Critical Interpretation Research Articles

Methodological Foundations of Film Speech Analysis Using Corpora: Technical, Social, and Cultural-National Aspects

The aim of this study is to describe the possibilities and limitations of the corpus approach to the analysis of film subtitles, taking into account their technical, social, and culturalnational features. It offers a review of existing film content corpora accompanied by their critical interpretation, firstly from the perspective of subtitle quality as empirical data for linguistic research, and secondly from the perspective of corpus quality as an environment for quantitative analysis of empirical material. Furthermore, based on established subtitling practices, the author proposes her own viewpoint on subtitles as material for studying film speech, considering technical (line length, screen size adaptation), social (subtitles for the deaf and hard of hearing), and cultural-national (subtitling countries vs dubbing countries) aspects of subtitling in different languages and countries. In the course of the work, it was found that the largest number of subtitles available in open repositories are translated equivalents of cinema speech. It is noted that subtitling is preferred in the USA, UK, India, China, and Japan. The features of subtitling in countries such as Serbia, Finland, and Russia are described. The author concludes that these features are important for the quality of linguistic research on the basis of translated movie speech represented by subtitles.

Effectiveness of Yoga in Reducing Fatigue Among Cancer Patients at HCG Cancer Centre, Gulbarga

Cancer, a global health challenge, demands holistic care, especially for enduring issues like fatigue. Yoga emerges as a key intervention, notably in breast cancer cases. This study, conducted at HCG Cancer Centre, Gulbarga, with 50 participants, evaluates yoga's effectiveness in reducing fatigue using a randomized control design. Demographics and fatigue levels, measured by the BFI scale, are gathered. Results spotlight a significant reduction in fatigue post-yoga intervention for the experimental group, in contrast to the control. This research pioneers’ evidence-based nursing practices, showcasing yoga's potential in alleviating cancer-related fatigue for enhanced patient well-being. In simpler terms, the data strongly indicates a substantial decrease in fatigue levels for the experimental group post-yoga intervention. The mean pre-test fatigue score of 3.6 significantly dropped to 2.04 in the post-test, with a highly significant p-value of 2.8250. This underscores yoga's effectiveness in reducing fatigue among experimental subjects. In the control group, minimal changes in fatigue levels were noted without yoga intervention, as evident from the post-test data. Statistical analysis, with a p-value of 0.432, confirms nonsignificant changes in fatigue scores for the control group. This emphasizes the potential positive impact of yoga in mitigating fatigue levels, distinct from the minimal changes observed in the control group. The findings stress the need for critical interpretation of fatigue score changes and highlight yoga's positive role in addressing cancer-related fatigue, evident through significant outcomes in the experimental group. Keywords: Cancer, Yoga, Fatigue

Stiftung dekolonisiert: Eine Lektüre von Merleau-Pontys Vorlesungen über Institution

Abstract This paper offers a close reading of Merleau-Ponty’s Institution Course Notes to reflect on the history of colonisation as both an event and a structure. On the one hand, colonial invasion is a singular cataclysmic event; on the other hand, it establishes legal, social, economic and psychic structures that seem increasingly inevitable the more they are repeated. Likewise, decolonisation may require a singular liberatory event, but it also calls for the (re)establishment of alternative traditions that issue a different “call to follow.” A critical interpretation of Merleau-Ponty in conversation with abolitionist and decolonial thinkers helps to clarify the temporal and political relation between event and structure, building bridges between phenomenology and radical politics.

Penyelidikan Motif Penulis dan Pesan Teologis Melalui Analisis Komposisi Narasi Kitab Hakim-Hakim 6-8

This research presents a combination of two approaches, historical criticism and narrative criticism, in analyzing the motifs of the author of the book of Judges through the narrative of Israel's deliverance by Gideon. The debate among Old Testament scholars regarding historicity and theological historiography has divided opinions into two camps that are difficult to reconcile. Although each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses, the combination of both can enrich an approach to the analysis of a narrative text. Judges 6-8 are rarely interpreted using both of these approaches. For historical critical interpreters, emphasis on historicity and the documentary sources forming the narrative is crucial. However, they often overlook the literary devices that bind these historical fragments. On the other hand, narrative criticism, which focuses on literary devices, tends to trap interpreters in the subjectivity of interpretation. Some interpretations with ethical, moral, and practical theological nuances have also made leaps too far without considering the author's motifs. Through the combination of historical criticism and narrative criticism, this research has identified the author's motifs as fundamental theological values that can serve as a foundation for developing theology. This research has found that the author of the book encourages the generations of Israel to maintain their identity through theological messages about God's interaction in Israel's history during the era of Gideon.

Colonial Version of The Chinese Chronicles from Sam Po Kong Temple As a Historical Evidence

This article discusses the result of research on a manuscript called Chinese Chronicles on Sam Po Kong Temple found in a manuscript from Cirebon. This research used a historical method consisting of 4 stages: heuristics, criticism interpretation, and historiography using analytic descriptive method. This research aims to prove that the chronicles are as secondary historical evidence, not a primary one. These Chinese chronicles are a copy of the manuscript. It is estimated that the copy was made in the Dutch colonial era after 1928. The Chronicles tell the life of the Moslem Chinese in Nusantara, especially Java Island, after Cheng Ho’s voyage to Nusantara when it was still under Majapahit kingdom sovereignty.

Potentiality and Impotentiality in The Viceroys (1894) by Federico De Roberto

This essay furnishes a critical interpretation of Federico De Roberto’s novel The Viceroys (1894) within the theoretical coordinates provided by Giorgio Agamben’s notions of “potentiality” and “impotentiality” (dynamis and adynamia, respectively, in Aristotle’s Metaphysics). The essay argues that two apparently marginal characters in the story—Chiara’s aborted fetus and Cavaliere Eugenio—embody a possibility that is open to a radical unpredictability, which is to say, to an “impotentiality” that contrasts both Benedetto Croce’s naturalistic reading of the novel and Vittorio Spinazzola’s materialist account of it. In fact, Chiara’s fetus and Eugenio are presented as metaphors of the power of imagination and literature embedded in life (in the bíos). Such a power is opposed to that of “race,” upon which critics usually flatten their interpretations of The Viceroys and, in particular, their readings of Consalvo’s concluding speech to his aunt Ferdinanda (“no, our race has not degenerated; it is the same as it ever was”).

Taking innovative humanising pedagogy towards Thirdness: sustaining the development of intercultural competence

ABSTRACT To facilitate intercultural communicative competence, language learners are invited into the triadic capacity of Thirdness, where the social and critical interpretations of intercultural dialogue are explored. Little is known of the specific pedagogical stages to create such a terrain for the development of students’ sustainable intercultural competence. Situated within a tertiary-level English classroom in China, this study reveals how teachers can employ five pedagogical stages and humanised pedagogy to decentre cultural imperialism and promote plural values, behaviours and ways of knowing, and how students relativise their own beliefs to those of the target language culture.

Revisiting electron-wind effect for electroplasticity: A critical interpretation

The interaction of moving electrons with dislocations during plastic deformation due to electroplasticity improves the mechanical behaviour. Despite being actively researched over the years, the governing mechanism of electroplasticity is still unclear. The complexity in understanding the controlling mechanism arises due to the involvement of multiple mechanisms and the difficulty in delineating their contributions. In the present work, one of the earliest proposed mechanisms, the electron-wind effect, is reviewed from different viewpoints, and an attempt is made to resolve the issues raised in the past literature. The criticisms levied upon the electron wind effect are specifically on the associated assumptions, rather than the effect itself. It is inferred from the present investigation that including changes in substructure and activation parameters allows the generalization of electron wind theory to accommodate a wide range of experimental observations.

Muslim women consumers: Critical interpretations of US modest fashion brands entangled with the fashion-advocacy-capitalist-façade

Following 9/11, some young Muslim American women have been wearing hijabs to assert their Islamic identities. They are also seeking fashionable modest clothing, yet, despite their growing buying power, the US modest fashion market targeting Muslim women appears underserved. The purpose of this study was to critically examine how niche modest fashion brands in the United States target Muslim women while drawing upon theoretical concepts centring on oppression and agency related to the long history of gendered Islamophobia Muslims have experienced. We analysed eleven brands’ websites and social media applying the constant comparative method and identified four themes: empowering Muslim women, reclaiming modesty as modern and beautiful, meeting fashionable modest wear demand, and rejecting and perpetuating colourism. In our analysis of the digital discourses of US modest fashion brands, we revealed that these brands emerged to meet the demand of young Muslim woman in the United States who are embracing the hijab and modest clothing as a potent symbol of resistance against western ideologies, the fashion system’s oppressive acts towards Muslim women and traditional Islamic dress codes. Yet, their advocacy-centred messages – empowerment, reclaiming modesty as beautiful – operate within a profit-driven system, which we theorize as a fashion-advocacy-capitalistic-façade. The fashion-advocacy-capitalist-façade concept helps explain the slippery slope that fashion brands are tiptoeing as they aim to empower Muslim women, offer trendy modest clothing, reject traditional Islamic dress codes for women and create space in the fashion market for this unmet demand. Although these brands aim to promote a positive sense of self for Muslim women, they cannot be withheld from critical examination and potential interpretations when operating within the capitalist-driven industry that is so often plagued with significant injustices.

Cultural Distinction and the University of Toronto: Constructing Symbolic Boundaries of Social Class in Canada, 1894–1950

In the first half of the twentieth century, the University of Toronto was a preeminent cultural institution in Canada. Based on a critical interpretation of archival documents, this article narrates the history of four non-formal educational programs through which the University of Toronto created opportunities for Canadians to develop privileged forms of cultural taste and practice: the administration of local examinations in music across Canada, the development of a museum oriented to public visitation, the organization of public lectures in collaboration with local associations across Ontario, and the delivery of non-credit evening courses in Toronto. These four programs engaged hundreds of thousands of Canadians in forms of activity that supported the development of what Bourdieu conceptualized as constellations of cultural distinction: arrays of tastes and practices that mark symbolic boundaries of social class. Two of the programs resulted in national cultural institutions (Royal Conservatory of Music and Royal Ontario Museum) prominent in fields that have been empirically associated with social class boundaries in Canada. The other two programs declined in significance after 1950 and have not previously been included in analyses of cultural distinction. This article explores the historical role of Canadian universities in constructing symbolic boundaries of social class.

Constitution of Long COVID illness, patienthood and recovery: a critical synthesis of qualitative studies

ObjectivesTo investigate the lived experiences of Long COVID.DesignCritical interpretive synthesis of qualitative research.Data sourcesPubMed and Web of Science databases were searched on 14 September 2023.Eligibility criteriaOriginal peer-reviewed qualitative studies describing...

고등학교 음악비평문 지도방안 연구

Objectives The purpose of this paper is to provide teaching methods for guiding music criticism in Music Appreciation and Criticism, one of the High School Music Career-related Subjects.
 Methods The authors have reconstructed Stolnitz's art criticism and presented three musical criticisms, contextual criticism, intrinsic criticism, and impressionist criticism; we have applied Feldman's four critical stages, description, analysis, interpretation, and evaluation to the three types of musical criticism. We have also presented a model of what should be included in each stage so that students can actually write criticism of musical works.
 Results In the first stage, explanation, students can obtain some information on the composer's biography and background of the work from textbooks and introductory books, and describe musical surface such as tonality, beat, rhythm, etc. When guiding students on the second stage, analysis, let them identify the components of the music and the characteristics of the piece. In the next stage, interpretation, students are asked to find musical meaning based on the analysis, describe the work in a social or historical context, or contextually reveal their subjective feelings about the work. In the final stage, evaluation, the teacher makes students judge the meaning and value of the piece.
 Conclusions This study is significant in that it systematizes and presents a framework for writing in high school music criticism classes. Through this study, we hope that discussions on music criticism will be actively conducted and contribute to school music education.

Applying the Concepts of Benefit and Harm in Malaysian Bioethical Discourse: Analysis of Malaysian Fatwa.

Rapid developments in science and technology have resulted in novel discoveries, leading to new questions particularly related to human values and ethics. Every discovery and technology has positive and negative implications and affects human lives either directly or indirectly, involving all walks of life. Bioethical discourse in Malaysia must consider the multiracial and multireligious background of Malaysia and especially the Islamic view as the majority of Malaysians are Muslims and Islam is the religion of the federation. This article discusses several selected bioethical issues in Malaysia by studying the application of maṣlaḥah (the public good) and mafsadah (evil and harms) in Malaysian Islamic rulings (fatwas). This article uses the critical interpretation approach, as this is an ethical, interpretive, textual, and contextual analysis. In a situation when there is a conflict between maṣlaḥah and avoidance of mafsadah, it is preferred to attempt to address both needs. However, if maṣlaḥah and avoidance of mafsadah are mutually exclusive, the decision to choose must be made by weighing (tarjīḥ) and choosing the one which is superior. The maṣlaḥah and mafsadah concepts play vital and significant roles in bioethical discourse to realize human essential interests, namely faith, life, lineage, intellect, and property, thus achieving maqāṣid al-sharī'ah (the ultimate goal of sharia). This concept helps in guiding bioethical discussions, especially in determining the priority between achieving benefits and avoiding harms. The application of this concept will also assist Malaysian authorities in formulating appropriate rulings, especially bioethical issues related to Malaysian Muslims' lives.

A Syphilis-Giving God? On the Interpretation of the Philistine’s Scourge

Abstract To understand a text, or any other form of art work, as referring to a disease is not always obvious. This uncertainty, although confined to rare cases, nevertheless allows us to explore the limits and blind spots of certain frameworks proposed to think about the relationship between art and disease, notably Susan Sontag’s book Ilness as metaphor. In this article, I take a closer look at the calamity described in chapters 5 and 6 of the first book of Samuel and its various exegeses in the Western World. This calamity (still considered by many to be a bubonic plague), was not associated with the pandemic imaginary by ancient commentators, artists, and doctors, and it is only in modern times that medical diagnoses of the text change in this sense. I propose to see that these seemingly innocuous changes in diagnostic interpretations actually reflect deep changes in the relation between illness and divine agency. After a brief critical review of Susan Sontag’s writings on interpretation and their relationship to Ilness as Metaphor, I will proceed to trace the complex interpretation history of this calamity, before drawing observations about the place of interpretation in literary criticism and in the medical sciences.

Class Consciousness as Cultural Capital among High‐SES Parents of Children with Disabilities

This article proposes to examine the parenting features of high socioeconomic class (SES) parents of children with disabilities. This examination also enables us to clarify to what extent high‐SES parenting of children with disabilities aligns with the prevailing research on high‐SES parenting of children without disabilities. To resolve this question, semi‐structured interviews were conducted with high‐SES parents of children with disabilities in Israel. The findings indicate that, in addition to financial advantages, these parents hold a clear class consciousness (enacted as cultural capital), which translates into advantages for their children. To that end, the study found four manifestations of cultural capital among high‐SES parents in their approach to special education. The discussion offers a critical interpretation concerning how class consciousness serves as cultural capital among high‐SES parents of children with disabilities, thus producing and maintaining inequity in the special education system.

The Theme of Quest: A Critical Interpretation of Between the Assassination by Arvind Adiga

This research paper delves into the period between the assassination of Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi and his elder son, Rajiv Gandhi and the theme of quest discussed in the famous novel of Indian novelist Arvind Adiga. The novel clearly suggests the mindlessness of corruption and poverty in Indian society. This study explores how the ideologies nurtured by Indian culture seem meaningless because the people refuse to accept the importance of tolerance, honesty and brotherhood. Moreover, this paper introduces repeated bizarre events that have become an intrinsic part of Indian society in the present scenario. This discusses two short stories “The Bunder” and “Lighthouse Hill” in which through the protagonist of different short stories narrated in the selected novel and their painful recollection, a reader gets a picture of the Indian society even in the present scenario.

Engaged dialogue through data: For methodological pluralism in critical urban studies

This commentary builds on Loretta Lees’ concept of engaged dialogue in critical urban studies to argue for more engaged dialogue through data. This type of dialogue would entail building critical theory from a more diverse and nuanced base of information, using mixed or plural methodologies. It could mean communicating with, about and through data with public-facing tools that incorporate participatory elements through the user interface. It would also require ongoing critical interpretation of the politics and political economy of urban data.

Development of Undergraduate Student's Criticality in Social Sciences in Higher Education: A Comparative Study with Socio-Material Perspective

In the field of higher education, there are two dominant strands of interpretation of criticality, either as a decontextualized skill of logical reasoning, or a sense of action within larger contexts more than mere cognition. This research offers a reclaiming and reimagining of criticality in universities as an affective process, highlighting the entanglement of social, discursive and material perspectives. This research takes a comparative lens to investigate undergraduate students’ perceptions of criticality and institutional cultivation of it in a Sociology undergraduate degree in China and the UK, adopting a qualitative interview method. Differences were found between cultures regarding the level of engagement with a range of criticality-embedded practices, including field work, critical inquiry in class, group work, etc. Through the development of criticality in various activities, students’ feelings towards it shifted with contexts. While placed within physical and discursive universities that convey a sense of professionalism, students in the study acknowledged the importance of criticality and proactively demonstrated it. However, the feeling towards showcasing criticality outside campus was two-fold. Whereas criticality can be associated with negativity in social interactions, its value is appreciated as it enabled students to reconstruct their identities into a more rational, tolerant and caring one.

Living with schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes and the implication for diabetes self-care: A qualitative study.

To achieve an in-depth understanding of the challenges associated with diabetes management when having both schizophrenia and type 2 diabetes, while also identifying the needs for improved diabetes self-care. The study employed a qualitative explorative design utilizing a phenomenological-hermeneutic inspired approach, involving field observations and individual semistructured interviews. Data were collected during 2020-2021 through 17 field observations of outpatient consultations and 13 individual semistructured interviews. Data, including field notes and verbatim transcribed interviews, underwent analysis following Ricoeur's interpretive philosophy, encompassing three levels: naïve reading, structural analysis and critical interpretation and discussion. This study adheres to the COREQ guidelines for qualitative research. Three key themes emerged: 'Diabetes when life is noisy', 'Sacrifices and compromises in life' and 'The double silence'. Everyday life is significantly affected when having both schizophrenia and T2D. The mental health state dominates in relation to diabetes self-care and individuals experience challenges balancing between the two conditions. However, there exists a general acknowledgement for diabetes and its long-term complications as a serious medical condition demanding careful attention and treatment. Self-managing two such complex conditions can be overwhelming and make it difficult for the individual to differentiate symptoms and prioritize diabetes care. Moreover, the existing fragmentation within healthcare systems poses communication challenges, resulting in disjointed patient pathways. The study emphasizes the need for a holistic re that addresses the physical, emotional and social challenges. There is also a need for increased awareness and education among informal caregivers and healthcare professionals to foster better understanding and support.

POINT CLOUD SEGMENTATION IN HERITAGE PRESERVATION. ADVANCED DIGITAL PROCESS FOR HISTORICAL HOUSES

Abstract. This paper discusses the use of point cloud segmentation, both automatic and semi-automatic, in heritage conservation processes, with the aim of consciously integrating traditional and innovative methods. Thus, the research explores the potential of open-source software tools for semi-automatic point-cloud segmentation in enriching heritage knowledge and contributing to the inspection of its state of conservation. This ensures a 3D geometric view of reality and enables the identification of criticalities that may not be visible to the naked eye through colorimetric attributes. The study was conducted on Villa Leonardi, a historical house located in the city of Treia in the Marche Region (Italy) as a pilot test. The investigation focused on the east and south elevations of the building, which were suitable for two distinct trials: a semi-automatic procedure for analyzing the quality of mortar joints in an exposed masonry, and a semi-automatic procedure for mapping alterations and decay in a plastered masonry. To validate the results, manual and semi-automatic maps were compared using both qualitative and quantitative assessments. Qualitative assessment involved overlay and visual analysis, while quantitative assessment involved transforming the segmented point cloud into a mesh and calculating the resulting surface area. The critical interpretation of the two trials revealed both advantages and disadvantages; overall, experimentation highlighted the added value that advanced digital process can bring to the issue of heritage preservation.