Critical Ideas Research Articles

A Novel Imbalanced Data Classification Method Based on Weakly Supervised Learning for Fault Diagnosis

The class imbalance problem has a huge impact on the performance of diagnostic models. When it occurs, the minority samples are easily ignored by classification models. Besides, the distribution of class imbalanced data differs from the actual data distribution, which makes it difficult for classifiers to learn an accurate decision boundary. To tackle the above issues, this article proposes a novel imbalanced data classification method based on weakly supervised learning. First, Bagging algorithm is employed to sample majority data randomly to generate several relatively balanced subsets, which are then used to train several support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. Next, these trained SVM classifiers are adopted to predict the labels of those unlabeled data, and samples that are predicted as minority class are added to the original dataset to reduce the imbalance ratio. The critical idea of this article is to introduce real-world samples into the imbalanced dataset by virtue of weakly supervised learning. In addition, bidirectional gated recurrent units are used to construct a diagnostic model for fault diagnosis, and a new weighted cross-entropy function is proposed as the loss function to reduce the impact of noise. Besides, it also increases the model's attention to the original minority samples. Furthermore, experimental evaluations of the proposed method are conducted on two datasets, i.e., Prognostics and Health Management challenge 2008 and 2010 datasets, and the experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method.

MEASURING THE URGENCY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NATIONAL GOVERNMENT LEGISLATION INSTITUTION IN THE PURSUIT OF STRUCTURING LAWS AND REGULATIONS IN INDONESIA

The absence of a special agency that centrally and specifically regulates and manages government affairs within the area of establishing laws and regulations, just as the legislative body of the House of Representatives (“DPR”) is the main focus of the author to conduct a research. Through the writing of conceptual critical ideas with a normative juridical approach, it is discovered that there are several opportunities for the establishment of a government national legislative body. First, it is by the adoption of the omnibus law in the establishment of laws and regulations through Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. Second, the government is not yet has a specific institution that centrally and specifically regulates and manages government affairs within the area of establishing laws and regulations just as the legislative body of DPR. In fact, there is an urgency to establish a national government legislative body. First, as long as the establishment of laws and regulations remained spread throughout the Ministries/Institutions, and the coordination function or harmonization is performed at the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and the State Secretariat/Cabinet Secretariat, the process is not as simple as if it is in one solid institution integrated mastery of design materials whose substance is in across sectors. Second, it is the mandate of Law Number 15 of 2019 on Amendments to Law Number 12 of 2011 on the Establishment of Legislation. Third, it is the post Constitutional Court Decision Number 91/PUU-XVIII/2020 with respect to Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. In order to revise the Job Creation Law in conformity with the two-year deadline, the government could immediately establish a National Legislative Institution to be in charge of organizing, synchronizing, and tidying up all laws and regulations from the central to the regions levels. Fourth, it is the post decisions of the Constitutional Court Number 137/PUU-XIII/2015 and Number 56/PUU-XIV/2016 as the central government is no longer authorized to revoke Regional Regulations, indicates the importance of building synergy between the central government and regional governments in managing laws and regulations at the provincial level and districts/cities.

Abstract P3-15-02: Assessing the engagement related needs of researchers and patient advocates at the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center

Abstract Introduction: Engaging patient advocates in research is a practice that identifies and prioritizes patient perspectives and needs throughout the academic or clinical research process. “Patient advocates” may refer to those receiving care, survivors, caregivers, or other individuals with a stake in a patient’s respective health outcomes. Research shows that engaging advocates in research can have a multifaceted positive impact, including better quality research, expanded applicability of research, and greater understanding of findings within the patient community. However, most researchers report limited engagement of advocates in their research citing significant challenges in its implementation. Purpose:The purpose of this project was to identify the needs of researchers and advocates involved in research at the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center (Lineberger), in order to expand the capability and quality of their engagement. Lineberger recognized the importance of understanding the current engagement structure and identifying ways to increase meaningful opportunities for advocates to participate throughout the research process.Methods:To assess the needs of Lineberger researchers and advocates, we took a mixed-method approach to data collection and analysis. The needs of researchers were assessed quantitatively using a Qualtrics survey aimed at measuring researchers’ involvement and satisfaction with involving advocates in research, current communication methods, and training needs. Four interviews were also conducted with key informant researchers. To assess advocate needs, we conducted a focus group with five Lineberger advocates to explore their connection process with researchers, their training experience, and perceived utilization in cancer research. Quantitative data collected from the survey was analyzed using both Qualtrics’s internal report output and Excel. The interview and focus group recordings were reviewed and critical ideas were transcribed to identify themes.Results: Several common themes emerged when assessing the needs of researchers and advocates. Both groups felt the connection process between researchers and advocates could be improved. The lack of a formal process was a hindrance, with 25% of researchers reporting at least one experience where they were unable to find an advocate to include in their research. Participants also felt training would be helpful. Moreover, advocates and researchers felt that more frequent and streamlined communication would improve project work. Lastly, both groups expressed a desire to expand the advocate pool to include more diverse voices that adequately represent the community.Recommendations:We proposed several recommendations to address the identified needs. To increase connection between advocates and researchers, we recommend a centralized list of trained and vetted advocates available to all Lineberger researchers, and a process, run by a dedicated coordinator, to match available patients with study needs. To improve and increase communication between the two groups, Lineberger should develop a bidirectional, web-based communication platform. For increased efficacy of advocate contributions to research, Lineberger should provide formal, systematic training for researchers and advocates , each group receiving training on distinct, tailored topics. We recommend that the patient pool be intentionally diversified to include categories of gender, race, age, education level, economic status, and cancer-specific knowledge, which would better represent the Lineberger patient. profile. Lineberger should also provide adequate compensation for advocates involved in Lineberger research to ensure the engagement is equitable and ethical. Citation Format: Thomas Blount, Katherine Gora Combs, Caroline Mann Norwood, Emily Rose Skywark, Jennifer A. Potter, Angela Zhang, Patricia A. Spears. Assessing the engagement related needs of researchers and patient advocates at the UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-15-02.

THE NARRATIVE OF EXCOMMUNICATION AND PRESENCE OF THE GHOST CHARACTER IN THE NOVEL HANIYAH DAN ALA DI RUMAH TETERUGA BY ERNI ALADJAI

Literature that describes the setting or written by authors from eastern Indonesia becomes increasingly important as public awareness of that gap. This research fulfills that need by discussing the novel Haniyah dan Ala di Rumah Teteruga by Erni Aladjai. This research aims to describe the narrative of excommunication and selection of the ghost character in that conflict. This research uses a sociological theory approach and a conflict theory approach which is carried out using a qualitative method and based on a literature study. This research found that the excommunication narrative shows a social problem that is trying to be solved but becomes obscured since the clues were carried out by a ghost character. The ghost character in the story has another functions in the story, such as support the effectiveness of the story, trigger emotional impressions, and connects the story with historical events during the Dutch colonial period. Although considered as an abnormal choice of character, the ghost's presence in the narrative of excommunication builds parallel relationship to imply the idea of social criticism for a society that is obsessed with mysticism to repressive to the voices of truth.KEYWORDS: Conflict, Excommunication, Ghost Stories, Past

Junior High School Students Scientific Argumentation Skills on Conventional Biotechnology Materials

Argumentation skills are included as an important features for critical thinking that need to be trained to students. Being involved in argumentation leads students to be able to put forward arguments that are supported by data and scientific reasoning. The purpose of this study was to analyze students' scientific argumentation skills on biotechnology material using the Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) model. The method in this study used a qualitative descriptive method. Students' scientific argumentation skills during the learning process were analyzed from transcripts of audio recordings and learning videos known as Transcript Based Lesson Analysis (TBLA). The results of this study indicate that learning with the Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI) model can build students' scientific argumentation skills. The six categories of social negotiation have been identified from student conversations when involved in scientific arguments, but are still dominated by the idea construction components, namely information seeking and elaboration. Meanwhile, the components of criticism of ideas including challenging, supporting, rejecting and defending are not often used by students. This is due to the limited knowledge of students about the material and the low understanding of epistemic arguments where they are not accustomed to using scientific evidence to support their claims.

Splintered Mobilities as Viral Vector: Mobility Justice and Racial Kinopolitics

ABSTRACT Covid-19 has made self-evident the insidious effects of infrastructural splintering, especially in the United States, which are the outcome of the very processes first identified by Stephen Graham and Simon Marvin 20 years ago. Splintered infrastructures have left behind unequal access to safe streets, public transit, urban green space, social distancing, and remote work, revealing deep racial, ethnic, and class disparities in risk exposure and vulnerability. Inequitable mobilities within splintered infrastructural contexts are key contributing factors to the vast racial and ethnic disparities seen in SARS-CoV-2 exposure and death rates in the United States. This brief commentary on the intersection of infrastructure studies and critical mobility studies argues that a racial justice perspective offers an understanding of the materialities of injustice at multiple sites and scales that have shaped the pandemic in such uneven and detrimental ways. Focusing on the US context, it centers the racialized kinopolitics of American history at the heart of the Covid-19 pandemic. Beyond the unmaking of splintered urbanism—or a dream of universal infrastructure—pandemic recovery requires mobility justice as a reweaving of fugitive planning represented by critical ideas such as commoning, Marronage, and the undercommons.

On Harrowing in Dead Europe

ABSTRACT Dead Europe (2005) is a book about the harrowing of Isaac. The anti-Semitic logics of the novel inflect the familial curse that proceeds in the wake of Elias’s death, and the curse that haunts Isaac offers a re-emergence of a murderous anti-Semitic past. Yet this moment also confronts the critical reader with a choice: to embrace this supernatural motif of the curse or to shun it as psychopathology. Favouring the former, this article draws on the resources of Lacanian psychoanalysis and post-Marxist theory to analyse how this curse remains an exemplary trope. The argument will trace how Isaac is harrowed by the curse and, therein, ask what it means for Isaac to be harrowed. By looking again at the construction of the curse in Dead Europe, this article will examine some of the critical ideas that are uncovered by the novel’s supernaturalism.

Popper and His Popular Critics: Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend and Imre Lakatos: Appendix

Popper’s popular critics – Kuhn, Feyerabend, and Lakatos – replace his older, Wittgenstein-style critics, now defunct. His new critics played with the idea of criticism as beneficial, in vain search of variants of these that could better appeal to the public. Some of their criticism of Popper is valid but marginal for the dispute about rationality. He was Fallibilist; they hedged about it. He viewed learning from experience as learning from error; they were unclear about it. His view resembles Freud’s reality principle; they hedged about this too, as they defended the stupid idea of constructive criticism (namely, hold on to your faith in a refuted theory until you can replace it). He stressed his criticism of the view of science as inductive; they endorsed it. They differed from him significantly regarding their intended readers: he had addressed those who readily admit criticism and his popular critics addressed those who find it hard to admit openly that criticism upsets them somewhat. Current popular criticism of Popper’s ideas shows yet again the logical relation between the critical attitude and liberalism: liberalism without critically mindedness is permissible, scarcely the other way around. Hence, we better read the objection that Popper’s popular critics have launched against him not as criticism proper, but as somewhat reasonable protest against his use of the highest standards in his relentless advocacy of liberalism and of criticism in his valuation of science and of democracy as joint.

Women’s Experience of the City: Revising the Public/Private Distinction Within Feminist Geography

The way of construing the public and the private sets up the social, economic, and political groundwork for gender inequality in everyday life. That distinction has always been a geographic and fundamentally feminist matter. The article examines women’s experience of the city by combining two optics — a structural political and economic analysis with a feminist sensitivity to the arrangement of everyday life — while at the same time trying to deconstruct the dichotomy itself. Where exactly the boundary falls is of less consequence than understanding how the private is generated, how it is defined, constructed and regulated by the public; but it is also important to assess what emancipatory potential the private can offer in the current post-Fordist and post-socialist neoliberal context, which blurs such other binaries as production/reproduction and home/work. The article opens by recounting the history of the separation between the private and public as well as the discussions that it prompted and the criticism of those discussions. The historical moment when the private/public dichotomy was formed is then outlined with emphasis on the critique of ideas about the public, the private and the commons. In conclusion, the usefulness of the dichotomy is called into question by engaging with the alternatives developed by Black feminists (Black geographies), by theorists and practitioners of transnational feminism, with a focus on the everyday life, all of which open up new prospects for studying the dynamics of the private/public continuum. The article ultimately arrives at some conclusions on how the public and private should be examined today.

Berry Mayall and Roy Bhaskar: critical thinkers

Exchanges between the great range of disciplines and experts within IOE (Institute of Education), UCL’s Faculty of Education and Society (University College London, UK), can be very productive. This article celebrates two professors who, in markedly different ways, have transformed interdisciplinary understanding of their chosen specialties. Some of their ideas are summarised here to encourage readers who could benefit from their publications and are not yet familiar with them to be keen to study and gain from them. Berry Mayall and Roy Bhaskar might seem too dissimilar to fit into one article. Berry worked here for nearly fifty years, Roy for only seven. One was a sociologist, working mainly on empirical research, the other a philosopher developing extremely advanced theories. Yet they both developed critical new ideas and were under-recognised within IOE despite their international influence. Roy is such a prestigious philosopher, many may wonder why a whole article is not dedicated to him. My aims include recording some benefits of the interdisciplinary thinking he promoted. This article briefly considers some of the ideas that each developed and why these are important; their collaborative work; memories from colleagues they have influenced; and their contribution to IOE’s history and, potentially, to its future.

Сетевая культура и два вектора развития визуальных искусств

In the article, from the standpoint of the theory of network culture and the concept of «symbolic capital» by P. Bourdieu, the processes taking place in visual art practice under the influence of the development of the Internet are considered. Contemporary art practices and digital art explore the same symbolic capital from different conceptual positions. For contemporary artistic practice, the critical theory and idea of D. Kossuth about the search for the boundaries of art as such, the study of the socio-cultural reality of the here-and-now, and the formulation of the principles of identity remain the main ones. In digital practices, the focus is on the search for an individual style through the study of the structural features of the artistic language itself, autonomy from verbal commentary. The presence of these vectors is also associated with the redistribution of power capital under the influence of the development of network culture and the Internet, when the museum and gallery sphere is not able to control all the processes taking place in art practice. Not one of the participants in artistic communication possesses the integrity of power. Networks today have become a platform with their own power and authority. At the same time, rules from offline flow into the virtual environment and new restrictions are created, related both to the ontological features of digital logic and to the work of online communities.

AI Science and Engineering: A New Field

Discusses the emergence of artificial intelligence as a new field in engineering. AI first emerged in the 1950s and over the next few decades, experienced both advances and obstacles.1 However, there is now a new era of AI. The history of AI has been an acceleration from object intelligence (e.g., on symbol, behavior, and agent) to system intelligence (e.g., human, nature, and society), and from individual intelligence (e.g., learning intelligence) to metasynthetic intelligence (hybridizing and synthesizing intelligences). Building on the tumultuous AI evolutions, this new-generation AI is accelerating its pace of innovating, differentiating, transforming, and reshaping the world. The new-generation AI not only enables a smarter and more resilient humanity, well-being, and economy, but also everything else. What lessons can we learn from reviewing these AI advances and challenges? What makes AI science and engineering (AISE, or intelligent science and technology) a solid and comprehensive scientific field in addition to transforming other scientific and engineering disciplines and translating businesses and economy into their smart editions? What are the fundamental questions to be addressed in AISE? What forms the body of knowledge of AISE? What type of profile should AI professionals have to meet the requirements of AISE? What should AI education look like to produce qualified AI professionals? These questions deserve enduring, comprehensive, deep, creative, and critical thinking, ideas, and actions first and foremost to establish the AI field. Here, I share my limited view on AISE as a new discipline and the imperative developments, including the AI profession and AI education, to drive and enable the intelligent digital era and Industry 4.0. I hope my humble opinions will spur valuable debate and exchange and systematic and strategic developments of AISE in the broad AI community.

On the Universality of Philosophical Reflection: Reply to Critics

The author replies and comments on the critical remarks and ideas expressed by her opponents concerning the principle of reflexivity and its philosophical realization. The general idea of the opponents that philosophical reflection, even if addressed to itself, cannot ignore the results of empirical sciences, is highlighted.

A Sparse Oblique-Manifold Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Hyperspectral Unmixing

Hyperspectral unmixing (HU) has been one of the most significant tasks in hyperspectral image (HSI) processing. In recent years, nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has received great attention in the HU due to its simultaneous estimation, flexible modeling, and little requirement on prior information. However, several common NMF algorithms still suffer from high computational complexity, instability, and low convergence rate. Motivated by the matrix manifold theory, this article proposes a new sparse oblique-manifold ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {OB}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) NMF method from the perspective of matrix manifold. The critical idea of the proposed method is to regard the abundance matrix as locating on the oblique manifold, which eliminates its constraint of nonnegativity and sum-to-one and incorporates its intrinsic Riemannian geometry. Meanwhile, the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{1/2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -norm on the Euclidean space can be transformed equivalently into the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$L_{1}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -norm on oblique manifold. Then, via solving this sparse <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {OB}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> NMF by the Riemannian conjugated gradient (RCG) algorithm and the multiplicative iterative rule, the proposed method not only ensures improvement in the solution accuracy but also leads to a much faster convergence rate. Experimental results from the synthetic and real-world datasets illustrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method compared with the state-of-the-art NMF methods in HU.

CRITIQUE OR RATIONALITY: THE CONUNDRUM OF MODERNITY

This paper is an attempt to contextualize the movement from positivism to critique to provide one way to be able think through the entanglement of reason and critique in modernity. Modernity with all its emphasis on rules and laws comes with rationality that changes the way societies have been ordered and structured. Schooling stands as an important site to understand some of these shifts where scientific rationality brings in the disciplinary apparatus that covers a wide range on systemic and epistemic violence. By delving on the paradox of modernity, the paper argues how critique as an idea emerged simultaneously with the ever-growing power of rationality. Kant in his famous critical project tried joining the two into a single constituent, yet critique kept coming back with the movement of Frankfurt school, where it distanced itself from reason. Subsequently with the work of Michel Foucault, critique was not completely taken over by the forces of modernity, and instead emerged as a response to modernity. This paper argues that the idea of critique provides us with an opening to some of the questions that education system in India is struggling with. These questions become significant to trace the anxieties of democracy, and provide a better vantage point to have a grasp on our political economy. By providing space to critique, the paper salvages it by using Foucault’s frame that becomes central to the project of desubjectification – central to education systems

Call for Social Justice in Arvind Adiga’s The White Tiger

The paper aims at examining Arvind Adiga’s The White Tiger in the light of social justice under the then political establishments of India where globalization has almost paralyzed the heart of democracy itself. Adiga deploys many techniques to intensify his arguments, the amalgamation of which has a magic-like emphatic effect in his expression of bitterness. He mixes up lightheartedness, extremity of injustice, IT age version of epistolary mode, and playful colloquial language in such a way it hypnotizes the readers from suspecting frequent exaggerations of situations and lack of authenticity in his depiction. The paper ultimately argues that Adiga calls for a just society through the novel. He feels ashamed of the contemporary democratic practice which may produce many, many Balrams unless the system of government restores social justice in time. With strong conviction on democracy as a good system of government, Adiga leaves a note of optimism amid confusion and hopelessness. As a staunch democrat, he has two ways of reformation in the present practice in the final chapter: the first for the short-run and the other for the long-run. Ultimately, Adiga envisions that enlightened citizenry can contribute to the free and fair practice of democracy and of globalization in the long run. The study adopts qualitative based literary mode of research. It draws primary data through close reading of the text in question. Then the firsthand data from the text will be analyzed drawing and departing the ideas of critics and thinkers of social justice, globalization and democracy as well as.

Harnessing the Power of Reflective Journal Writing in Global Contexts: A Systematic Literature Review

writing that has significant impacts on student writers worldwide and identify the qualities of reflective journal writing that foster transformative practices involving personal, relational, and intellectual activities. This systematic literature review incorporated important theoretical frameworks into acceptable convictions. A thorough analysis of 20 recently published research articles (out of 450) from 2016 to 2021 aimed to present written arguments that support thesis positions and credible evidence, as well as determine the global contexts of writing practices. The findings showed that reflective journal writing reinforced a profound transformation to further explore self-discovery, self-inquiry, and critical ideas. It is also concerned with writing performance, as well as the advancement of cognitive and metacognitive writing skills. Reflective journal writers' voices empowered significant changes in a variety of writing aspects, including personal idea exploration, creativity, self-organization, and professional practice development. These findings have implications for encouraging critical reflection, self-expression, and critical thinking among students. They should write reflective journals that can have an impact on a global community and allow them to bring about transformations.

Social Control as a Factor of Social Progress

Introduction. Social control is considered in the aspect of social philosophy, in the contexts of ideas of social dynamics, social changes, instrumentalities, manufacturability and criticism of instrumental reason. Methods. Research materials, philosophical, sociological, sociocultural works that form the methodological basis of social control. Methods of social statistics, social changes and transformations, social processes, social representation, social topology, constellation and typology are applied in macro- and microanalysis of social space in the study of quality of life problems, the formation and comparison of social practices in the context of the formation of modern forms of social control, informatization, optimization and humanitarization of the social environment, measurement of human capital in the aspect of social criticism. Results. Social control is a multifaceted and universal phenomenon, it is a mechanism that connects people, marking the application of goals, value orientations and norms. Social control is the most important factor in the state of “maturity” of society, the quality of the communication space, the public and power structures. Conclusion. Social control of important information about production, culture, cultural life of society, historical culture.

Education in the Anthropocene: From Theorists towards Young Climate Activists

This paper continues the scientific discussion on education in the Anthropocene and focuses on the complexity of future education from the learner’s perspective. The first part of the paper explores proposals for education in the Anthropocene from the posthumanist perspective, based on the critical remarks and ideas of different theorists, such as Annette Gough, Nathan Snaza, and Brad Petitfils. The second part focuses on the children of the Anthropocene as the reality of today’s education. The third part looks at the case of young climate activists, who can be considered to be children of the Anthropocene, and how their relationship with education is changing. Young climate activists experience doubts, distrust, and disappointment over formal education, its practice, and its future. Therefore, climate activism movements can be treated as a unique learning environment for young people that also compensates what children of the Anthropocene are missing in formal education.

01.Shamsur Rahman Farooqi And Urdu Literature, شمس الرحمان فاروقی اور اردو ادب،

This article seeks to evaluate distnuguished Urdu critic Shamsur Rahman Faruqi's contributions to Urdu Literature in general and in criticism particularly. In early phase of his literay career, he was heavily influenced by Western critical ideas but with the passage of time he became crtical of Western literary notions. He came to believe that poetry, fiction and other imaginative writings are deeply embedded in their respective indigenous cultures. Hence, Faruqi resorted to study of classical Persian and Urdu Literature in the light of their own poetics. This article sets out to delineate Faruqui's theoretical considerations and practical implications of the poetics of classical Urdu Ghazal and Urdu Dastan. That poetics is local and cultural is a postcolonial idea put forth in the backdrop of hegemonic imposition of Western literary cannonistion.