Critical Discourse Analysis Approach Research Articles

NARASI PELIYANAN PEMBERITAAN ANIES BASWEDAN PASCA DEKLARASI PENCALONAN PRESIDEN 2024 DALAM DETIK.COM: KAJIAN ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS

This article aims to analyze the news regarding Anies Baswedan after the declaration of the presidential nomination by the NasDem Party based on Norman Fairclough's critical discourse analysis approach. The data source comes from news related to Anies Baswedan in the online news media Detik.com. Documentation techniques were used in this study through observing, taking notes, and capturing screens. The data is in the form of the title and text of Anies Baswedan's news coverage on the online media Detik.com for two months, namely between 03 October 2022 and 03 December 2022. The results of data identification at the textual level and discourse practice show a tendency that is not neutral in reporting on Anies Baswedan. Reports on the online media Detik.com tend not to support Anies Baswedan in his candidacy for the 2024 presidential election and favor other figures. On the dimension of sociocultural practice, news production related to Anies Baswedan on Detik.com is related to situational aspects and the institutional background of the media. In addition, Indonesia's social and political context after the 2017 DKI Jakarta gubernatorial election and the 2019 presidential election influenced Anies Baswedan's opinion as an opposition figure to President Jokowi's government, which was supported by the Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan.

WOMEN UNDERREPRESENTATION IN THE MUSIC INDUSTRY REFLECTED FROM TAYLOR SWIFT’S BILLBOARD “WOMAN OF THE DECADE” SPEECH

Studies on women underrepresentation within various fields have been widely conducted, indicating that people are well-aware of the issue. Nonetheless, little attention has been paid to women underrepresentation in the music industry. Thus, this research focuses on examining the issue through Taylor Swift’s Billboard “Woman of the Decade” speech. Critical Discourse Analysis approach was applied in this research. The data were taken from Taylor Swift’s speech transcript, which was accessible in Billboard’s official website (www.billboard.com). It can be concluded that Taylor Swift’s speech reflects issue of women underrepresentation in the music industry through at least two linguistic features, namely pronouns and assertive speech act. The use of inclusive pronouns “we” and “us” in her speech supports that women tend to seek intimacy and build strong relationship with their peers, while the exclusive pronoun “they” was employed to refer to people who criticized women in the music industry. Furthermore, Taylor Swift used assertive speech act to be vocal about the issue of unfair treatment received by women in the industry, as well as to empower them to keep on making music under any circumstances, breaking society’s stereotype that women are not likely to be assertive.
 Keywords: critical discourse analysis; music industry; women underrepresentation

Problematics of Unrequited Love in the Modern Javanese Song “Klebus” by Ngatmombilung (Critical Discourse Analysis)

Love can be interpreted as a process that occurs in society, begins with a feeling of happiness, romance, and harmony. However, love can also end in heartbreak, disappointment, unrequited love, suffering, and so on. One of the sad endings to love experinced by many people, especially young people, is unrequited love. This study aim to analyze the problematic nature of unrequited love in the modern Javanese song titled “Klebus”, which was popularized by Ngatmombilung. The research method is descriptive-qualitative with the critical discourse analysis approach of Norman Fairclough to explore the meaning of songs critically and in depth. Data collection techniques include document studies, content analysis, and interviews. Data analysis techniques are carried out in three dimensions, namely textual dimensions, discursive practice dimensions, and sociocultural practical dimensions, to get appropriate conclusions. This study shows that in the song "Klebus", there is a representation of the problems of the love story of someone who is not avenged even though they struggled and gave their best. Young people who have an attitude of being too hopeful about the feelings of others can actually cause pain, disappointment, sadness, and suffering. In the end, letting go and accepting reality becomes the right choice.

Gender ideology and power relations in Sahebjam’s Stoning of Soraya M: A feminist critical discourse analysis

The context of the study is the ongoing protests and demonstrations by women in many places in Iran. The aim of this study is to examine gender ideology and power in Sahebjam’s Stoning of Soraya M. Qualitative descriptive method is used to investigate the relationship between gender ideology and power relations and how it creates power imbalance between men and women in Iranian society. The primary data source for this research is a novel, Stoning of Soraya M by Freidoune Sahebjam, which was first published in September 12, 1990. Data are analyzed through the lens of Critical Discourse Analysis approach, more specifically, Lazar’s Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (2007). The findings of the study suggest that the country's laws, including the Constitution, the Civil Code, and the Criminal Code create a complicated legal environment for women. While the Constitution guarantees equal civil rights for men and women, religious law superseds other laws and is frequently abused by individuals to commit crimes against women. This study reveals how gender ideology and power relations regarding women reflected through discourse can demonstrate how women are treated in different parts of the world.Keywords: Gender Ideology, Power, Novel, Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis

Discourse on Violence Against Balinese Women in the Novel “Sukreni Gadis Bali”: A Literary Anthropological Study

This article aims to examine the discourse of violence against Balinese women in the novel Sukreni Gadis Bali based on a study of literary anthropology. This study uses a qualitative method with a critical discourse analysis approach. Sukreni represents Balinese women who continuously experience violence in their lives due to the power of patriarchal culture. He became a victim of parental divorce. Her identity was toyed with by her father to fulfil his ego. She became a victim of trafficking in women and sexual violence. From a feminist perspective, the novel Sukreni Gadis Bali shows the author's criticism of the discourse on violence against Balinese women due to patriarchal culture.

A Critical Discourse Analysis of Medical English Course Syllabuses

This article presents an analysis of the teacher-student power relationship embedded in three English for Medical Purposes (EMP) course syllabuses at a case study university. The study employs Fairclough's critical discourse analytical approach to examine the linguistic elements of the syllabuses, including verbs, modality, and quantifying adjectives. The findings reveal that the syllabuses textually represent an unequal power relationship, with the teachers holding significant authority over the students. This finding is significant as it contradicts some recommendations that ESP teaching should avoid a teacher-centred approach. By analysing the linguistic elements of the syllabuses, this study provides valuable insights into the power dynamics in EMP courses and highlights the importance of critically examining course materials for equitable and student-centred learning environments.

Intersectional approaches to data: The importance of an articulation mindset for intersectional data science

Data's increasing role in society and high profile reproduction of inequalities is in tension with traditional methods of using social data for social justice. Alongside this, ‘intersectionality’ has increased in prominence as a critical social theory and praxis to address inequalities. Yet, there is not a comprehensive review of how intersectionality is operationalized in research data practice. In this study, we examined how intersectionality researchers across a range of disciplines conduct intersectional analysis as a means of unpacking how intersectional praxis may advance an intersectional data science agenda. To explore how intersectionality researchers collect and analyze data, we conducted a critical discourse analysis approach in a review of 172 articles that stated using an intersectional approach in some way. We contemplated whether and how Collins’ three frames of relationality were evident in their approach. We found an over-reliance on the additive thinking frame in quantitative research, which poses limits on the potential for this research to address structural inequality. We suggest ways in which intersectional data science could adopt an articulation mindset to improve on this tendency.

Considering Modern Shia Thoughts on Religious Harmony: Husain Faḍlullah’s Contribution in Min Waḥy al-Qur’an

This article aims to reveal Muhammad Husein Faḍlullah’s ideas about Religious Harmony as contained in his commentary, min waḥy al-Qur’an. Faḍlullah’s thoughts are relevant to study in the current context to see the idea of harmony from a different perspective, namely the Modern Shia school. By using a qualitative paradigm with a critical discourse analysis approach to Faḍlullah’s works, this study found two findings: first, Modern Shia consistently offers the concept of Ijtimā’ī Adabī interpretation which is centered on the ideas of tolerance, harmony between religious communities, social holiness, and rejection against all forms of radicalism; second, Interpretation products are inseparable from ideological ideas and teachings of their schools. At this point, even though Faḍlullah is involved in the political movement of the Hezbollah Party, which tends to be radical, his thoughts still represent his school of thought, especially regarding religious tolerance and harmony. From these findings, this study also wants to emphasize that a person’s background does not directly influence the product of his thoughts in the future, as stated by Naṣr Ḥamid Abū Zayd. This research supports Andrew Silke and Tinka Veldhuis’s findings regarding “Countering violent extremism in prisons: A review of key recent research and critical research gaps” that the personal character and personal experience factors of the author determine the product of one’s interpretation

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF RHETORICAL DEVICES IN JOE BIDEN INAUGURATION SPEECH 2021

Abstract: In this study, researchers used a descriptive qualitative method to analyze data on rhetorical devices and how this was applied in the inauguration speech for the 2021 United States president. This study used theory from Jones and Peccei (2004) and the CDA approach by Van Dijk at the microstructural level. This study aims to find out how the speaker conveys the implied meaning by using rhetorical devices and also to find out how this is constructed in this speech. After data collection, the data is identified and analyzed using rhetorical devices based on the theory of Jones and Peccei 2004 coupled with critical discourse analysis which is limited to the microstructural elements of Van Dijk's theory. The researcher found that the speaker used all kinds of rhetorical devices, except for euphemisms. Those rhetorical devices are metaphor, parallelism, the rule of three, and pronouns. There are 16 devices found in the data. Based on the findings, the most dominant is parallelism, this shows that speakers like to use similar structures in explaining and conveying the contents of speech without changing the context. In addition, it can be concluded that the use of rhetorical devices and critical discourse analysis approaches in delivering speeches can contribute to making speeches more interesting and memorable.

Image of Ideal Housewife in Yoga Arizona's HappyFresh #BikinMertuaHappy Advertisement

Advertisement has the potential to exploit female figures elaborated with particular signs or language that allude to gender bias in society to achieve commercial goals. One of the representations of women in advertisements shows the social position of women as subordinated figures in the domestic areas. This strategy is also applied in Yoga Arizona’s Happyfresh #BikinMertuaHappy advertisement posted on his Instagram account on July 25, 2020. This study examined the image of the ideal housewife as depicted in that advertisement. The research data include the visual and textual elements sourced from the video and caption in the advertisement. The depiction of the ideal housewife was analyzed using the Critical Discourse Analysis approach by Sara Mills (2003), examining the subject-object and writer-audience positions. This study has identified that the housewife plays double roles as the subject and the object in the advertisement, and the writer positions the audience as those who share common characteristics with the main character. This study has revealed that the ideal housewife depicted is the one that is capable, attentive, and reliable in taking care of the family to meet the mother-in-law’s standards. The positioning of women in the advertisement supports the gender imbalance in a domestic context.

Women’s Empowerment and Confidence in Pop Music: A Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis of Little Mix’s Lyric Song “Change Your Life”

Empowering women in home, the workplace, the market and the community require building self-confidence which is a challenging matter. It is not easy to inspire people to have a better sense of self-worth and endeavor better personal, social and economical life. Pop music nowadays, can inspire people and basically women to change and have better life. This paper intends to investigate women’s empowerment and confidence in Little Mix’s pop lyric song “change your life” through the feminist critical discourse analysis approach. This paper aims to identify the linguistic concepts of women’s empowerment and their ideological perspectives. The problem under investigation implies that women’s issues are still of interest to study in different disciplines but instead of focusing only on how women are portrayed and represented in different genres such as reports, essays, movies, network and music; the direction has changed to identify the linguistic concepts that empower women. Therefore, different transitivity processes are intended to address women’s mentality and emotional appeal which reflect in turn different social ideologies. The data involve the analysis of Little Mix’s band lyric song “change your life”. The paper is conducted through the qualitative research approach based on an eclectic model including Lazar’s (2005) “Feminist Critical Discourse Perspective”, Fairclough’s (2003) Three-Dimensional Model and Halliday and Hasan’s (1985) Systematic Functional Linguistics model. The study concludes that Pop music depends on using three types of transitivity processes including material, mental and relational in order to improve women’s mentality, confidence and desire to create change in their life.

National Speeches on Notable Political Figures

This study highlighted the value and appropriateness of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) in the examination of national speeches of political leaders for policy pronouncements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the interplay among power, ideology, and language and the mechanisms deployed in the national discourses of some notable political leaders to capture reality, manipulate, persuade and shape the audience (citizenry) to action. This study underscored the capability of Critical discourse analysis (CDA) to investigate the manner by which social power abuse, dominance, and inequality are enacted, reproduced, and resisted by text and talk in the social and political contexts. The study revealed attempts at ideology legitimization and power dominance through the use of cognitive discourses. We are taken through the empowerment ability of discourse in diverse socio-political contexts and how power relies on discourse for multidisciplinary actions that convince the citizenry to acknowledge, sustain and advocate their leaders’ ideologies. The study adopted a conceptual framework and relied on secondary and tertiary sources. The study also made recommendations to scholars on how to adopt discourse-related methodologies to enhance knowledge creation in political addresses. Lastly, the study acknowledged the limitations of the CDA approach.

CONTESTATION OF MODERATE ISLAMIC DISCOURSE IN NU.OR.ID AND MUHAMMADIYAH.OR.ID WEBSITES

This study intends to investigate how moderate Islam is contested on the websites muhammadiyah.or.id and nu.or.id. This study uses Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis approach as a sort of content analysis research. The findings of this study demonstrate that, in the first place, the discourse of moderate Islam in NU media is presented under the slogan “Globalizing Moderate Islam,” while in Muhammadiyah media, the discourse of moderate Islam is presented in relation to ”he accomplishments in seven different areas, including economy, education, morality, social issues, da'wah, nationality, and gender. Second, the discourse process used to portray moderate Islam is examined in terms of textual, social, and sociocultural praxis dimensions. This analysis reveals the various ways that moderate Islam is interpreted as well as the motivations behind such interpretations.

The Construction of Racism in Cartoon Films: A Critical Discourse Analysis

Animation is an industry that is expanding more quickly than ever. Every child’s favorite activity is watching cartoons. Therefore, it is essential to be cautious of the kinds of cartoon films children and teenagers tend. Because children and teenagers are the target audience for these films. This study aims at exposing a hidden enactment, namely racism, in a well-known cartoon film, Lion King, which has been selected accurately by the researchers because it shapes a set of ideas about black people and constructs prejudiced beliefs in their minds. This study is to answer the inquiry ‘Is the ideology of racism imposed in Lion King? And how?’ The significance of the present paper lies in highlighting the educational function of cartoon films so parents and caregivers become more aware. In addition, this study is crucial for researchers in the critical discourse analysis approach in the sense of how van Dijk’s (2000) model can be applied to children’s literature. The ideology of racism is investigated in the language of the film’s characters. The researchers have concluded that the ideology of racism is promoted in Lion King using various linguistic tools and strategies.

The relationship between design criticism and society in modern China: A case study of the Nanyang Industrial Exposition

Based on the context of the political, economic, cultural, and technological environment of modern Chinese society, this study adopts the approach of critical discourse analysis to elucidate the social meanings produced by the design criticism texts in the Nanyang Industrial Exposition and the dialectical relationship between the texts and the social structure. Based on an analysis of 66 articles on design criticism and 70 articles on social context published between 1908 and 1930, three main points are proposed in this study. First, critics should discuss design in a broader social context to relate the design to production, consumption, and people’s everyday lives. Second, any public area that encourages ‘conversation’ can serve as a platform for design criticism. Third, critical writing should not be limited by genre, as it should be presented to readers in any form that provokes thought.

Capitalising shadow education: A critical discourse analysis of private tuition websites in Singapore

Shadow education, or supplementary private tutoring, has expanded to become a multi-billion-dollar industry worldwide, capitalising on the desires of parents and their children to succeed and excel in education. In doing so, shadow education draws upon and reproduces cultural capital represented by knowledge, skills and educational credentials and symbolic capital constituted in the prestige, privilege and legitimacy of educational achievement. The study on which this article is based adopts a critical discourse analytic approach to examine the websites of five leading private tuition centres in Singapore as seen through the lens of Bourdieu’s concept of capital. The aim is to identify specific forms of cultural capital, examine how they are harnessed for promotional purposes, and show how this reflects and reproduces the forms and representations of educational achievement and success valued in Singapore. Findings offer a deeper understanding of the marketing discourse of shadow education that pivots on the quality of private tutors, success beyond examinations and school, and concrete representations of social distinction and achievement. More significantly, the study contributes to research situated at the nexus of shadow education and Bourdieu’s concept of capital to shed light on how shadow education reflects and magnifies broader socio-cultural orientations and socio-economic structures.

CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF TEUN A. VAN DIJK'S APPROACH TO THE NEWS ARTICLE "SPREAD OF PMK, MUI CENTRAL JAVA REVEALS LEGITIMATE CONDITIONS FOR SACRIFICIAL ANIMALS"

Towards the celebration of Eid al-Adha in 2022, there was a lot of discussion in the media, both print and online, about the outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in livestock. The purpose of this research is (1) to describe the text structure of the news according to the critical discourse analysis approach by Teun A. Van Dijk, and (2) to describe the characteristics of critical discourse analysis in the news text. This study employed a qualitative descriptive research method using Teun Van Dijk's Critical Discourse Analysis model. The data source for this research was a news article titled "Critical Discourse Analysis using Teun A. Van Dijk's Approach on the News 'FMD Outbreak, Central Java MUI Reveals Conditions for Valid Sacrificial Animals'" published on jatengprov.go.id (Central Java Provincial Government Public Relations and Protocol Office) in June 2022. The data collection technique involved reading and note-taking. The data analysis used in this research was qualitative data analysis using an interactive model. The analysis process consisted of three steps: (1) data reduction, (2) data presentation, and (3) verification or conclusion. These three steps of data analysis were interconnected and had a sequential relationship. The results of the research showed that (1) the text structure of the news aligned with Van Dijk's theoretical structure, which includes macro structure, supra-text structure, and micro-text structure, and (2) based on the characteristics of critical discourse analysis, such as action, context, history, power, and ideology, several opinions in the newspaper text writing could be influenced. Keywords: Discourse analysis, Foot and Mouth Disease, Teun A. Van Dijk.

Cisgender Identity Amid Figured Worlds: Toward a Close Encounter of Being a (Masque) Uline in MPSPC’s Male Dominated Course

Education takes on direction and meaning as we try to figure out who we are. So, where do we begin on our new paths to achieving our goals of educating ourselves while maintaining our identities in a school setting? Individual interviews and observations were done throughout the paper to learn how students [personally] identified as “cisgender” male students perceive the Bontoc campus atmosphere at the ROTC UNIT-MPSPC and how that climate in the Criminology Department shapes their experiences. By employing a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) approach that considers the ways in which sexuality, gender, class, and other identity markers intersect, this study adapted Queer Theory, Gee's (2005) analytic guidelines, and Holland, et al. Figured World Identity (FWI) category that draws particularly from exploring three Bachelor of Science in Criminology male students' constructions of being cisgender that shaped their criminology careers. Rather than viewing identity through a singular lens, the term identity displays how manifold characteristics of one’s identity comes together to form one’s complete (gender) identity, conveying concurrently the mechanisms and the whole.

Sex Workers’ Online Humor as Evidence of Resilience

Sex workers’ humor has received comparatively little attention in the literature to date, and work that does consider this phenomenon focuses on humor in face-to-face contexts. Increasingly, elements of sex workers’ labor and community building take place online. This article examines the emergence of sex work humor in online spaces, considering how this humor provides evidence of resilience within this community. The article uses a critical discourse analysis approach blended with a cultural studies lens to examine 171 discrete texts drawn from sex work communities in Australia and New Zealand. These include social media postings from peer-led organizations and correspondence between sex workers and their clients, which was profiled in news media during the COVID-19 lockdowns. The humor evident within these texts falls into three major categories: humor about clients; humor as a mechanism of discussing stigma and discrimination; and humor as an agent of activism and social change. The findings indicate that humor can be evidence of resilience among sex-working communities, that it is politically productive and effective from a communications perspective, and present the possibility that it may also contribute to resilience. The presence of humor in online sex work spaces of sociality further highlights the importance of these spaces for community building, and draws attention to additional harms created by deplatforming.

Strategic lexicalization in courtroom discourse: A corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis

This paper adopts a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis approach to explore the pragmatics of lexical categories in courtroom discourse. More specifically, this paper probes the extent to which courtroom interlocutors employ particular lexemes to achieve specific pragmatic purposes, which, in turn, contributes to understanding the way language operates effectively within legal settings. The data used is taken from the testimony of former American President William Clinton during his impeachment trial for the ‘Monica Lewinsky Affair’. The analytical focus is on 17 lexemes representing four lexical categories, namely nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs, by highlighting their frequency distribution in the testimony and revealing their significance as conduits for particular pragmatic meanings. Two main findings are revealed in this paper: first, within particular contexts, lexical categories are not only content knowledge units but also pragmatic meaning carriers whose functions go beyond their most commonly-used semantic sense. These pragmatic functions include information confirmation, verification, elicitation, dissociation, uncertainty, and clarification. Second, applying a corpus-assisted critical discourse analysis approach to the study of courtroom discourse contributes to contextualizing the linguistic analysis of the use of language in courtrooms and offers a more functionally based discussion of the pragmatic use of language in legal settings.