Critical Chain Project Management Research Articles

Review Kapasitas Daya Dukung Dan Tinjauan Waktu Pelaksanaan Bore Pile Pada Pembangunan Jembatan Jalan Bebas Hambatan Binjai Pangkalan Brandan

In the Sei Wampu Bridge work project, Binjai Pangkalan Brandan carried out bore pile foundation installation work at the A2 foundation point with a total of 21 piles. Review of the bearing capacity of bore pile foundations using Analysis from Meyerhof (1956) and the Converse-Labarre Formula method for the calculation of pile group efficiency. The time of completion of work based on the time schedule plan is 125 calendar days. This research conducted a review using the Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) method to obtain time efficiency, so that the project can be carried out on time.
 From the results of analysis and discussion, it was obtained that the largest foundation carrying capacity was the result of laboratory data using method C. Significant differences in results were obtained, especially laboratory data due to the correlation value used in each method. The result of calculating the bearing capacity of the foundation based on the method of Luciano Decourt (1987) using N-SPT data is 287,600.76 kN; Meyerhof's (1956) method using N-SPT data is 265,062.68 kN; a combination of Meyerhof's method (1976), Vesic's method (1977); the combination of the Vesic method (1977), the Coyle and Castello method (1981) and the results of foundation carrying capacity analysis using the All Pile program is 41,159.85 kN.
 The Critical Chain Project Management method is defined as the longest chain of interrelated events, where the linkage lies in the work or resources that are interconnected with each other, by cutting 50% of the duration of the work and replacing it as a buffer. The time comparison obtained from the calculation results using the CCPM method obtained a time efficiency of 116 days with a work time difference of 7.2% or about 9 days from the existing duration of the previous 125 days, while to compare the results of the CCPM method, calculations were carried out based on realization for 97 days, where the realization results were smaller than using the CCPM method and time schedule plan.
 Keywords : Bore pile, Carrying capacity, Time review

Boosting Construction Project Timeline: The Case of Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM)

Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) has emerged as a notable approach in recent years for improving time management in construction projects. This methodology focuses on optimizing project schedules, and its impact on construction projects has been explored through a review of literature from the past five years. However, a theoretical understanding alone may not be sufficient for promoting the adoption of CCPM in the sector. Therefore, an experimental study was conducted to assess the practical impact of CCPM on shortening the timeline of a construction project. The study involved the use of CPM for the planning phase and CCPM for the execution phase of finishing works (drywalls, carpentry, painting) in three identical blocks of flats. At the completion of the project, an important economy of 36 days (around 20%) was achieved, and the project was completed in 151 days using CCPM compared to the planned 187 days using CPM. The research was limited to finishing works, and further studies are planned to explore the applicability of CCPM to other construction works. It is imperative to establish a continuous collaboration between researchers and practitioners in the construction industry, as research findings should be effectively applied in real-world scenarios.

A Systematic Review on Critical Chain Project Management

Theory of Constraints (TOC) is the parent concept for the development of critical chain project management (CCPM). CCPM is the application of TOC. The project management literature has taken a keen interest in this. The key element of CCPM such as the Theory of Constraints, CCPM scheduling, Activity duration, types of buffers and their positioning, and buffer sizing techniques are reviewed by the author. This includes activity duration factors such as student syndrome and Parkinson’s laws. Multitasking affects project cost and CCPM & TOC provide the solution. The authors conclude that, even though CCPM contains several useful principles, it does not entirely address all project management requirements. As a result, companies should exercise extreme caution when excluding conventional project management techniques. Keywords: CCPM, Buffer sizing, Buffer type, Project Management

A Systematic Review on Critical Chain Project Management

Theory of Constraints (TOC) is the parent concept for the development of critical chain project management (CCPM). CCPM is the application of TOC. The project management literature has taken a keen interest in this. The key element of CCPM such as the Theory of Constraints, CCPM scheduling, Activity duration, types of buffers and their positioning, and buffer sizing techniques are reviewed by the author. This includes activity duration factors such as student syndrome and Parkinson’s laws. Multitasking affects project cost and CCPM & TOC provide the solution. The authors conclude that, even though CCPM contains several useful principles, it does not entirely address all project management requirements. As a result, companies should exercise extreme caution when excluding conventional project management techniques. Keywords: CCPM, Buffer sizing, Buffer type, Project Management

Productivity Analysis Using the Critical Chain Project Method Management (CCPM) on Repair Projects Geomarin-III ship 649 DWT.

Ship repair project planning still often encountered problems that delay ship repair projects to achieve complete ship repair projects. Delays are due to frequent mismatches between ship repair scheduling and conditions that occur at the shipyard. The most commonly used method is the Critical Path Method (CPM). But in reality, the CPM method is considered less effective because there is still safety time for each job. Technological developments found the latest method, namely Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM). This method removes the safety time contained in the CPM method and replaces it with buffer time which is placed at the end of work activities. This study aims to analyze the duration of the critical path, determine labor costs, and the amount of buffer duration on the repair of the Geomarin-III 649 DWT ship. Based on the calculation results obtained on the repair of the Geomarin-III 649 DWT ship with the Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) method is 10 days, 10 days faster than the normal duration. The labor cost obtained using the CCPM method is IDR. 54,017,500, saving 35% of the normal cost is IDR. 82,680,000, but if the buffer time is used thoroughly, the total estimated labor cost for the CCPM method will increase due to the addition of labor and the duration of the buffer time obtained by the CCPM method as a substitute for safety time, which is 9 days project buffer and 3 days feeding buffers. Based on this research, it was found that the CCPM method is considered effective and can accelerate the duration of the project and minimize labor costs.

The Influence of Level of Funding on Implementation of Physical Infrastructure Projects in Public Secondary Schools

The free primary education and subsidized secondary levels resulted to high enrolment in secondary schools in Kenya. This led to congestion on the existing facilities, especially in government aided secondary schools hence creating the need to construct more relevant physical facilities. However, in many government aided secondary schools, there are examples of faulty project implementation in terms of; incomplete buildings, inadequate instructional materials in some schools, poorly developed play grounds, laboratories with inadequate equipment, congested class rooms and lack of departmental offices. This study therefore aimed at establishing the influence of level of funding on physical infrastructure implementation: a case of Trans-Nzoia and West Pokot Counties, Kenya. The study adopted the Critical Chain Project Management theory while the descriptive survey design was employed. The target population comprised of the principals, the Board of Management (BOM) members, Sub County and County Directors of Education. Questionnaires and interview guides were used in data collection. The validity and reliability of the tools was done by use of the expert’s opinions and a test re-tests technique respectively. The quantitative data was analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and presented by using descriptive statistics. Qualitative data was organized thematically and analyzed alongside the corresponding quantitative data. The findings revealed that; West Pokot County government allocated more funds towards infrastructure compared to Trans Nzoia. There was more donor support in West Pokot County than Trans Nzoia. Allocation and disbursement of funds from the ministry of Education and Constituency Development Funds delayed. As a result, schools in Trans Nzoia charged parents fees for infrastructure development. Allocation and disbursement of Funds from the ministry of education and the Constituency Development Funds delayed. The study recommended that there is need for more capacity building on outsourcing of resources to help implement projects in secondary schools in the two Counties. The findings from the study would be helpful to policy makers in developing informed policy in financing and implementation in education sector.

Buffer Sizing in Critical Chain Project Management by Brittle Risk Entropy

In order to solve the problems such as project duration delay caused by unreasonable buffer zone setting, a critical chain buffer zone setting method is proposed based on fragility theory. Firstly, we propose that the construction process is brittle and the brittleness of the construction process was analyzed. Secondly, this paper introduces a risk-integrated impact rate to describe the uncertainty of the construction process and establishes a brittle risk entropy function. Then, it presents entropy models and modification models of project buffers and feeding buffers based on the original Root Square Error Method. Finally, an engineering project was selected as an example, and the simulation was carried out using the Monte Carlo simulation software Crystal Ball, and the resulting method was compared with three buffer zone calculation methods. The results show that the method can effectively reduce the construction period and is effective and practical when compared to the other three buffer calculation methods. The results of the study provide a new way of thinking about buffer settings based on existing critical chain project management methods.

Perencanaan Proyek Struktur Semi Gantry Crane Menggunakan Critical Chain Project Management

Project completion work has problems related to project completion not being on time, thereby increasing costs and resources. The work on the gantry crane structure includes projects that experience problems related to incompatibility between project planning and actual project work. This study aims to plan project activities by speeding up processing time and providing prevention strategies to minimize project delays. This study uses the critical chain project management method using the cut & paste method by 30%. The results showed the total buffer time was ten days, consisting of eight project buffer days and two feeding buffer days. The total time for the semi-gantry crane structure project has accelerated from 43 days to 33 days. Suggestions for prevention that can be done to complete the project according to the plan are adding project workers, adding tools or machines, and eliminating multitasking activities that cause project workers not to finish their work immediately.

CRITICAL CHAIN PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

Modern Construction industry has achieved broad development overall especially in couple of years. Construction is the second biggest monetary movement in India after agribusiness. Poor Planning in Construction Projects results in delay in completion and financial losses. Developed Countries have adopted Significant planning measures and technique to minimize or eliminate delays at construction projects. Lack of foresight in Construction Projects brings about defer in finish and monetary misfortunes. Countries have embraced Significant arranging measures and method to limit or take out delays at development projects. A real preparation and assets coordination between clients and labour force is expected to finish the undertaking in time period, which is a lot of ailing in Indian Construction projects. “Eliyahu M.Goldratt applied Theory of constraints (TOC) in project management and the outcome was a robust scheduling technique called critical chain project management (CCPM).” A detailed study was completed to figure out the reasons for delays and limit it with the Critical Chain Project Management techniques with preventive measures. Key Words: Buffers, Critical Chain Project Management, Construction, Theory of Constraints

Analisis Metode dan Pendekatan dalam Manajemen Proyek pada Dunia Pendidikan

This study seeks to examine the project management approach and the application of project management in education. In this study using the method of library research (library research). In obtaining research data, researchers collect, analyze, organize, sources from articles, books, previous research on methods and approaches in project management. The results of the research are (1) Project Management is a discipline that must be possessed by every professional individual in an organization because the dynamics of an ever-changing organization requires an organization or must be able to create ideas that are embodied in projects. Projects are complex business activities. , are not routine in nature, have limited time, budget and resources and have special specifications for the products to be produced. (2) The Project Management Method used is CPM (Critical Path Method). 1) critical method (CPM) and linear programming approach (Linear Programming), 2) critical method is basically a time-activated scheduling method. The purpose of the critical method is to establish the relationship between time and cost by reducing the target time and considering operational costs. (3) Waterfall Project Management Approach, Critical Path Method, Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM).

Data-driven project buffer sizing in critical chains

In critical chain project management, the probability of timely project completion can usually be increased by setting a suitable project buffer. Existing studies tend to explicitly construct a formula to calculate the project buffer size, but there is a lack of a data-driven framework that sizes the project buffer through mining the buffer related information hidden in the project data. Therefore, from a perspective that is different from the current studies, we propose a data-driven project buffer sizing approach to size the project buffer in a prediction manner in the project planning phase. Our approach first uses a full-factor design of experiments and Monte Carlo simulation to construct the required dataset. Then, support vector regression is adopted to train the project buffer prediction model. The parameters of the support vector regression are fine-tuned via grid search and cross validation. Extensive computational experiments on the PSPLIB J30 dataset are conducted to validate our approach. Six performance measures (i.e., the mean squared error, the mean magnitude relative error, the percentage relative error deviation, the proportion of project buffer consumed, the average project buffer size and the probability of exceeding the planned duration) are employed to assess our approach. The experimental results show that our approach is competitive compared to classical project buffer sizing methods.

A Fuzzy Method Determination of Time Buffer Size in Critical Chain Project Management

A Fuzzy Method Determination of Time Buffer Size in Critical Chain Project Management

A Comparative Study of Managing a Project Using Traditional Management Techniques and a Critical Chain Project Management Methodology in Aircraft Maintenance Field

Aircraft on ground or down-time for its maintenance is a clear loss in revenue for an airline operation. With never ending competition and growing operating costs of aircraft, airlines continuously need to explore opportunities to reduce the aircraft down-time in order to remain sustainable. Due to round the clock operation feature of scheduled airlines, aircraft maintenance operations are generally carried out using traditional management methodologies instead of considering it as a project. Though aircraft heavy maintenance checks consist of several major tasks that can last from few weeks to a year, the maintenance organisations do not adopt modern project management methodologies. Therefore, this paper models a heavy maintenance check of an Airbus aircraft as a typical project and adopts contemporary project management methodology to explore the possibility of reducing the downtime. To this end, a case study has been done at an aircraft maintenance company to analyse the potential of this project management method in aircraft maintenance industry.

Effects of Stakeholders Engagement on the Implementation of Physical Infrastructure Projects in Public Secondary Schools: A Case of West Pokot and Trans Nzoia Counties, Kenya

Education sector globally has realized a huge rise in enrolment levels. In Kenya for instance, the continuous enrolment in primary schools and the hundred percent transitions as a result of the Free Primary Education (FPE) has imposed pressure on the already existing resources in Secondary section. This study aimed at assessing the effects of stakeholder engagement on implementation of physical infrastructure projects in secondary schools: a case of West Pokot and Trans Nzoia Counties, Kenya. The study adopted Critical Chain Project Management theory. This study employed a descriptive survey design which was suitable since the study sought to collect information from the respondents on their opinions. The target population was 479 which comprised of the Principals, Board of Management Members, County and Sub County Directors of Education. Using Yamane’s formula, a sample size of 218 respondents was attained. Questionnaires and interview guides were used in data collection. The quantitative data collected was coded to translate questions responses to specific categories and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), tabulated and presented using descriptive statistics. The findings indicated that in both Counties; stakeholders were highly engaged in secondary school infrastructure project development though at varied levels. The findings showed that indeed, school heads are being supported and trained by the Ministry of Education (MoE) in both counties on the capacity to handle projects. The study also found out that whereas the board of management in Trans Nzoia County was offering some good work in managing projects, the management in West Pokot County was ineffective. There was an indication that; despite the government banning the PTA component of financing schools, still schools in Trans Nzoia county charge parents this component in the fees as opposed to the West Pokot schools. It was also evident from the findings that teachers were not engaged in the development of the physical infrastructure in the two counties. The findings showed that in counties, professionalism and commitment from the contractors were upheld. The respondents in the research rated PTA’s participation in terms of expertise and financial support to having influence in school infrastructure project implementation in Trans Nzoia County. Respondents from both Counties agreed that there was commitment and professionalism from the hired contractors. The following recommendations were made: Participation by stakeholders in the whole process of infrastructure project implementation in government aided secondary schools should be encouraged. Given that the government banned PTA component of physical infrastructure funding, the government should provide enough budgetary funding to all secondary schools. The study recommends that teachers ought to be engaged in physical infrastructure development in secondary schools. The study also recommends that Parents Teacher Associations need to be empowered on project implementation in schools and due diligence should be followed in pre-qualifying, selecting and awarding of tenders to contractors.

OPERATIONAL RISK ASSESSMENT SHIP CONSTRUCTION CAUSES MATERIAL IMPORT USING HOUSE OF RISK (HOR) AND CRITICAL CHAIN PROJECT MANAGEMENT: CASE STUDY IN GRESIK SHIPYARD INDUSTRY

This research is aimed to conduct risks assessment of ship building process in the part of materials procurement especially imported materials. The problem in Gresik shipyard industry is late material import, which impact the project delay. This research used House of Risk (HOR) combination and Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) method analysis. Data analysis was obtained from data sample on new construction work of 2 x 1200 HP tug-boat at the Gresik Shipyard. The data used was related with materials procurement especially imported materials. The analysis used House of Risk (HOR) method and obtained 14 risk events which occurred in planning process and imported components for tug-boat 2x1200HP construction and 22 events as risk agent. There were 14 highest risks needing risk mitigation to reduce the impact. Rescheduling result of the material arrival and imported component used Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) method. It was able to save time duration from activities schedule of 50%; previous schedule was 84 days become 42 days.

Planning & Controlling Tourism Landscape Design Project using Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) Schedulling

Project Management must meet the performance criteria of timeliness and budget control agreed between the project owner, contractor and supervisor. However, the level of uncertainty in the project implementation process is very high and causes delays and over budgeting. The Village Nongkojajar is a Proposed Integrated Agropark Project as a result of the revitalization of the non-productive land of the Horticultural Seed Farm owned by the Government of East Java Province. The Landscape Architecture Project has a Creative Value Chain which is divided into Creation - Implementation - Management. Therefore scheduling and controlling the project becomes important in order to to estimate working time and the project remains in accordance with the predetermined project timeline and whenever corrective action is needed. The relevance of Project Management in this research is that with high project problems, require a good planning process. The Project can be completed quickly than the specified time and more cost effective. Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) is one method for completing and preparing projects that focus on the resource requirements for implementing projects by adding project buffers, feeding buffers and resource buffers. By analyzing using CCPM, researchers can look for optimization and control in implementing project scheduling.

Comparison of PERT/CPM and CCPM Methods in Project Time Management

Purpose: Evaluate and compare PERT/CPM and Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) techniques, from the Theory of Constraints (TOC), in relation to indicators of delivery time estimation and reliability in meeting established deadlines.Theoretical framework: The research is based on the time management theory established by the PERT/CPM and CCPM methods.Design/methodology/approach: This work has an experimental character, using a method of computer simulation by applying the Promodel software. A fictitious project environment managed by PERT/CPM and CCPM techniques was modeled in order to evaluate and compare their performances in terms of estimation of, and compliance with, project completion deadlines.Findings: The results obtained showed that the CCPM method proved to be more effective in reducing project completion time and meeting established deadlines. Conversely, the PERT/CPM method increased planned project completion time by 189%.Research, Practical & Social implications: Many managers assume that the best approach to project planning, especially when aiming for short and reliable deadlines, is to allocate margins of safety to each scheduled activity. This research reinforced the already widely held perception of TOC that, due to certain ordinary human behaviors, local optimizations do not guarantee, and usually adversely effect, good global results.Originality/value: There is a lack of research comparing PERT/CPM and CCPM techniques through modeling and computer simulations of project environments subjected to certain degrees of uncertainty, particularly in terms of performance variables such as those studied here. The results of this research, therefore, address this opportunity, bringing to light comparative scenarios and explanations for the different behaviors observed.Keywords: Computational Simulation; Project Management; Goldratt; Critical Chain; CCPM; PERT/CPM.

Integrating critical chain project management with last planner system for linear scheduling of modular construction

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present a new method for project tracking and control of integrated offsite and onsite activities in modular construction considering practical characteristics associated with this type of construction.Design/methodology/approachThe design embraces building information modelling and integrates last planner system (LPS), linear scheduling method (LSM) and critical chain project management (CCPM) to develop tracking and control procedures for modular construction projects. The developed method accounts for constraints of resources continuity and uncertainties associated with activity duration. Features of proposed method are illustrated in a case example for tracking and control of modular projects.FindingsComparison between developed schedule and Monte Carlo simulation showed that baseline duration generated from simulation exceeds that produced by developed method by 12% and 10% for schedules with 50% and 90% confidence level, respectively. These percentages decrease based on interventions of members of project team in the LPS sessions. The case example results indicate that project is delayed 5% and experienced cost overrun of 2.5%.Originality/valueDeveloped method integrated LPS, LSM and CCPM while using metrics for reliability assessment of linear schedules, namely, critical percent plan complete (PPCcr) and buffer index (BI). PPCcr and BI measure percentage of plan completion for critical activities and buffer consumption, respectively. The developed method provides a systematic procedure for forecasting look-ahead schedules using forecasting correction factor Δt and a newly developed tracking and control procedure that uses PPCcr and BI. Quantitative cost analysis is also provided to forecast and monitor project costs to prove the robustness of proposed framework.

Analysis of Time Efficiency with CCPM Method and BIM in Construction Projects Construction of High-Rise Residential Building Basement

Development in Indonesia is experiencing a rapid increase, a lot of vacant land is used by investors to construct buildings. The implementation of the construction must pay attention to the project schedule, work delays often occur. The factors that cause work delays are usually from weather disturbances, delivery and supplies of materials and tools that are not in accordance with the plan, changes in design and other external, internal factors. For this reason, this study will discuss about controlling project time using the critical chain project management (CCPM) method and 4D building information modeling in high-rise residential building projects, especially in 5-layer basement work. The critical chain project management method eliminates safe time and replaces buffer time. Adding buffer time using the cut and paste method, namely adding a project buffer half the duration of the critical chain (critical chain) at the end of the chain and placing the feeding buffer with half the activity duration to activities on the non-critical chain. Delays in the construction of a 5-layer basement usually include changes in the level of soil surface conditions, the stability of the excavated soil during the secant pile excavation period as a retaining wall as deep as -17,350 m below the ground level. The results of this study can optimize the duration of the implementation with the final completion time of the structural work faster than 432 working days to 293 work days of implementation so that the time efficiency is 32,17%.

Implementation of lean construction and critical chain project management (CCPM) for waste management and work estimation on the Ciawi dam construction project

Project delay due to waste (non-added value activity), will increase the project costs, in this case the implementation of lean construction is used to identify waste and risks that can occur in the Ciawi Dam construction project. Waste identification is carried out based on interviews with PM and processed using the Borda method to obtain the results of critical waste, namely waiting and defects. The 5 Whys method is used to determine the root cause of the waste category. Risk identification is processed using FMEA to determine critical risk, namely land acquisition and the Covid-19 pandemic. The most common waste in projects is waiting and defects. Waste and risk identification as a reference for make a mitigation plans for waste and risk that exist in the Ciawi Dam construction project. Scheduling is carried out using the Critical Chain Project Management (CCPM) Method by eliminating additional time that can lead to activities outside the plan or waste, estimated time is obtained for 12 months on work in 2019 to June 2020 without using buffer time, but if there are activities that cause delays in development projects, then the total estimated time needed is 2 years 10 months and 10 days.