGAN SIFAT FISIK TANAH TERHADAP KERUSAKAN TANAMAN CEMPEDAK PADA LAHAN REHABILITASI DAERAH ALIRAN SUNGAI (DAS) DESA TIWINGAN LAMA KABUPATEN BANJAR

Watershed rehabilitation lands are generally critical land. Planting is done there need to be evaluation of growth and health of plants. The purpose of this research is to analyze and evaluate the growth of tolerant crops that are Cempedak (Artocarpus integer) and Durian (Durio Zibethinus) as well as analyzing the amount of health of plants and the percentage of tolerant crops in the rehabilitation Tiwingan Lama Banjar District. The research method is performed purposive random sampling with 9 plot samples of each type of plant. The plot of research used is a circular plot measuring 7.94 meters. The percentage of life of the plant is calculated from the number of plants that live at the time of research divided the total number of plants in the early planted. Collection of identification data of plant health status is done by FHM (Forest Health Monitoring) method. The percentage of life of the plant is tolerant of the Watershed rehabilitation land for the Cempedak of 68.17% and for the type of durian 62.62% which is entered into medium category. Growth of the best Cempedak plant at the age of ± 4 years in the slope 26-45% have a volume increments of 0, 0116M3/year and the growth of the best durian plants in the slope of 16-25% with a volume increments 0.0587 m3/year. The health value of the tolerant plant to 3 (three) classes of slope indicating health with a healthy classification with mild damage.

Penerapan Metode K-Means Dalam Mengelompokkan Persebaran Lahan Kritis Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Provinsi

The study aims to group the distribution of critical land in Indonesia by province. To solve this problem, researchers applied the K-Means Algorithm method. Where the source of research data is collected based on documents - documents of Information on The Extent and Dissemination of Critical Land By Province produced by the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The data used in the study was data from 2011, 2013 and 2018 consisting of 34 provinces. Data will be processed by clustering in 2 clusters, namely clusters of high critical land distribution rates and clusters of low critical land distribution rates. The high cluster amounted to 4 data, namely the provinces of North Sumatra, Jambi, East Java, and Central Kalimantan. With the conduct of research can contribute in improving the performance of Balai Pengelolaan Daerah Aliran Sungai dan Hutan Lindung (BPDASHL) on the process of fixing and tackling critical land in the provinces in Indonesia.

Socio-Economic Characteristics of Agroforestry System in Village of Batulubang Region of Sorong, West Papua

Increased deforestation and critical land in West Papua Province is caused by the diversion of land and other illegal activities. One of the programs launched by the government of Sorong Regency is the involvement of the community in re-greening the forest area through agroforestry activities. This study aims to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the participants of the agroforestry program in the Batulubang village of Sorong regency. The method used in this research is descriptive method with interview technique and field survey. The research results show that the agroforestry participant community is generally in the age of productive work. The level of community education is moderate, and the land area for the agroforestry system farming is reasonable. The plant species are Lawang wood (Cinnamomum culilawan), Merbau (Intsia bijuga), Matoa (Pometia pinnata), Durian (Durio zibethinus), Rambutan (Nephelium lappacelum), besides crops. The contribution of agroforestry products increases the income of the community.

Field-scale soil moisture estimation using sentinel-1 GRD SAR data

Soil moisture is a critical land variable that controls the energy and mass balance in land–atmosphere interactions. Spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) sensors offer an efficient way to map and monitor soil moisture because of their sensitivity towards the dielectric and geometric properties of the target. In addition, SAR acquisitions are weather-independent, providing a significant advantage over optical imaging during periods of cloud cover. However, vegetation cover makes these processes more complex and influences the interaction of SAR backscatter resulting from combined soil matrix and vegetation cover. Therefore, using SAR data, it is necessary to compensate for vegetation contribution in total backscatter while estimating soil moisture over the vegetated soil surface. This study presents a technique that utilizes a vegetation index derived from SAR data to generate high-resolution soil moisture maps. It is noteworthy that this proposed soil moisture retrieval method uses only the dual-polarimetric Ground Range Detected (GRD) SAR product, i.e., only backscatter intensities. Hence, the proposed method has a high potential for operational soil moisture monitoring globally. We validated over 34 soil moisture stations of the Texas Soil Observation Network (TxSON) using time-series Sentinel-1 SAR data. The Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values for estimated volumetric soil moisture are within the range of 0.048 m3 m−3 to 0.055 m3 m−3 with the Pearson correlation coefficient r>0.79. The code to generate DpRVIc in Google Earth Engine is available at: https://github.com/Narayana-Rao/dual_pol_descriptors.

Site selection for the development of organic farming for conservation purposes in the upstream of Air Bengkulu watershed, Bengkulu

Awareness of the dangers posed by the use of synthetic chemicals in farming attracts attention. The development of organic agriculture requires a suitable location. However, sometimes, suitable land is very limited. This study aims to select the site for the development of organic agriculture, as well as to function in overcoming the existence of critical land, especially in the Upstream of Air Bengkulu Watershed, Bengkulu. The research method carried out is by compiling a Map of Conservation Activity Plan (CAP) based on a model developed by the then Ministry of Environment and Forestry. Maps used for input to CAP are EHL (Erosion Hazard Level), Soil Depth, Slope, Population Pressure, and the Recommended Landuse. From the CAP Map, the sites that are estimated to be used for organic farming development locations will be obtained. Results show that the sites for CAP to support organic farming is divided, broadly, into 2 categories: (1) mixed cultivation, minimum tillage, planting of ground cover, management of organic matter and application of agroforestry covers 9.32% in Semidang Lagan and Karang Tinggi District, and (2) mixed cropping, minimum tillage, ground cover planting, organic matter management, permanent vegetation and application of agroforestry covers 38.79% in Taba Penanjung District, Bajak Dua, Jambu and Rindu Hati Village. While 51.89% of the study area in Taba Penanjung District should be used for protected area.

SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURAL PLANNING IN ORDER TO SUPPORT FOOD SECURITY (FOOD ESTATE) IN THE TIMANG GAJAH SUB-WATERSHED, BENER MERIAH REGENCY

Good watershed management is the rational use of natural resources in the watershed to obtain maximum production in unlimited time, minimize the danger of damage (land degradation), and obtain an even water yield throughout the year. Timang Gajah sub-watershed with an area of 35,859.26 ha is one of the sub-watersheds of the Krueng Peusangan watershed. According to the results of research by Akbar et al. (2020), the Timang Gajah sub-watershed is included in the sub-watershed that needs to be restored. Judging from the critical land area, the Timang Gajah sub-watershed consists of very critical 2,398.47 ha, critical 23,989.87 ha, moderately critical 6,402.59 ha, potentially critical 3,063.97 ha and not essential 4.36 ha (BPDASHL, 2020). This shows that the Timang Gajah sub-watershed needs serious handling in its management. The purpose of this study is to develop a plan for sustainable use of agricultural land in the Timing Gajah sub-watershed that can reduce the rate of erosion (erosion < ETol) a decent income for each farmer (income > KHL). The cropping pattern planned in this study is a cropping pattern that supports food security (Food Estate). The research method that will be used in this research is a survey method which consists: 1) the preparation stage, 2) the preliminary survey stage, 3) the main survey stage and 4) the data analysis stage and the presentation of the results. The results showed that the predictive value of erosion obtained on mixed garden land use (SPL 2, 5, 12, 13 and 18) ranged from 18.70 - 103.81 tons/ha/year, while the ETol value ranged from 14.97 - 33.27 tons/ha/year. The predictive value of erosion on plantation land use (SPL 15) is 56.36 tons/ha/year, and the ETol value is 28.42 tons/ha/year. Meanwhile, the predicted erosion value for scrubland use (SPL 8, 9, 10, 11, 16 and 17) ranged from 23.81 - 73.67 tons/ha/year and ETol values 14.01 - 27.72 tons/year. Ha/year. The recommended intercropping pattern at the research location, especially in mixed garden land use, is potato and corn (A1) plus other businesses (livestock), potato and soybean (A2) intercropping, potato and peanut intercropping. Green (A3), intercropping of potato with chilli (A4) and monoculture potato plus other livestock business (A5) generate net income above decent living income for local farmers (Rp 66.400.000 / household/year).

Knowledge-guided land pattern depiction for urban land use mapping: A case study of Chinese cities

Accurate urban land-use maps, which reflect the complicated land-use pattern implied in the function and distribution of land-cover types, play an important role in urban analysis. In recent years, data-driven deep learning-based land-use mapping methods have made great breakthroughs due to their strong feature extraction ability. Meanwhile, multisource geographic data, such as open street map (OSM), has been applied in land-use mapping with high spatial resolution remote sensing (HSR) imagery. Nevertheless, given the intraclass visual inconsistency and interclass label ambiguity, there are enormous challenges in OSM-based land-use pattern depiction: 1) the significant size variability of land-use parcel generated by OSM; 2) the weak interpretability of the data-driven based features; and 3) the neglect of intrinsically hierarchical and nested relationships between land-cover and land-use. In this paper, to bridge the “knowledge gap” for urban land-use mapping, a knowledge-guided land pattern depicting (KGLPD) framework is proposed. The proposed KGLPD framework mainly contains four parts. Land-use parcels with various scales are generated based on OSM. An adaptive gradient perceptive (AGP) mechanism is proposed to provide patch distribution prior knowledge for guiding the data-driven based visual feature extraction. To effectively cognize the layout of different land-cover types as the knowledge-driven information, a land pattern cognitive (LPC) model is designed to capture the inner and outer relationships (i.e., direction, distance and co-frequency) of different land-cover types. The fully sparse topic model (FSTM) is then used to extract the critical land pattern information from the data-driven and knowledge-driven information. Four typical Chinese urban cities are selected to evaluate the proposed framework. Experimental results on three cities with four regions of distinctive characteristics in different years, have achieved high classification accuracies of about 80%, with 10% improvement compared with other methods. This demonstrates the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed knowledge-guided urban land use mapping framework. Experimental results on the whole city of Shenzhen in China imply that the proposed framework perform well with small training samples. The results on different cities validate the generalizability and transferability of KGLPD. The typical land-use maps and the corresponding land-cover maps help understanding the relationship between them.

Location Determination of Critical Land Indicative as Basis for Forest and Land Rehabilitation in Merawu Watershed, Banjarnegara District

Some of the socio-economic benefits provided by the watershed are providing timber and non-timber forest products for the society, as a provider of water needs, as a provider of agricultural land, and others. However, due to intensive management and not implementing the principle of sustainability. Currently, the Merawu watershed is experiencing damage in terms of the criticality of the land. This research is categorized as renewable research related to the determination of critical land. Because, this study used data based on land problems. After combining the map of land susceptibility and map of critical land, an indicative map of critical land is obtained which shows the location with criticality factors. The Critical Land Indicative (CLI) location is indicated by its factors, namely the CLI for the erosion factor has an area of 734,56 ha, the CLI for the critical land factor has an area of 32,73 ha, the CLI for the slope factor has an area of 5.333,64 ha, the CLI for the critical land and erosion factors has an area of 2.247,78 ha, CLI of slope and erosion factors has an area of 4.114,30 ha, CLI of slope and critical land factors has an area of 18,17 ha, CLI of slope and shallow soil factors has an area of 175,87 ha, CLI of slope, critical land, and erosion factors has an area of 9.277,03 ha, CLI for slope, shallow soil, and erosion factors has an area of 558,84 ha, CLI for slope, shallow soil, and critical land factor has an area of 12,76 ha, and CLI for slope, shallow soil, critical land, and erosion factor has an area of 61,35 ha. The existence of an indicative map of this critical land can be used as a basis for consideration in planning forest and land rehabilitation activities.

The diversity of Pteridophytes in pepe watershed Surakarta polluted by household waste

Pepe River is one of the Bengawan Solo with a reasonably high level of water pollution due to the habit of the surroundings in throwing garbage into the river. Plants that can survive in polluted land conditions have a high tolerance level, called pioneer plants. One of them is ferns (Pteridophyta). This study aims to identify the type, abundance, Important Value Index (IVI), and index Diversity of pteridophytes plant diversity in the Pepe Watershed. The method used in this research is descriptive quantitative using the quadrat sampling technique method with a 1x1 meter plot. The sampling technique is using purposive sampling. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively and quantitatively. Analysis of diversity index data (H’) by Shannon-Wiener. Based on the results of the study found eight species of ferns from 5 families. There are Pteris vittata, Pteris biaurita L., Adiantum lunulatum Burm.fil., Adiantum latifolium Lam., Adiantum hispidulum Sw, Marsilea crenata C. Presl, Microlepia speluncae (L.) T. Moore, and Asplenium scandicinum Kaulf. This diversity is included in the medium category with H'= 1.44. The fern with the highest abundance was Pteris vittata with 176 individuals, a density of 5.87 individuals/m2, a frequency of 0.53, and an IVI of 109.3%. Set side by set, the lowest abundance was Microlepia speluncae with eight individuals, a density of 0.27 individuals/m2, a frequency of 0.03, and IVI of 5.6%. Based on this, ferns can survive in polluted river areas. Information on the diversity of ferns found on critical land, especially rivers, is expected to provide initial information in overcoming other similar critical lands.

Sustainable analysis of integrated cajuput oil business development as a sustainable forestry multi-business at PT Inhutani I

One of the consequences of deforestation is the spread of critical land both inside and outside the forest area. Agroforestry or intercropping is developed to provide benefits and improve welfare for the community, and to optimize the results of a form of sustainable land use to ensure and improve food needs. Eucalyptus is one type of plant that is suitable for forest land rehabilitation because of its ability to live on marginal lands. The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility of eucalyptus oil business and formulate business sustainability development from seven aspects/feasibility parameters, which are namely: (1) legal aspects, (2) social, economic and cultural aspects, (3) market aspects, (4) management and human resources, (5) risk management aspects, (6) technical aspects, and (7) financial aspects. Meanwhile, to find out whether the eucalyptus business activity as a whole can be sustainable, and its development model, a sustainability analysis was carried out using the cobweb (Amoeba) method. Within the framework of sustainability, eucalyptus concessions must make changes and innovations (Estimated business feasibility on a planting area of 5,200 ha obtained a Net Present Value (NPV) of Rp. 950,734,956,062, - with a discounted interest rate of 12% shows that the eucalyptus oil industry will get a net profit of Rp 7,076,409,779,281, - BC Ratio of 12.56, Interest Rate of Return (IRR) of 55%, Payback Period in the 5th year 4 months shows that in a period of 5 years and 4 months from the investment can be returned from business revenues. The results showed that the seven aspects/parameters were declared feasible and continued with a sustainability analysis and concluded that the eucalyptus oil concession was declared sustainable.

Combination of high order kernel estimators for estimation of fruit trees biomass on critical land

This study aims to estimate fruit tree biomass with a high-order Gaussian kernel estimator. The source of the data was obtained by estimating the relationship between tree diameter (x) and tree biomass (y) which was obtained through the allometric equation y = 0.11ρx2.62 for branched trees. Data samples were taken as many as 250 obtained from 5 sub-district locations in critical land on longan and mango fruit tree vegetation. The relationship between x and y is then estimated in the form of an equation yi = m (xi) + εi where, i = 1, 2, n. The results of the analysis using the kernel estimator showed that the tree biomass estimation resulted in a smooth regression curve at an optimal bandwidth (h) score of 1.3 (GCV = 122.92) longan and 2.6 (GCV = 3523.25) mango. The relationship between MSE and bandwidth shows a very strong negative correlation with a score of r = -0.959 (p.value = 0.04) in the estimated longan biomass and r = -0.964 (p.value = 0.03) in the estimated mango biomass and is significant (α = 0.05). This means that a parallel increase in the bandwidth score will decrease the MSE score when GCV is controlled.

The Potential of Land Abandonment in Bogor Regency for Community Forest Enterprises

The abandoned land and indicated abandoned land are considered critical land or land that is less productive. Those lands covered about 13,000 ha of Bogor Regency area, with the critical land area of around ​​93,467.51 ha (32%). To reduce the area of critical land and increase land productivity in Bogor can be done by optimizing the abandoned land for private forest use. This study aimed to analyze the potential and opportunities for private forest use in abandoned land. The method used was an investigative approach with quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. This study showed that in terms of land characteristics and biophysical conditions, the abandoned land could be developed for private forest business, especially to cultivate forest business, such as sengon (Albizia chinensis), kayu afrika (Maesopsis eminii), jabon (Neolamarckia cadamba), mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni), and kayu manis (Cinnamomum verum). The majority of respondents (65%) were willing to do partnerships in private forests. However, several factors are needed to support this business, i.e., regulations in the form of incentives and disincentives from local governments, investors, facilitators, and market access.

ANALYSIS OF CRITICAL LAND USING FOREST CANOPY DENSITY METHOD IN THE AGROPOLITAN DEVELOPMENT AREA OF LAMONGAN REGENCY

Abstract: Critical land is a form of degraded land. The biophysical condition of the land that tends to decline causes a decrease in agricultural productivity, the environment, and food availability and is caused by the unwise use of natural resources. This research will be conducted in the southern part of Lamongan Regency which focuses on agropolitan rainfed rice fields which have experienced some decline in harvest yields in the last year. The research method is an analysis of the distribution of critical land using a Geographic Information System which is divided into main stages, namely: database development and data analysis, which begins with data collection, supporting maps, and literature study. The critical level of land in agropolitan areas in Lamongan Regency is divided into 5 categories, namely Not Critical, Potentially Critical, Slightly Critical, Critical and Very Critical but the very critical category turns out that there is no land that falls into that category so there are only 4 categories of critical land which shows that the land is classified as critical. non-critical area is 125.44 ha with a percentage of 0.24, Critical Potential area is 38736.37 ha with a percentage of 74.80%, somewhat critical category covers an area of 12827 with a percentage of 24.77%, and Critical Category covers an area of 100.28 ha with a percentage of 0 ,19%Keywords: Critical Land, Forest Canopy Density, AgropolitanAbstrak:

Sustainable Enviromental Management dalam Mengatasi Permasalahan Kerusakan Lahan Akibat Penambangan Galian C di Kabupaten Karangasem

The topography of Karangasem Regency is very varied, in the form of plains, hills, mountains, namely the highest mountain in Bali (Gunung Agung). The location of Karangasem Regency which is close to Mount Agung causes Karangasem Regency to have a wealth of natural resources in the form of class C minerals, namely sand and rocks which are abundant compared to other regencies in Bali. The government of Karangasem Regency collects taxes on group C mining entrepreneurs. Exploitation of land in Karangasem Regency carried out by C mining entrepreneurs has a negative impact, namely environmental damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of Sustainable environmental management in overcoming the problem of land damage due to excavation c mining in Karangasem Regency. The research method used is the library research method. The results of the study showed that there was critical land due to mining business activities of C excavation which did not carry out land reclamation after post-mining. This is because the C mining entrepreneurs in Karangasem Regency do not carry out the basic principles of Sustainable Environmental Management, namely the principle of Intragenerational equity, the principle of intergenerational equity, the principle of preventive action, the principle of prudence, the precautionary principle and the polluter-pays principle.

Sustainable Enviromental Management dalam Mengatasi Permasalahan Kerusakan Lahan Akibat Penambangan Galian C di Kabupaten Karangasem

The topography of Karangasem Regency is very varied, in the form of plains, hills, mountains, namely the highest mountain in Bali (Gunung Agung). The location of Karangasem Regency which is close to Mount Agung causes Karangasem Regency to have a wealth of natural resources in the form of class C minerals, namely sand and rocks which are abundant compared to other regencies in Bali. The government of Karangasem Regency collects taxes on group C mining entrepreneurs. Exploitation of land in Karangasem Regency carried out by C mining entrepreneurs has a negative impact, namely environmental damage. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of Sustainable environmental management in overcoming the problem of land damage due to excavation c mining in Karangasem Regency. The research method used is the library research method. The results of the study showed that there was critical land due to mining business activities of C excavation which did not carry out land reclamation after post-mining. This is because the C mining entrepreneurs in Karangasem Regency do not carry out the basic principles of Sustainable Environmental Management, namely the principle of Intragenerational equity, the principle of intergenerational equity, the principle of preventive action, the principle of prudence, the precautionary principle and the polluter-pays principle.