Critical Infrastructure Objects Research Articles

Quantum computing in controlling railroads

The paper discusses the main possibilities of using quantum computing and technologies in railway management, highlighting the most promising options and proposals for their application. One of the main objectives of the RZD "Russian Railways" is the research and implementation of quantum telecommunications as the basis for building promising network services. By focusing on improving solutions in the field of automation of railway transport process management, and taking into account the over-growing and changing needs of customers, RZD also wants to trans-form to digitalization and use quantum computing to create flexible management models, optimization of the structure and decision-making processes and the use of quantum computers both in information systems and in technical control systems. The study first identifies areas where the development of information technologies in railway transport is a must. Then the strategies and programs to digitalis these fields are discussed, how they are implemented is shown and finally a comparison is then made with other experiences from different agencies around the world. The Study concludes that the creation of quantum information systems with a contactless neuro-computer interface will solve several problems like the performance of duties by railway personnel, monitoring of significant objects of critical information and technical infrastructure, and public services. It is advisable to use quantum technologies and calculations in railway transport in the following main directions: the creation of a quantum telecommunication network; the introduction of quantum computing in the improvement of Blockchain technologies; use of quantum technologies to solve complex optimization problems.

Big Data in healthcare: cybersecurity and legal protection of personal data

Digitalization of Russian healthcare leads to an increase of digital medical data, which eventually becomes Big Data and requires secure ways to collect, process, store and use such information. In this article, the authors analyze legal acts that govern ways to protect medical information in digital form, as well as those that establish the legal regime of personal data. The authors draw attention to the risks of re-identification of anonymized medical data and difficulties to comply with some requirements of the personal data legislation in use of Big Data technologies. In discussion on liability for offences and crimes in the sphere of computer information, the authors propose to consider healthcare information systems containing personal data as objects of critical information infrastructure of the Russian Federation. Such regime would allow to charge unlawful access to the information contained and other criminal acts under Article 274¹ of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. Prevalence of information and communication technologies as a method of encroachments on the digital medical data, and ultimately an intrusion into privacy, leads authors to the conclusion about expediency of addition of Article 137 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation with the relevant aggravating circumstance.

FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC BASE OF LOCAL BUDGETS AS A KEY TO SUSTAINABLE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Purpose. The aim of the article is based on the assessment of the financial base of local budgets; identify key aspects of the formation and use of financial resources of territorial communities of Ukraine, offering effective approaches to managing the financial resources involved for local self-government bodies. Methodology of research. General scientific and special methods were used in the research process, in particular: dialectical, monographic, analysis and synthesis – to study the financial and economic basis of local budgets; comparative analysis – to compare economic indicators in time and space; abstract and logical – during the formation of theoretical generalizations, assumptions, conclusions. Findings. The need to intensify partnership cooperation between territorial communities, in the field of establishing communication and partnership relations between those territorial communities that have suffered as a result of military operations and those that can provide them with the necessary financial support, has been determined. It is proposed to adapt investment passports of regions and regional strategies of their development to the conditions of martial law. Originality. It is proposed to supplement the map of investment and business opportunities of Ukraine with separate requests for the restoration of infrastructure in the de-occupied Ukrainian territories in terms of already existing sectors. It is recommended to create a register of critical and social infrastructure objects for reconstruction and restoration with information on the nature of damage (destruction), the restoration project, volumes, sources and stages of financing in terms of planned and actual indicators. Practical value. Proposals based on research results can be used by local self-government bodies to restore critical infrastructure facilities, strengthen the financial and economic base of local budgets, which will contribute to the stabilization of regional development of Ukraine. Key words: budget, regional development, income, investments, borrowing.

ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ НЕОБХІДНОСТІ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ МОЖЛИВОСТЕЙ ВІЙСЬКОВИХ ЧАСТИН НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ГВАРДІЇ УКРАЇНИ ЩОДО ОБОРОНИ ОБ’ЄКТІВ КРИТИЧНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ

At the beginning of the full-scale invasion of the Russian Federation into the territory of Ukraine, the aggressor seized critical infrastructure facilities that were located in the occupied territories. Among especially dangerous objects of critical infrastructure there are two nuclear power plants: Chernobyl and Zaporozhye. So, the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was captured by Russian troops on February 24, 2022 and controlled by them until March 31, 2022. And the Zaporozhye NPP was captured by the invaders on March 4, 2022 and is under their control. Based on the analysis of certain events, it can be concluded that the units of the National Guard of Ukraine were unable to ensure the defense of the stations, which, in accordance with the current legislation, is their direct function. The reason for this was the mistakes made by the military authorities in assessing the capabilities of the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine for the protection of nuclear power plants for the defense of the facilities entrusted to them. The solution to this problem in the future may be to improve the theory of assessing the capabilities of the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine regarding the protection and defense of critical infrastructure. For this purpose, the article analyzes the existing scientific and methodological apparatus and policy documents on the organization and implementation of the protection and defense of critical infrastructure facilities under martial law by the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine. As a result of the analysis, some problems were identified in the defense of nuclear power plants, as well as in the organization of management at the tactical level during the organization of the defense of critical infrastructure facilities, including nuclear power plants. Also, directions for further research were identified, namely: the settlement of the issue of subordination in the performance of combat missions for the protection and defense of critical infrastructure facilities at the tactical level, as well as the improvement of the theory of assessing the capabilities of the military units of the National Guard of Ukraine for the protection and defense of nuclear power plants, taking into account modern threats.

Рost-War Recovery and Development of Critical Infrastructure of Ukraine

The Algorithm for the reconstructive development of the critical infrastructure of Ukraine in the war and post-war periods of a closed type was built and substantiated, detailing the step-by-step use of applied and organizational-economic tools, the implementation of which in practice is planned to be carried out in seven structurally and logically interconnected steps of the implementation of a complex of managerial, technical-technological and organizational and economic measures regarding: I) assessment of the state of the infrastructure; II) reconstruction planning; ІІІ) financing; IV) reconstruction; V) monitoring and control; VI) regulatory framework (in accordance with quality and safety standards); VII) development of communications and public involvement. The complex of methods and means for coordinating and regulating the activities of the National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the Consequences of the War and its working groups has been improved (as well as their tasks in this area, the responsibilities of management entities have been detailed and specified) in accordance with the practical implementation of the Algorithm for the reconstructive development of critical infrastructure of Ukraine in the war and post-war periods, which includes: creation of working groups and committees; joint meetings; use of information technologies; interaction with stakeholders and other interested parties; monitoring and evaluation of implementation of recommendations; legislative regulation; financial regulation; technical regulation; infrastructure development; promotion of the National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the Consequences of the War. Methodological justifications are proposed for use: a) the limits of responsibility and authority of the National Council for the Recovery of Ukraine from the Consequences of the War, which it and its working groups bear according to the principle provisions of the implementation and practical implementation of the Algorithm for the reconstructive development of critical infrastructure for determining and formulating the priorities of reconstructive development and priority objects of critical infrastructure in the war and post-war periods to establish the sequence of their restoration; b) responsibilities and tasks of the National Council regarding: performing an analysis of the state of critical infrastructure; determining the general demand for services; identification and establishment of risks; consultations with experts; public involvement.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ ОСНОВИ ФОРМУВАННЯ СИСТЕМИ ЗАХИСТУ ОБ’ЄКТІВ КРИТИЧНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ УКРАЇНИ

It was determined that in the conditions of armed confrontation on the territory of Ukraine, crisis situations constantly arise, threatening the safety of critical infrastructure facilities. In connection with the armed aggression on the territory of Ukraine, significant losses were caused, namely more than 30 % of critical infrastructure objects were damaged. Therefore, the armed aggression against Ukraine became an impetus for large-scale and structural reforms in the sphere of security and defense of Ukraine. In this aspect, the task of forming a system of protection of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine arises. Issues of substantiation of the system of protection of critical infrastructure objects at the state level were almost not studied, which determined the relevance of this scientific study. The analysis of legal acts regulating the powers of the components of the security and defense sector of Ukraine, which are relied upon for the formation and/or implementation of state policy in the field of critical infrastructure protection, proved that to date the largest contribution to ensuring the security of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine is in parts of the immediate protection and defense are carried out by units and units of the National Guard of Ukraine. In the field of cyber security of critical infrastructure facilities, as well as reconnaissance and subversive activities, the main efforts are made by the bodies and units of the Security Service of Ukraine and the National Police of Ukraine, while units and units of the National Service of Ukraine also participate. When the issues of prevention and liquidation of the consequences of emergency situations due to accidents at critical infrastructure facilities are already raised, the State Emergency Service of Ukraine already plays the "first violin", but units and units of the National Guard of Ukraine also take a direct part in similar crisis situations. Therefore, the invaluable role and place of the National Guard of Ukraine in the protection of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine became the motivation for conducting this study. It has been established that the Concept of creating a state critical infrastructure protection system for the creation of an organizational and institutional structure for the functioning of the state critical infrastructure protection system provides for the implementation of a number of measures at the national, regional, branch level, as well as at the local and object level, which to date are still almost not fulfilled Therefore, the organization of critical infrastructure security is a complex process that includes not only security mechanisms, but also coordination and management aspects. For the effective functioning of this system, highly qualified specialists in training, retraining and practical experience are needed. The directions of further scientific research will be aimed at the development of conceptual models of the functioning of the forces and means of formations of the National Guard of Ukraine among the components of the security and defense sector of Ukraine regarding the performance of tasks for the protection of critical infrastructure objects of Ukraine both in peacetime and during crisis situations, and also in the conditions of the special period.

THREATS AND RISKS OF THE USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

The article analyzes the advantages of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in various fields and the risks of impact on the performance of information security and cyber security tasks, as integral components of national security. It was determined that the development of AI has become a key priority for many countries, and at the same time, questions have arisen regarding the safety of this technology and the consequences of its use. The expansion of the scope of application of AI to critical infrastructure objects, the difficulty of verifying the information resources and solutions created by these systems, the threat of a dangerous impact of the results of their operation on the safety of people, society and the state leads to the emergence of risks associated with the use of AI. The lack of transparent methods for checking the conclusions and recommendations of the proposed SSI is a source of uncertainty regarding their accuracy and practical value. This effectively means that SSI can be part of a set of information warfare measures aimed at spreading dubious unverified information and common fakes. The use of artificial intelligence technology can improve the level of computer security. The paper considers the mechanism of risk assessment from the use of AI in various industries and methods of their processing. Proposed approaches to the use of artificial intelligence systems for identification and assessment of risks that arise as a result of the use of artificial intelligence systems. Artificial intelligence plays a key role in ensuring national security, and its application in various industries contributes to improving efficiency, however, there is an urgent need to develop risk assessment mechanisms for the use of artificial intelligence systems.

SYNERGIC APPROACH BASED ASSESSMENT OF BUSINESS-PROCESSES CONTINUITY

Informational threats can manifest themselves in different forms, which is due to the features of the global network. The article is devoted to one of the ways of solving the contradiction, which is that, despite the large number of publications, the task of ensuring the continuity of business processes in the conditions of the growing number and variety of cyber attacks on critical infrastructure objects remains unresolved. This is due to the constant modification and increase in the number of cyber attacks, as well as methods and technologies for implementing business processes. Therefore, the development and improvement of methods for assessing the continuity of business processes is an urgent scientific task. The article examines the problem of ensuring the continuity of business processes in the conditions of the growth of cyber threats. The means and methods of committing cybercrimes against critical infrastructure facilities were analyzed. The main strategies and business continuity assessment indicators are defined. The influence of selected strategies and solutions for ensuring business continuity on the value of business process continuity indicators is analyzed. The main trends in the development of cyber security in the context of improving the means and methods of carrying out terrorist information attacks on critical infrastructures are analyzed. Preventive measures to reduce the risk of cyberattacks at the national and international levels have been identified. The main tasks of ensuring the continuity of business processes based on the PDCA risk management model, indicators for assessing business continuity are considered. The influence of the selected strategies and solutions on ensuring the continuity of business processes is analyzed.

ОЦІНКА РОЗВИТКУ ДЕФОРМАЦІЙ ЗЕМНОЇ ПОВЕРХНІ НА ШАХТНОМУ ПОЛІ СТЕБНИЦЬКОГО КАЛІЙНОГО РОДОВИЩА ЗА ДАНИМИ ГІДРОГЕОЛОГІЧНОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ

The paper presents the data generalization of the observations of hydrogeological monitoring of mining sites on the dynamics of groundwater level. The processing of hydro-regime studies conducted in 2009-2021 in the area of the mine bypass of the № 2 pit was carried out. Hydrogeological sections reflecting changes in water levels over time were prepared. The most important factor in the lowering of the ground surface is salt karst development. The evaluation of the intensity of karst collapse processes was based on the interpretation of the results of the dynamics of the subsurface water level. The site network consists of more than 30 observation wells drilled into suprasaline and Quaternary aquifers. The main causes of deformation of the salt rock massif and the earth's surface have been identified. These are a decrease in the geomechanical strength of the rock due to its hydration and subsequent subsidence under the geostatic load of the overlying rock, and subsidence of the clay layer covering the salt rock due to the karst process. Based on the observed data, hydrogeologically oriented spatial zoning of the mining concession was performed. As a result of the development of a complex depression in the area of influence of the karst drainage, a drop in the water level in the gypsum-clay horizons was observed over the entire area in 2009-2019. The depression funnel runs in a northwesterly direction, indicating the development of a karst channel in the salts. Significant inflow of suprasaline water in the southwestern and central parts of the mine field combined with intense karstification of the salt massif and gypsum-clay cap deposits within the depression funnel resulted in significant deformation of the earth's surface, formation of karst funnels, and technogenic and ecological threats to critical infrastructure objects. To prevent a man-made ecological catastrophe, it is urgent to develop a scientific rationale for the maximum permissible changes in the environmental parameters of the man-made geological system of the № 2 mine of the Stebnytsky potash deposit during the post-mining phase.

Model structure of threats to resources of information and telecommunication networks as a basic asset of a critically important infrastructure facility

The paper classifies the models of cyberattacks aimed at computer networks and complexes and which represent the greatest threat. A classification based on the main trends in the practical implementation of cyberattacks is proposed. This approach is new for the classification of cyberattacks on computer networks and complexes that serve critical infrastructure objects and takes into account ten components of the threat cycle: from a comprehensive study of the object of influence to the implementation of a cyberattack.

A hybrid model of risk assessment of the functioning of information modules of critical infrastructure objects

The work carried out a theoretical study of the development of a mathematical hybrid model of risk assessment of the functioning of information modules of critical infrastructure objects in different modes, for proactive decision-making support. The model is able to assess the risks of the functioning of information modules, uses the intellectual analysis of experts' knowledge, reveals the vagueness of input estimates, increases the degree of validity of making further management decisions based on the obtained results. As a result, a vague aggregated assessment of the operation of the information module of the critical infrastructure facility was obtained; linguistic interpretation of the level of functioning of the module of the critical infrastructure object to support decision-making; the level of risk of functioning of the corresponding module. The developed model will be a useful tool for experts on the security of the operation of critical infrastructure objects in the framework of cybercrime prevention.

ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF MANAGEMENT MODELS FOR REGIONAL PROGRAMS OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE OPERATION AT CRITICAL TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES

The objects of the critical transport infrastructure are located in all regions of Ukraine, and the question of the safety of these objects is extremely relevant. A functional approach should be used to form an effective safety management unit for critical transport objects. Therefore, in order to achieve an acceptable level of safety of the critical transport infrastructure, it is necessary to have an effective mechanism for achieving this result, which can be achieved through the formation and efficient management of regional programs for the safe operation of critical transport infrastructure objects. Management models for regional safety programs at critical transport infrastructure facilities based on the existing approaches to construction of models of program and project management are proposed in the article. Critical transport infrastructure includes highways, state-owned transport enterprises, subway facilities, gas stations, bridges, sea and river ports, airports, and pipelines. These facilities are strategic for the state, and as a consequence, vulnerable, so they require special protection. To form an effective apparatus for environmental safety management in critical transport infrastructure facilities, the application of a program approach is proposed in the article. To assess the life cycle of regional environmental safety programs of critical transport infrastructure facilities based on the Deming cycle, a spiral model was developed, which is the environment for the operation of schematic, system, and service models of the environmental safety management program. Development of approaches to the management of regional programs for the environmentally safe operation of critical transport infrastructure facilities, based on the formation of strategic objectives and their decomposition, will be aimed not only at solving existing problems of critical transport infrastructure in the region but factors related to the occurrence of dangerous events for them and the elimination of the causes leading to these problems. A system model for managing regional safety programs for objects of critical transport infrastructure is proposed.

New Trends and Prospects for Developing Local Power Sources Based on Fuel Cells and Power Storage Units for Critical Infrastructure Customers

A reliable and efficient power supply for critical infrastructure customers is key to ensuring energy security. Critical infrastructure requires local power sources. Currently, performance requirements for such sources have significantly increased. Apart from high energy efficiency, important requirements include quick start-up time, small size, environmental friendliness, low noise, etc. These may be provided by fuel cells, which are considered the most prospective sources of electric power. However, it is necessary to overcome a number of obstacles limiting fuel cell efficiency in power supply systems for critical infrastructure customers. This paper presents the results of design analysis in the field of fuel cell, hydrogen conversion and power storage technologies. An assessment is given of promising studies aimed at combining the abovementioned technologies to create local power sources to ensure reliable power supply to critical infrastructure objects.

УПРАВЛІННЯ МІЖНАРОДНОЮ ПОЛІТИКОЮ ЄС У СФЕРІ ЗАХИСТУ КРИТИЧНОЇ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ

The article defines the principles of management of the protection of critical infrastructure objects from the position of international policy of the EU countries. The main stages of development of EU cooperation in this area were studied. The possibility of implementing the EU experience in the management of the security of critical infrastructure in Ukraine has been justified. The structure of protection of critical infrastructure objects in the EU is analyzed. The place of the corporate sector in these issues is considered. The importance of insurance companies and medical centers in this sphere was underlined. Analysis of critical infrastructure protection programs helps to identify the principles, processes and tools that propose the implementation of security systems. Implementation of these projects will be completed in appropriate cases specific to the communications sector. The authors emphasize that nuclear safety should be the focus of the EU and each country’s governance bodies, so the EU Joint Research Center solves key scientific and technological challenges in nuclear safety. Based on the analysis of foreign experience, it is noted that the scientific and practical interest for use in Ukraine in the process of protection of critical infrastructure objects can be the activity of structures created for the purpose of monitoring and analysis of open information. On this basis, the ways of ensuring the security of the objects of the critical infrastructure of Ukraine have been defined. It is noted that international policy should be based on legislative acts, which are coordinated for coordination by a single center. It is concluded that Ukraine’s security policy is developing in the context of implementation of European standards of formation and operation of critical infrastructure.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF DETECTION OF SMALL UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES USING PASSIVE OPTICAL SYSTEMS

The work is devoted to the solution of an actual scientific task in the field of civil protection, namely, the development of a new model for the prevention of emergency situations of a terrorist nature at the objects of the critical infrastructure of Ukraine, which are protected, by means of timely detection and identification of small unmanned aerial vehicles by active optoelectronic means. Based on the analysis, it was established that one of the trends in the development of terrorist scenarios at protected critical infrastructure facilities is the use of various small manned and unmanned aerial vehicles to carry out terrorist acts. This work is a continuation of the cycle of previous works on the development of a structural and logical model for managing an emergency situation of a terrorist nature at an object of critical infrastructure of Ukraine, which is protected, caused by the appearance of small-sized aerial targets, intended for the development and constant implementation of procedures of an organizational and technical nature to ensure the safety of the object to the guarded object, when small air targets appear. A mathematical model for the detection of signals reflected from small aerial targets using active optical systems using the phenomena of light absorption and scattering in optically transparent media has been developed, which represents a system of four analytical dependencies. Further research will be directed to conducting field experiments, performed using a specially designed laboratory setup, and theoretical calculations of the value of expected target detection activities as part of numerous experiments that should prove the reliability of the results obtained in the work. Identified directions of further research regarding the presented mathematical model of detecting signals reflected from small unmanned aerial vehicles using active optical systems that use the phenomena of absorption and scattering of light in optically transparent media will be directed to conducting full-scale experiments performed using a specially developed laboratory installation and theoretical calculations of the value of expected target detection activities as part of numerous experiments, with the aim of proving the reliability of the results obtained in the work. Keywords: emergency situation, small unmanned aerial vehicle, violator, model, protected object.

Adaptive Control System for Detecting Computer Attacks on Objects of Critical Information Infrastructure

Adaptive Control System for Detecting Computer Attacks on Objects of Critical Information Infrastructure

Математична модель оцінки загроз для об’єктів критичної інфраструктури в зоні ведення бойових дій

The paper examines a mathematical model of threat assessment for potentially dangerous objects of critical infrastructure in the combat zone. Using the theory of graphs and the theory of probability, an approach is proposed that allows obtaining quantitative estimates and conducting an analysis of possible scenarios of the development of an emergency situation. This work will be useful in the development of different classes of ecological and man-made threat assessment mathematical models for critical infrastructure facilities in the war zone.

Method for monitoring the state of elements of cyber-physical systems based on time series analysis

The wide spread of cyber-physical systems, as well as the widespread integration of computing resources into physical entities, have led to an increase in the risks of deliberate and accidental security incidents. In this regard, the development of new methods and tools and improvement of the existing ones for monitoring such systems is of particular relevance. The methods being created and modernized should have increased recall and precision of identification, especially for critical infrastructure objects. An original method for processing data for monitoring the state of cyber-physical systems based on time series analysis using significance weights as a post-processing of classification results was proposed. The method differs from the existing ones by the combined approach that combines the use events of information security and functional safety in monitoring systems. It is characterized by the use of an ensemble of decision trees as well as parallel classifiers and Fishburn weight coefficients in the analysis of the set of the most informative features obtained from time series. The applicability of the method was substantiated by conducting of a computational experiment on a known data set which characterizes the functioning of the information and physical components in the implementation of various types of attacks on the components of the experimental stand of the cyber-physical water treatment system. When using the developed method, the identification precision increased by 1.45 % compared to the best approaches presented in other scientific works, and the recall increased by 4.45 % and amounted to 99.85 % for both indicators. The results obtained are adapted for practical use in systems for identifying the state of cyber-physical systems. The theoretical significance lies in the possibility of using the results of the study in the design of systems for monitoring the information security and functional safety of cyber-physical systems.

Automated system of transmission of data on the state of critical infrastructure objects with the use of modern information and telecommunications

Automated system of transmission of data on the state of critical infrastructure objects with the use of modern information and telecommunications

Method of calculations and substantiation of requirements for engineering protection of critical infrastructure objects from UAVs with warheads

Abstract. Aim of the study. The purpose of the work is to develop a methodology for calculations and substantiation of requirements for elements of engineering protection of key infrastructure objects (KIO) of the electric power and gas transportation systems of Ukraine against UAVs of the "Shahed" type. Methodology. The characteristics and design of the "Shahed" UAV were considered. It has been established that UAVs of the "Shahed-136" type pose the greatest danger, as they have the largest warhead. For large and/or key KIO structures, the case of a direct hit by a UAV is considered. The requirements for the arrangement are substantiated and a principled solution for the first-order circular engineering protection of the most important structures and equipment of KIO is proposed. It includes two layers: a protective screen and an impenetrable shell. The protective screen is designed to destroy the UAV or prematurely detonate its charge. The protective shell, from which the screen is located at some distance, is designed to retain debris and withstand the wave from the explosion. Findings. The method of calculations and substantiation of requirements for elements of engineering protection of OKIS was obtained. The sequence and analytical methods of calculations of both levels of protection are presented. When designing a protective screen, a concentrated impact from a UAV collision is calculated, and for a protective shell, shock wave pressure and debris permeability are calculated. Scientific innovation. The method of calculations and substantiation of requirements for elements of engineering protection of key infrastructure objects is proposed in the work for the first time. Practical value. A constructive solution was developed for the engineering protection of the process gas treatment plant against direct hits of the "Shahed-136" UAV using steel structures and sand filling. The procedure for carrying out work on the installation of the protection system is proposed.