Separate Criteria Research Articles

One-dimensional calculation approach for gaseous clearance flows

Clearance flows do strongly influence the efficiency of dry-running positive displacement machines. To model the operation behaviour of the machines an accurate prediction of the clearance mass flows is crucial. If a chamber model simulation is used, the clearance mass flows are commonly estimate with simple equation to keep the computational effort low. Therefore, regression functions or coefficient databases are built into simulation. However, finding such functions or coefficients is a challenging and expensive task since many boundary conditions and geometry parameters must be varied in experiment or simulation. To reduce the effort of clearance analysis this paper presents a one-dimensional approach to estimate the clearance mass flow in e.g. dry-running screw-type compressors, based on the well-known differential equation of A.H. Shapiro for compressible flow of ideal gases. The friction is modelled with respect to laminar and turbulent flow. The flow separation and the friction of laminar flow are modelled based on the solutions of the Jeffery-Hamel flow. The friction in the turbulent regime is modelled by the Blasius expression, while the flow separation criteria is assumed to be the same as for laminar flow. The moving clearance wall is modelled assuming a superposition of Couette and Poiseuille flow. In addition, the heat transfer between gas and clearance boundary as well as gas rarefaction can also be optionally modelled. Results of the one-dimensional approach are compared to measurements and 3D-CFD simulations from the literature, varying Reynolds number and wall velocity.

Neurodynamics-driven portfolio optimization with targeted performance criteria

This paper addresses portfolio selection with targeted performance criteria via neurodynamic optimization. Five portfolio optimization problems are formulated with a variable weight to maximize five risk-adjusted performance criteria in Markowitz’s mean–variance framework and reformulated as iteratively weighted convex optimization problems to facilitate subsequent problem-solving solution procedures. In addition, distributed portfolio optimization problems with separable performance criteria are also formulated. Three neurodynamic approaches are developed based on two globally convergent recurrent neural networks to solve the formulated and reformulated problems. Extensive experimental results on 13 datasets of world stock markets are elaborated to demonstrate the superior performance of the neurodynamic approaches against the baselines in terms of five given evaluation criteria and two investment returns.

Malnutrition according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria is associated with in-hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay in patients with cirrhosis

ObjectivesMalnutrition is prevalent and negatively affects patients with cirrhosis, but a generally accepted consensus pertaining to its diagnosis is lacking. Recently, a framework called the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) has been proposed to diagnose malnutrition, but there is scant evidence regarding its validity. We aimed to investigate associations of malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria, as well as its individual indicator with in-hospital adverse outcomes. MethodsThis was a prospective, observational study of consecutively hospitalized patients with cirrhosis. The malnutrition diagnosis was built on a stepwise GLIM process with initial screening, followed by fulfillment of at least one phenotypic and one etiologic criterion. Patients were followed up for a combined endpoint of in-hospital mortality and prolonged length of stay (LOS). Covariates compromise malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria and its indicators in separation. Logistic regression analyses were implemented to determine predictive validity. ResultsA total of 387 cirrhotic patients were assessed. Malnutrition was diagnosed in 28.7% of patients according to the GLIM criteria, and increased the risk of in-hospital mortality and prolonged LOS by 2.166 and 1.767 times, respectively, adjusting for age, sex, biochemical parameters, and clinical scores of disease severity. When analyzing separate criteria, all constituents were independently associated with in-hospital adverse outcomes, adjusting for model for end-stage liver disease sodium score. ConclusionsMalnutrition according to the GLIM criteria was considerably prevalent among hospitalized patients with cirrhosis, and associated with approximately two times greater probability of in-hospital mortality and prolonged LOS. These diagnostic criteria may be implemented and disseminated during daily practice considering their predictive validity.

RESEARCH PROPERTIES SETS OF EFFECTIVE CRITERIA VALUES IN THE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM ENGINEERING NETWORK

The problem of choosing a project for a developing engineering network is considered. A mathematical model of a developing engineering network, which even at the design stage allows us to take into account the possibility of expanding or reconstructing the system in case new customers are added to the target product, which is a two-criteria block programming problem with separable criterion functions. In the proposed mathematical model, the first criterion reflects the need to minimize financial costs construction and operation of the network, in order to ensure portability of the target product delivered at the time of designing. The second criterion expresses the requirement of minimizing financial costs for the future development of the system in the future from the achieved level, provided that the vector of the system’s development is known before the engineering network design starts. Taking into account the criteria preference vector, which allows you to take into account the inequality of both cost criteria in the constructed mathematical model and makes it possible comparing criteria of different orders makes it possible to replace the two-criterion optimization problem of choosing a project of a developing engineering network with a single-criterion mathematical programming problem without changing the set of solutions to the problem. The properties of the set of effective vectors of criteria values, which arise when solving a single-criteria optimization problem of choosing an engineering network project variant with a variation of all possible values of the criteria preference vector, have been formulated and investigated, which will make it possible to build dialogue procedures, during the execution of which the approximation of the set of values of the problem criteria will be carried out.

Human herpesvirus 8-negative effusion-based large B-cell lymphoma: a distinct entity with unique clinicopathologic characteristics

AbstractRare cases of human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)-negative effusion-based large B-cell lymphoma (EB-LBCL) occur in body cavities without antecedent or concurrent solid mass formation. In contrast to HHV8 + primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), EB-LBCL has no known association with HIV or HHV8 infection. However, the small sample sizes of case reports and series worldwide, especially from non-Japanese regions, have precluded diagnostic uniformity. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective, multi-institutional study of 55 cases of EB-LBCL and performed a comprehensive review of an additional 147 cases from the literature to identify distinct clinicopathologic characteristics. In our study, EB-LBCL primarily affected elderly (median age 80 years), immunocompetent patients and manifested as lymphomatous effusion without a solid component. The lymphomatous effusions mostly occurred in the pleural cavity (40/55, 73%), followed by the pericardial cavity (17/55, 31%). EB-LBCL expressed CD20 (53/54, 98%) and PAX5 (23/23, 100%). Most cases (30/36, 83%) were of non-germinal center B-cell subtype per the Hans algorithm. HHV8 infection was absent (0/55, 0%), while Epstein-Barr virus was detected in 6% (3/47). Clinically, some patients were managed with drainage alone (15/34, 44%), while others received rituximab alone (4/34, 12%) or chemotherapy (15/34, 44%). Eventually, 56% (22/39) died with a median overall survival (OS) of 14.9 months. Our findings were similar to those from the literature; however, compared to the non-Japanese cases, the Japanese cases had a significantly higher incidence of pericardial involvement, a higher rate of chemotherapy administration, and longer median OS. Particularly, we have found that Japanese residence, presence of pericardial effusion, and absence of MYC rearrangement are all favorable prognostic factors. Our data suggest that EB-LBCL portends a worse prognosis than previously reported, although select patients may be managed conservatively. Overall, EB-LBCL has distinct clinicopathologic characteristics, necessitating the establishment of separate diagnostic criteria and consensus nomenclature.

Evaluation of the 8th Edition AJCC Staging System for the Clinical Staging of Pancreatic Cancer.

Simple SummaryThe 8th edition of the AJCC staging system for pancreatic cancer has been validated for pathological staging; however, its suitability for clinical staging is still uncertain. Clinical staging is important for pancreatic cancer because surgical resection is not suitable for most patients. We validated the prognostic performance and suitability of the current staging system for clinical staging. In our analysis using a prospectively collected pancreatic cancer cohort database, survival difference was not shown between stage IB and IIA, which were divided by the new size-based T3 criterion. Among the patients who received surgery, the pathological stage was more advanced than the clinical stage in 57.3%, mostly due to a false-negative lymph node in clinical staging. These findings suggest that the 8th edition AJCC staging system is not validated for clinical staging and separate criteria more suitable for clinical staging should be established.The 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for pancreatic cancer (PC) has been validated for pathological staging; however, its significance for clinical staging remains uncertain. We validated the prognostic performance and suitability of the current staging system for the clinical staging of PC. We identified 1043 patients from our PC registry who were staged by imaging according to the 8th edition staging system and conducted analysis, including overall survival (OS) comparison. Gradual prognostic stratification according to stage hierarchy yielded significant OS differences between stage groups, except between stage I and II (p = 0.193). A substage comparison revealed no survival differences between IB (T2N0) and IIA (T3N0), which were divided by the T3 criterion only (p = 0.278). A higher N stage had significantly shorter OS than a lower N stage (all pairwise p < 0.05). However, among the 150 patients who received upfront surgery, the pathological stage was more advanced than the clinical stage in 86 (57.3%), mostly due to a false-negative cN0 (70.9%). Our results suggest that the new definition of T3 and the number-based N criteria in the 8th edition AJCC staging system may be not adequate for clinical staging. Establishing separate criteria more suitable for clinical staging should be considered.

Simulation analysis of titanium alloy micro-drilling based on thermo-mechanical coupling

With the increasing demand for high precision micro parts in machining field, the development of micro hole drilling technology, especially the finite element simulation technology is rapidly promoted. However, there are many limitations in the simulation of micro-drilling, such as element size, computational efficiency, chip forming, etc. In the present work, a finite element software, Abaqus has been used to simulate the thermal-mechanical coupling micro-drilling process of titanium alloy material, and the key technologies, such as twist bit modeling, material constitutive model, chip separation criterion and element division, were investigated. Through simulation, it was found that with the increase of rotational speed and the decrease of feed speed, chip shape gradually fragmented, in addition, thrust force and torque diminished. Since chip shape, thrust force and torque are important factors affecting drilling quality and tool life, the work could offer important guiding significance for cutting parameter optimization.

Linear Maps as Sufficient Criteria for Entanglement Depth and Compatibility in Many-Body Systems

Physical transformations are described by linear maps that are completely positive and trace preserving (CPTP). However, maps that are positive (P) but not completely positive (CP) are instrumental to derive separability/entanglement criteria. Moreover, the properties of such maps can be linked to entanglement properties of the states they detect. Here, we extend the results presented in [34], where sufficient separability criteria for bipartite systems were derived. In particular, we analyze the entanglement depth of an [Formula: see text]-qubit system by proposing linear maps that, when applied to any state, result in a biseparable state for the [Formula: see text] partitions, i.e., [Formula: see text]-entanglement depth. Furthermore, we derive criteria to detect arbitrary [Formula: see text]-entanglement depth tailored to states in close vicinity of the completely depolarized state (the normalized identity matrix). We also provide separability (or [Formula: see text]-entanglement depth) conditions in the symmetric sector, including the diagonal states. Finally, we suggest how similar map techniques can be used to derive sufficient conditions for a set of expectation values to be compatible with separable states or local-hidden-variable theories. We dedicate this paper to the memory of the late Andrzej Kossakowski, our spiritual and intellectual mentor in the field of linear maps.

Psychiatric adverse events in three phase III trials of eslicarbazepine acetate for focal seizures.

Eslicarbazepine acetate (ESL) is a once-daily (QD), oral anti-seizure medication for the treatment of focal (partial-onset) seizures. Here, we evaluate risk factors for the development of psychiatric treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) in clinical trials of adjunctive ESL in adults with focal seizures. This post-hoc analysis evaluated data pooled from three Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (BIA-2093-301, -302, -304). After an 8-week baseline period, patients were randomized equally to receive placebo, ESL 400 mg (not reported here), 800 mg, or 1200 mg QD (up to 2-week titration; 12-week maintenance; optional open-label extension [OLE]). Incidences of psychiatric TEAEs were evaluated according to three separate criteria: medical history of psychiatric disorders (yes/no); baseline use of psychotropic drugs (yes/no); Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) score at baseline (0-6: normal; 7-19: mild depression; 20-34: moderate depression). The analysis populations comprised 1251 patients for the controlled study period and 1137 patients for the 1-year OLE. Psychiatric TEAE incidence was similar between patients taking ESL and placebo in the controlled and OLE study periods and was not related to ESL dose. Psychiatric TEAEs generally occurred more frequently in patients with a medical history of psychiatric disorders, using psychotropic drugs, or with depressive symptoms than in those without a history, not using psychotropic drugs, or with no depressive symptoms. Depression and anxiety were the most frequently reported psychiatric TEAEs. Overall, in clinical trials of ESL in adults with focal seizures, incidences of psychiatric events were not statistically different between patients taking ESL and placebo, were not related to ESL dose, and generally occurred more frequently in patients with baseline psychiatric symptoms or a history of psychiatric disorders. Long-term exposure to ESL was not associated with a marked increase in the incidence of psychiatric TEAEs.

Quantum separability criteria based on realignment moments

Quantum entanglement is the core resource in quantum information processing and quantum computing. It is a significant challenge to effectively characterize the entanglement of quantum states. Recently, elegant separability criterion is presented by Elben et al. (Phys Rev Lett 125:200501, 2020) based on the first three partially transposed (PT) moments of density matrices. Then, Yu et al. (Phys Rev Lett 127:060504, 2021) proposed two general powerful criteria based on the PT moments. In this paper, based on the realignment operations of matrices we propose entanglement detection criteria in terms of such realignment moments. We show by detailed example that the realignment moments can also be used to identify quantum entanglement.

Simulation study on the deflection and expansion of hydraulic fractures in coal-rock complexes

The physical difference and structural weak surface of coal-rock complexes greatly influence the morphology of hydraulic fractures (HFs). This study aims to explore the law of deflection and expansion of HFs in coal-rock complexes under different stress conditions. First, a theoretical model for HF deflection in coal-rock complexes was derived. Besides, a numerical model for HF expansion in coal-rock complexes was established based on the traction–separation criterion, the cohesion embedding method and the finite element method for fracture expansion. With the aid of the established model, the laws of morphology and induced stress field evolutions during HF expansion were studied. The following conclusions were drawn. When the HF is closer to the interface, the effect of physical difference is more notable, and the HF is more likely to expand along the coal seam. As the difference between the maximum horizontal principal stress and the vertical ground stress decreases from 8 MPa to 0 MPa, the coal-rock complexes experience HF expansion in the horizontal direction, secondary fracture generation in the Z-axis direction, and HF deflection to the interface in the -Z-axis direction in turn. During HF expansion, a stress difference of about 19 MPa exists between the fracture tip section and the interface, which is favorable for HF initiation and expansion. The effect of physical difference between coal and rock leads to the formation of an induced stress field, which causes a 3–4 times difference in the displacement values in different areas during HF expansion. The abovementioned main causes of HF deflection can provide reference for the design and application of the hydraulic fracturing technology for complex formations with different lithologies.

Design of a radio frequency quadrupole for a high intensity heavy-ion accelerator facility

We report a design work of a continuous-wave (cw) radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) for the injector linac of the High Intensity heavy-ion Accelerator Facility project. The rf design and multiphysics analysis were conducted to enhance the long-term stability and reliability of the cavity. To minimize the peak modified Poynting vector and peak surface electric field associated with the rf breakdown rate, the cross section and the vanes segmentation of the RFQ cavity were optimized. Pi-mode stabilizing loops (PISLs) were adopted for the cavity to increase the mode separation between the quadrupole and the neighboring dipole modes, intending to reduce the emittance growth and beam loss caused by the field asymmetry of the quadrupole mode. Due to the lack of a universal criterion of acceptable mode separation, the field asymmetry of the quadrupole mode was directly used as the design criterion for the PISL. Tuners were designed to tune the cavity frequency and longitudinal field flatness. Thermal distributions on tuners with and without rf sealing were investigated, and we found that rf sealing was indispensable in decreasing the tuner's temperature. A multiphysics analysis was carried out to maintain the cavity frequency while running with different rf power, in an attempt to avoid frequently adjusting the cooling water temperature when accelerating different ions. The analysis also verified that a large wall thickness could make the cavity possess a low stress and a minor deformation.

Reionization time of the Local Group and Local-Group-like halo pairs

ABSTRACT Patchy cosmic reionization resulted in the ionizing UV background asynchronous rise across the Universe. The latter might have left imprints visible in present-day observations. Several numerical simulation-based studies show correlations between the reionization time and overdensities and object masses today. To remove the mass from the study, as it may not be the sole important parameter, this paper focuses solely on the properties of paired haloes within the same mass range as the Milky Way. For this purpose, it uses CoDaII, a fully coupled radiation hydrodynamics reionization simulation of the local Universe. This simulation holds a halo pair representing the Local Group, in addition to other pairs, sharing similar mass, mass ratio, distance separation, and isolation criteria but in other environments, alongside isolated haloes within the same mass range. Investigations of the paired halo reionization histories reveal a wide diversity although always inside-out, given our reionization model. Within this model, haloes in a close pair tend to be reionized at the same time but being in a pair does not bring to an earlier time their mean reionization. The only significant trend is found between the total energy at z = 0 of the pairs and their mean reionization time: Pairs with the smallest total energy (bound) are reionized up to 50 Myr earlier than others (unbound). Above all, this study reveals the variety of reionization histories undergone by halo pairs similar to the Local Group, that of the Local Group being far from an average one. In our model, its reionization time is ∼625 Myr against 660 ± 4 Myr (z ∼ 8.25 against 7.87 ± 0.02) on average.

Search for an efficient entanglement witness operator for bound entangled states in bipartite quantum systems

Entanglement detection problem is one of the important problem in quantum information theory. Gurvit (2014) showed that this problem is NP complete and thus this may be the possible reason that only one criterion is not sufficient to detect all entangled states. There are some powerful entanglement detection criterion such as partial transposition criterion, realignment criterion but it may not be possible to implement them successfully in the experiment. This situation can be avoided if the entanglement is detected through the construction of witness operator method. In this work, we take an analytical approach to construct a witness operator. To achieve this task, we first construct a linear map using partial transposition and realignment operation. Then we find some conditions on the parameters of the map for which the map represent a positive map. Further, we have constructed a Choi matrix corresponding to the map and have shown that it is not completely positive. We then construct an entanglement witness operator, which is based on the linear combination of the function of Choi matrix and the identity matrix and it can detect both NPTES and PPTES. Finally, we prove its efficiency by detecting several bipartite bound entangled states which were previously undetected by some well-known separability criteria. We also compared the detection power of our witness operator with three well-known powerful entanglement detection criteria, namely, dV criterion, CCNR criterion and the separability criteria based on correlation tensor (CT) proposed by Sarbicki et. al. and find that our witness operator detects more entangled states than these criterion.

On ergotropic gap of tripartite separable systems

Extracting work from quantum system is one of the important areas in quantum thermodynamics. As a significant thermodynamic quantity, the ergotropy gap characterizes the difference between the global and local maximum extractable works. We derive an analytical upper bound of the ergotropic gap with respect to [Formula: see text] tripartite separable states. This bound also provides a necessary criterion for the separability of tripartite states. Detailed examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency of this separability criterion.

A method of feature fusion and dimension reduction for knee joint pathology screening and separability evaluation criteria

Background and objectiveKnee-joint vibroarthrographic (VAG) signal is an effective method for performing a non-invasive knee osteoarthritis (KOA) diagnosis, VAG signal analysis plays a crucial role in achieving the early pathological screening of the knee joint. In order to improve the accuracy of knee pathology screening and to investigate the method suitable for embedded in wearable diagnostic device for knee joint, this paper proposes a knee pathology screening method. Aiming to fill the gap of lacking suitable and unified evaluation indexes for single feature and fusion feature, this paper proposes feature separability evaluation criteria. MethodsIn this paper, we propose a knee joint pathology screening method based on feature fusion and dimension reduction combined with random forest classifier, as well as, the evaluation criteria of feature separability. As for pathological screening method, this paper proposes the idea of multi-dimensional feature fusion, using principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the redundant part of fusion feature (F-F) to obtain deep fusion feature (D-F-F) with more separability. Meanwhile, this paper proposes the maximal information coefficient (MIC) and correlation matrix collinearity (CMC) feature evaluation criteria, these not only can be used as new feature quantitative metrics, but also illustrate that the divisibility of the deep fusion feature is more potent than that before feature dimension reduction. ResultsThe experimental results show that the method in this paper has good performance in pathology classification on random forest classifier with 96% accuracy, especially the accuracy of SVM and K-NN are also improved after feature dimension reduction. ConclusionThe results indicate that this classification research has high screening efficiency for KOA diagnosis and could provide a feasible method for computer-assisted non-invasive diagnosis of KOA. And we provide a novel way for separability evaluation of VAG signal features.

Solvable Criterion for the Contextuality of any Prepare-and-Measure Scenario

Starting from arbitrary sets of quantum states and measurements, referred to as the prepare-and-measure scenario, an operationally noncontextual ontological model of the quantum statistics associated with the prepare-and-measure scenario is constructed. The operationally noncontextual ontological model coincides with standard Spekkens noncontextual ontological models for tomographically complete scenarios, while covering the non-tomographically complete case with a new notion of a reduced space, which we motivate following the guiding principles of noncontextuality. A mathematical criterion, called unit separability, is formulated as the relevant classicality criterion – the name is inspired by the usual notion of quantum state separability. Using this criterion, we derive a new upper bound on the cardinality of the ontic space. Then, we recast the unit separability criterion as a (possibly infinite) set of linear constraints, from which we obtain two separate hierarchies of algorithmic tests to witness the non-classicality or certify the classicality of a scenario. Finally, we reformulate our results in the framework of generalized probabilistic theories and discuss the implications for simplex-embeddability in such theories.

Ложные суставы шейки бедренной кости: применение новой классификации при эндопротезировании у пациентов пожилого возраста

Introduction The risk of the femoral neck fracture nonunion is 48 % with avascular necrosis of the femoral head being reported in 42 % of cases. There are many classifications of acute intra-articular fractures of the proximal femur and there are no grading systems for femoral neck nonunions that would allow prediction of outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA). The objective was to evaluate mid-term results of THA in patients with femoral neck nonunion and develop a new classification of nonunions. Material and methods A prospective cohort single-center comparative study included 78 elderly patients with atrophic femoral neck nonunions treated with primary THA. The mean follow-up period was 24.2 months. Three prospective groups were identified. Separation criteria included shortening of the lower limb and femoral offset, changes in the Barnett-Nordin index, the Hounsfield bone density index, the presence of metal constructs and bone defects. Groups A and B were divided into 2 subgroups depending on the presence/absence of fixation metal constructs for a femoral neck fracture. Group C was divided into 2 subgroups: type C1, acetabular defect and type C2, proximal femur defect. Results Mean operating time was 81.1 minutes in group A, 102.9 minutes in group B and 145.2 minutes in group C. The minimum blood loss was recorded in group A measuring on average 429.25 mL in both subgroups. The maximum blood loss was seen in patients of groups B and C measuring 606.62 mL and 631.5 mL. Overall revision rate was 7.7 %. Conclusion A classification for femoral neck nonunions was developed suggesting grading patients into 3 types: type A, type B and type C which were further divided into 2 subtypes. The grading system was based on lower limb shortening and femoral offset, severity of osteoporosis, presence of metal constructs and acetabulum or proximal femur bone defect which prognostically affected the outcome of THA.

Reassessment of the status of some European and Asian Melitaea taxa described as subspecies of Melitaea phoebe ([Denis amp; Schiffermller], 1775), with designations of lectotypes where appropriate (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae).

Morphological characters of value in distinguishing Melitaea phoebe from M. ornata are exemplified from photographs of specimens from sympatric and partially synchronic populations in the Russian Federation and Slovenia. Type material of a number of subspecies classified as M. phoebe have been examined and confirmed as being subspecies of M. phoebe or as subspecies of either M. ornata or M. telona. Larval and adult morphology of M. telona is very similar to those of M. ornata, making morphological separation difficult. Distribution of M. telona forms a major criterion for separation. Lectotypes are designated for amanica Rebel, 1917 and dorae Graves, 1925. The name enoch Higgins, 1941 is recognised as a distinct species and the names abbas Gross Ebert, 1975 and zagrosi Tth Varga, 2011 synonymised with Melitaea enoch.

Research and Analysis on FERN Stack in E-Commerce Web Application Development

With web technology rapidly expands out in recent years, there is a significant trend that Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)5 turns into a worldwide web consortium and leads the front-end development to stand on the front stage of internet history. Whereas data transfer frequency rates increase significantly due to adaptation of dynamic website. However, there are numerous front-end development frameworks and libraries such as React, Angular and Vue. Similarly, in back-end we have MYSQL, MongoDB and Firebase. How to select a suitable framework or library to establish the e-Business and reach out to maximize the user experience becomes a priority operation in full stack web development. This paper starts with introducing an overview of the leading frameworks and libraries in the field of full stack development and examine each performance with respect to FERN stack in web services. How it is implemented in e-Business under separate commercial criteria. Finally, the paper summarizes the contributions and concludes with some possible future of FERN stack development in e-Business.