Critical Judgment Research Articles

VP.79 Challenges in genetic diagnosis of LAMA2-MD - when the pieces do not fit

Pathogenic variants in the <i>LAMA2</i> gene can cause muscular dystrophy (MD) associated with variable degrees of severity. We describe an infant with a congenital phenotype: severe hypotonia and weakness at birth, elevated creatine kinase levels, brain white-matter alterations and reduced merosin expression in muscle biopsy. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) targeting a panel of genes involved in hereditary myopathies revealed a rare homozygous missense variant in exon 39 of the <i>LAMA2</i> gene. Detailed genotype-phenotype evaluation associated with an incongruent bioinformatics analysis led us to proceed to full <i>LAMA2</i> cDNA analysis. A partial retention of intron 14 was identified, thought to be the primary genetic defect accountable for the patient´s phenotype. Further investigation enabled us to conclude that this splicing event was instigated by the presence of a homozygous intronic substitution located 117bp downstream of exon 14, which created a cryptic splice site. To our knowledge, this splicing variant represents the first pathogenic variant located further from the <i>LAMA2</i> exon-intron boundaries. Besides the importance of cDNA studies, this work highlights the need for critical judgment of any identified variants of unknown significance (VUS) in the definition of the correct and causal genotype.

Health Literacy Among Adult Patients with Chronic Diseases in Sabah: HLS-Sabah

Health literacy (HL) sets on the ability and motivation of individuals to appraise, understand, access, and utilise information in ways that promote and maintain good health. Poorer health outcomes and incurs higher healthcare expenditures can be the cause of limited HL. Sabah public health facilities conducted a cross-sectional study between February and October 2020. A 12-item Short-Form Health Literacy Survey (HLS-SF12) comprising three domains (healthcare, disease prevention, and health promotion) was used to measure HL. The HL index score was categorised as ‘limited’ (0 – 33), ‘sufficient’ (&gt;33 – 42), and ‘excellent’ (&gt;42 – 50). Among 337 patients recruited, half were male (51%) with a mean age of 52.6 ± 12.3. The top 3 comorbid were hypertension (84.6%), dyslipidaemia (58.2%), and diabetes mellitus (47.8%). Health information was mainly accessed from television (84.6%), smartphones (75.1%), and radio (47.8%). The median HL index score was 31.94 (IQR 25 – 37.5), with 54.6% of patients having limited HL. The lowest median score was found in disease prevention, 11 (IQR 10 – 13) and 8 (IQR 7 – 9) when judging health information. The HL index was associated with age, educational level, household income, insurance ownership, and accessing health information with a smartphone or computer. In Sabah, the limited HL level observed the need to tailor interventional programmes to vulnerable groups. Digital platforms shouldbe enhanced in disseminating health-related information and educating the public on critical judgement skills.

Adaptation: Retrospection of a Decade

Expatriate adaptation refers to degree of fit between the expatriate's ideal requirements and his new environment. Extant literatures indicate that the success of multinational operations is overall dependent on successful adaptation of expatriates. However, as expatriate adaption evolves as an important subject in international management research, salient emerging issues need to be highlighted for the attention of researchers and industry players. This systematic review aggregates a decade (2012 – 2021) depth research. Systematic search was conducted on Scopus on 28th October 2021 and repeated accordingly on 3rd January 2022. Whence, 2,967 records were extracted. The methodology is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework which emphasizes methodological steps of identification, screening, eligibility and included and ensures transparency and comprehensive reporting for critical judgement. Following the review panel parameters of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 67 articles were explored. Hence, descriptive analysis showed steady rise in research publications. 88% of the records found were empirical. Literature classification and analysis identified six (6) emerging themes including yopatriates, flexpatriates, female expatriates. academic expatriates, dual career couple expatriates, and expatriate hostile environment. We recommend investigation into these emerging themes in order to determine adaptation intricacies in each domain.

New rock strength-based UCS-V[formula omitted] correlation equation for different rock types by statistical regression methods

Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is an essential parameter for the characterization of rock strength. P-wave velocity (Vp) measured using ultrasonic testing has been commonly used to predict UCS because this method has many advantages over conventional uniaxial compressive tests, such as its simple operation, low cost, and non-destructive nature. Vp can also be used to calculate dynamic elastic moduli. A Vp-based equation that can be used to evaluate the UCS of numerous types of rocks with high accuracy, however, remains a challenge. Effects such as porosity, weathering, and mineralization have been seldom considered although they significantly affect the UCS-Vp correlation, especially in weak rocks. This research proposes a rock strength-based UCS-Vp regression equation for engineering purposes, which can be used to predict the UCS of different rock types that have a Vp over a critical value and that have been classified by strength (high or low). The training data on which this equation is based yield a coefficient of determination of 0.96 and a standard deviation of 18.1 MPa, and the mean absolute error of the regression model is 14.7 MPa after testing. A critical Vp value of 3.5 km/s is used to evaluate how a rock is affected by porosity; if the rock Vp is greater than this critical value, a more in-depth strength analysis is needed. The critical rock strength judgment involves several hammer blows being applied to a rock sample to fracture or chip it. This determines whether the rock sample has a UCS above or below 100 MPa and low or high porosity, and thus the variable input values for the prediction equation. The UCS-Vp correlation is linear for rocks with greater than critical strength and logarithmic for rocks with lower than critical strength. The new model provides a quick and effective way to evaluate UCS for engineering projects and significantly extends the usage of the UCS-Vp correlation equation to different rock types while maintaining a high degree of accuracy.

Numerical Simulation of Fire in Underground Commercial Street.

In this study, while aiming at the prevention of fire accidents in underground commercial streets, an underground commercial street is selected as a research object, and the building fire is numerically simulated using the PyroSim software. Fire simulation scenarios are divided according to different fire zones by analyzing the temperature, carbon monoxide (CO) concentration, and visibility in the smoke layer inside a building. The available safe evacuation time is calculated according to the critical fire hazard judgment conditions. We found that the time when the flue gas temperature and CO concentration reached the critical value in the fire site was longer than the time when the visibility reached the critical value reducing or even avoiding the spread of smoke from the fire area to the evacuation stairs can provide effective help for crowd evacuation. Finally, the safety of the building is evaluated, and fire prevention countermeasures are defined based on the actual situation and fire numerical simulation results to reduce fire incidence, casualties, and economic losses.

Finite Element and Equivalent Frame modeling approaches for URM buildings: Implications of different assumptions in the seismic assessment

• Critical overview and judgment of modeling assumptions in FE and EF models. • Calibration of parameters and sensitivity analyses of the FE model at pier scale. • Comparison of responses predicted with the FE and EF models at pier and wall scale. • Large differences in seismic response and assessment with different assumptions. • Recommendations are made to harmonize the use of FE and EF based approaches.

Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abd al-Rahim al-Barqi, and His Book “Al- Tabakat”: (Examples of what was Quoted in the Book Al-Ikmaal, by Al-Hafiz Mugultai)

Objectives: This research aims to introduce Ibn al-burqi Muhammad bin Abdullah bin Abdul Rahim and his critical efforts that did not get much luck from the study, as well as to reveal the importance of his lost book, "Al Tabakat", and to investigate its name. Methods: The study followed the descriptive approach; by collecting information related to Ibn al-burqi and his book, describing the importance of the criticism contained in it, and its characteristics, leading to a statement of the author's critical impact. Results: The study found that Ibn al-Barqi is one of the imams of criticism who are concerened with the conditions of prophetic Hadith narrators, and that his critical contributions stood out through his book "Al Tabakat", which is a precious book; in which he presented a summary of the judgments of critics in narrators, in precise words, with connotations that express the judgments of all critics. Conclusions: The need to follow up with the study on "Aldawa'afa" book to make use of it.

Student-Centered Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic Within George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureş: A Case Study

Abstract As a profession, teaching is a process that involves teacher–student-teacher interaction. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lives and ways of communication. Each day teachers and students faced difficulties in the teaching and learning process, challenges that they had to cope with by using their critical judgement and expertise. During this critical period, face-to-face teaching was switched to the online one, by ensuring students a teaching platform and giving them access to online materials. Working under stress and with limited resources, at first, teachers did their best to pave the way for online education. The aim of the present case study, based on an online questionnaire, was to shed light on the need to include and use modern student-centered teaching techniques and methods within the educational process at George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Târgu Mureș to improve quality of education. In a world that is continuously changing and developing the use of innovative teaching methods will help students to improve their learning abilities, stimulate their critical thinking and engage them in the learning process.

"Impaired Resilience (00210)" in patients under fertility treatment: Clinical validation study.

The aim of this study was a clinical validation of the NANDA-I nursing diagnosis "Impaired Resilience (00210)" in people under fertility treatment and determination of the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the defining characteristics. A cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2019 and June 2020. A total of 104 patients were recruited through fertility-related websites, and they answered an online questionnaire after giving informed consent. The Rasch model was used for statistical analysis. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. The "Impaired Resilience (00210)" had a prevalence of 15.4% in the sample, and seven defining characteristics confirmed as representative are "decreased interest in vocational activities," "depression," "impaired health status," "ineffective coping strategies," "low self-esteem," "renewed elevation of distress," and "social isolation." No item showed differential item functioning. "Renewed elevation of distress" and "low self-esteem" were the most sensitive defining characteristics and had the highest negative predictive value. "Shame" was the most specific one. The nursing diagnosis "Impaired Resilience (00210)" was validated, and results may improve its accuracy in people going through fertility treatment. This paper contributes by raising knowledge regarding NANDA-I nursing diagnosis and enhancing the quality of nurses' critical judgment and clinical reasoning. A more effective assessment will allow early recognition of patients struggling with adversity during fertility treatment and enhance a nursing resilience approach in the reproductive field.

The pursuit of luxury as an act of transgression: Bataille, sovereignty, desire

Through concepts such as the act of transgression, the idea of the pursuit of luxury can be radically transformed by reconsidering the work of the French philosopher Georges Bataille on sovereignty and desire within contemporary culture. This article on the relations between transgression, luxury, sovereignty, and desire constitutes a reworking of Bataille's thought. Offering an exploration and development of the key notions which run through current work on luxury, from sumptuous living to human lives in search of lavishness, the article places these important concepts in their intellectual and historical contexts and goes on to trace their considerable possibilities for contemporary French thought. In this manner, the article not only makes the idea of the pursuit of luxury accessible, but also invites readers to make their own critical judgements of such a pursuit. The article concludes with an account of the pursuit of luxury and acts of transgression as a moral vision, and with the perpetual problems of luxury and necessity. The notion of the pursuit of luxury is now impossible to disregard for anybody who is serious-minded about contemporary acts of transgression, and this article affords the ideal companion to the wide-ranging diversity of Bataille's critical texts on sovereignty and desire.

Phases of Leader-Follower Relations in Charismatic Leadership: Bliss, Trials and Juncture

This study aims to contribute to clarifying a dilemma in the perspective of signaling concerning the paradoxical role of charismatic leadership as an evolutionary tool to enhance chances of group survival. A challenge to the evolutionary perspective involves charismatic leaderships that resulted in their groups’ deterioration, rather than their development. We provide a theoretical, three-phase, motivational model of leader-follower relations to outline how an initial charismatic elevation may remain on a constructive track or turn into destructive outcomes. Our model centers on the idea that charismatic elevation is a desirable but provisional experience, which, we argue, triggers collective motives that underly destructive and constructive outcomes. Phase 1, charismatic bliss, refers to an ephemeral, emotionally elevated, euphoric leader-follower relationship including a strong bond, admiration, identification, and trust in the pursuit of achieving a collective aim. Phase 2, trials, following goal attainment, stands for events that signal de-escalation in charismatic elevation, which the group may perceive as a threat or opportunity. Phase 3, juncture, qualifies leader and follower motives in response to closure of charismatic bliss as (a) leaderthink, embedded in destructive charismatic leadership, an egoistic, collective threat response, in which the motive to maintain collective elevation overrides critical judgement of the leader. In leaderthink, the group preserves elevation by engaging in destructive behavior, such as expelling a critical minority, initiating us versus them thinking, and participating in excessive self-sacrifice. Or (b), constructivethink, a collective, prosocial response, in which the leader and the followers assent closure of charismatic bliss and are motivated to constructively respond to trial events as opportunity to foster individual and collective growth. ? Key words: constructive charismatic leadership; destructive charismatic leadership; charismatic bliss; leaderthink; constructivethink

Creative figure of V. I. Sokalskyi as Kharkіv genius loci in Z. B. Yuferova’s res omnis aetatis

Statement of the problem. The article aims to recreate the features of two historical portraits: the composer and musical critic V. Sokalskyi (1863–1919), whose name belongs to the history of the “pre-conservatory” musical Kharkiv, and the researcher of his work Z. Yuferova (1931–1999), whose monograph dedicated to V. Sokalskyi has become a matter of life (“res omnis aetatis”). The innovative element of the study is the development and introduction into musicology the dialogical research method, which allows identifying the researcher’s scientific method by analyzing the composer’s creative portrait, which she recreated in her work. The methodological basis of the study is supplemented by historical-cultural and historical-contextual analyses based on the material of Z. B. Yuferova’s monograph (2014, published posthumously) dedicated to V. I. Sokalskyi. Conclusions and results of the study. Dialogic research method made it possible to create a double historical portrait, which, on the one hand, reveals the features of the composer’s creative thinking, on the other hand, exposes the researcher’s professional qualities. According to Z. Yuferova, V. Sokalskyi is a pioneer of many genres in Ukrainian music; a person with high human virtues, chivalrous courage of his critical judgments, sincere service to the cultural flourishing of his native city. In turn, the personality of the researcher is characterized by her respect for historical facts, motivated problem analysis, systemic thinking, careful reproduction of the cultural background, reasonable conclusions, and encyclopedic knowledge. High professionalism embodied on the pages of Z. Yuferova’s substantial monograph gives every reason to agree with her assessments, and along with the recognition of the composer and music critic Sokalskyi as a “genius” of artistic Kharkiv at the turn of the 20th–21st centuries, to consider him a much more prominent all-Ukrainian figure. The introduction of V. Sokalskyi’s works into educational and concert programs should become an important prospect for the further revision of the history and renewal of the performance repertoire of the national musical culture.

The Pain-Invalidation Scale: Measuring Patient Perceptions of Invalidation Toward Chronic Pain

Increasing evidence reveals the damaging impact of having one's chronic pain symptoms invalidated through disbelief, discrediting, and critical judgement. In other instances, a caregiver's over-attentiveness to the daily tasks of individuals with pain can be problematic, potentially undermining rehabilitation. The aim of this study was to develop an instrument to measure different aspects of invalidation perceived by people with chronic pain. Item generation was informed through literature review and a thematic analysis of narratives from 431 peer-reviewed articles. The crowdsourcing platform Prolific was used to distribute survey items to participants. In Study 1A, Principal Component Analysis was performed on data from 302 respondents, giving rise to 4 subscales, including: Invalidation by the Self, Invalidation by Immediate Others, Invalidation by Healthcare Professionals, and Invalidation by Over-attentive Others. Confirmatory Factor Analysis of data collected from another 308 individuals in Study 1B supported the 4-factor model of the Pain-Invalidation Scale (Pain-IS) and identified a best-fit model with 24 items. The Pain-IS was further validated in another 300 individuals in Study 2. The Pain-IS demonstrates sound psychometric properties and may serve as a valuable tool for use by clinicians in the detection of pain-invalidation issues, as a first step in patient pain management. PerspectiveLinks between pain-invalidation and pain levels, as well as functional detriment, highlight the importance of having one's chronic pain experience heard, believed, and accepted. The Pain-Invalidation Scale is designed to identify domains where invalidation of the patient's pain should be addressed to promote emotional processing, treatment adherence, and improved outcomes.

"Spiritual distress (00066)" in patients under fertility treatment: Clinical validation study.

This study aimed to clinically validate the NANDA-I nursing diagnosis of "Spiritual distress (00066)" in people under assisted reproductive technologies, and to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value of the defining characteristics. Cross-sectional study that was conducted between September 2019 and June 2020. Recruitment happened by invitation posted in fertility-related websites. Those who accepted to participate were asked to fill the consent form and the online questionnaire. Statistical analysis was based on Rasch's model. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee. The sample comprised 104 Portuguese individuals undergoing assisted reproductive techniques. The "Spiritual distress (00066)" was validated and 22 defining characteristics were confirmed as representative. No item showed differential item functioning. "Perceived suffering" was the most sensitive defining characteristic and had the highest negative predictive value. "Insufficient courage" had the highest positive predictive value, and "Anger toward power greater than self" was the most specific. Results validated the presence of the NANDA-I nursing diagnosis of "Spiritual distress (00066)" in a sample going through assisted reproductive technologies, improving accuracy of this nursing diagnosis in such population. This is a crucial step to raise the level of evidence of such nursing diagnosis and to increase the level of evidence on NANDA-I terminology. Furthermore, this study has contributed to raising the quality of nurse's critical judgement and clinical reasoning and allow an early spiritual and a more holistic and personalized patient-centered intervention in the reproductive field.

Critical Insights: Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

Critical Insights: Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad

A critical review of reflective models in clinical nursing learning

Background and aims: Experience is the main foundation of learning, but learning without thinking and reflective cannot happen to be related to action. Moving towards experience-based education is an effective replacement for traditional education so that active learning can take place. Reflection in medical sciences seeks to combine theoretical concepts with practice, increase experience-based learning, accept responsibility and continuous professional growth, increase critical thinking and judgment in critical and complex situations based on experience and clinical knowledge, and improve the quality of care, increase professional strength, improvement in performance by raising individual awareness, development of clinical knowledge and skills. Therefore, this study was conducted to synthesis the research in reflective models in learning based on reflective thinking in clinical learning of nursing students in 2020. Methods: In this systematic synthesis research, researches related to reflective models in clinical nursing learning were examined in three stages: determining the geography of the research, systematic critique of selected documents, and synthesizing a new creation of separate elements and combining them and evaluates and combines current and ongoing studies. Results: The results of combining the findings of the research selected for this study are in response to research questions such as: What are the existing models of learning based on in-depth thinking? What features, levels and steps do they have? And what are the researches related to this type of learning in clinical nursing education and how have they been done? Which were selected based on systematic criteria and parameters and during a systematic process compared and combined the findings of this research and finally were synthesized and processed in the form of findings to answer research questions. Seven models of applied reflective thinking in clinical learning were reviewed by experts: Borton, Gibbs, Smyth, John, Mezirow, Zarezadeh, Cottrell, which had commonalities and distinctions according to specific concepts of reflective learning. In all models, gaining experience and examining it to promote and improve learning by identifying a problem or event, and the beginning and end of this method, increases the potential of this type of learning for more application in clinical education, especially the nursing group. Reflective thinking had practical values such as: strengthening deep learning, understanding the learning process in students, helping to advance professionalism and learning throughout life, using previous learning knowledge and building, redefining and reconstructing knowledge based on new experiences. It is presented through the learning environment and emphasizes accepting responsibility for educating others. Reflective learning ensures that learning is not limited to formal environments and that every experience is considered a learning experience. It also offers new insights, changed ideas, and a corrective attitude or emotional trait. Conclusion: The result of research synthesis, strengthening the efficiency and positive effect of this type of learning on the acquisition of skills, student and teacher motivation and the ability to learn collaboratively as well as improving skills in the clinical environment, although moving beyond the traditional context of teaching and learning, demands and the result of combining the data of the studies also emphasizes the practical nature and construction of knowledge in learning based on insight and its special place to eliminate the theoretical and practical gap in clinical education witnessing the excellence of this operational part of clinical education and health promotion of community by providing proper performance of nursing staff.

“Tatar Encyclopedia” in the Context of Systematization, Generalization and Scientifi c Popularization of Knowledge about the Archaeology of Tatarstan

The scientific article is devoted to the study of the characteristic features of the development of archaeological content on the pages of the 6-volume "Tatar Encyclopedia" in Russian and Tatar languages. In it, along with a brief illustration of the history of the formation and development of archaeological research in the territory of modern Tatarstan, the conceptual and terminological content of the section «Archeology» of the «Tatar Encyclopedia» is considered in a statistical and rubricational context, and special attention is paid to the problem of personification of the names of archaeologists and numismatists on the pages of the encyclopedia. In addition, the article fragmentally analyzes the «Archaeological map of the Republic of Tatarstan» and «Archaeological monuments of the Tatar ASSR» in the context of using the materials of these reference publications when writing historical references for the section «Archeology» about ancient and medieval monuments of the historical and cultural heritage of the peoples of Tatarstan. At the same time, some critical judgments are expressed regarding the content level of a number of articles on the section «Archeology». The final part of the article talks about the socio-cultural significance of the development and publication of the illustrated encyclopedia «Archeology of Tatarstan». This encyclopedic publication will become a new form of systematization and generalization of archaeological materials about the material and spiritual culture of the peoples of Tatarstan, collected and published by the Russian historical and archaeological community for many decades.

Fostering Clinical Judgement Ability among Nursing Students by Application of Concept Mapping in the City of Bangalore, India

Each clinical encounter demands competent clinical skills and expertise from a student nurse. This period also becomes the most challenging as many have trouble linking theory with practice. Thus, they experience less confidence at the bedside of patients. Delivering high-quality, safe nursing care at the bedside requires sound clinical judgement. Nurses with clinical judgement have evidence-based knowledge enabling them to identify intuitively salient patient care information and respond accordingly. Developing these critical clinical judgement abilities takes time, and many new nurses lack them. Concept mapping is a robust instructional technique that may assist novice nurses in making links between many aspects of nursing care concepts, allowing for the development of clinical judgement. This study aimed to determine the usefulness of the concept mapping approach to foster clinical judgement among nursing students in Bangalore, India. A quantitative, quasi-experimental pretest-post-test design with a control group was implemented among Bachelor of Science in Nursing students. The subjects were undergoing medical-surgical nursing courses in four nursing colleges in an urban setting. The allocation of four colleges to the control and experimental group was random. A sample size of 300 participants completed a questionnaire on baseline characteristics and the Lasater Clinical Judgement Rubric. The experimental group was taught using the concept mapping technique, and participants prepared a concept map for their assigned patient in the clinical area. The intervention group’s mean pretest clinical judgement score was 18.24 (SD = 3.17), while the control group’s was 20.18 (SD = 4.85). The intervention group’s mean post-test clinical judgement score (29.56, SD = 5.42) is greater than the control group’s (22.33, SD = 4.63). The experimental group had a substantially higher post-test clinical judgement score (t = 3.99, P&lt;0.001) than the control group. The findings imply that concept mapping will help nursing students improve their clinical judgement abilities.

Innovation in clinical learning: The AM/PM model

Objective: A primary goal in clinical learning is to apply nursing knowledge and skills learned in the classroom to clinical. While benefits to learning in clinical are evident, this experience is not without challenges, which often relate to coordination of the learning experience. The AM/PM model, an innovative clinical learning model, was developed in response to scheduling challenges that impacted learning.Methods: A Bachelor of Science in Nursing program at a state university in the western region of the United States was using a 12-hour biweekly shift schedule for clinical rotations. This schedule negatively impacted learning. Thus, a 6-hour weekly (AM/PM) clinical learning model was developed and implemented to address barriers in clinical learning, using Lewin’s Theory of Change as the theoretical framework and as a guide to achieving the desired change. Standardized examination performance was used as a measure of success to evaluate summative learning.Results: Clinical learning was improved as a result of implementing the AM/PM model. Nursing students had more opportunity to develop critical thinking, clinical judgment, and communication skills. Learning outcomes measured by standardized exam scores increased for the AM/PM groups.Discussion and conclusions: The AM/PM model, in comparison to other traditional clinical models, was successful in providing experiences to support critical thinking, clinical judgment, and improved learning outcomes. Using Lewin’s Theory of Change as a theoretical framework to guide implementation of the AM/PM model supported all key stakeholders in adapting to the change, ultimately supporting nursing student learning.

A simplified analytical approach for the clear height in compartment fire based on a two‐layer zone model

AbstractCompartment fire is an important research area in fire science and fire safety. Owing to its simplicity, the zone model remains attractive in studying compartment fire. Although computer software packages for the two‐layer zone are in popular use, a basic understanding of the physical phenomena involved and the mathematical formulation thereon would benefit users of the zone model in terms of critical judgement of software outputs, which could be unreasonable, and insight of the general trends of important variables. In general, the differential equations based on a two‐layer zone model have no analytical solutions and numerical methods are required. However, stiffness is present in using numerical methods to solve these differential equations, and reliable results are obtained only when very small time steps are used in computation. Nevertheless, in some special cases, analytical solution for the clear height in the zone model exists, as demonstrated in the present study. Predicted values of smoke layer height in the present approach are shown to be in good agreement with experimental results reported in the literature. The present work would provide insight into the tenability condition of a compartment on fire and is an important issue in fire safety management.