Age Criteria Research Articles

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KELUHAN KELELAHAN MATA PADA PEKERJA KANTOR X KARANGANYAR

Office workers X Karanganyar are computer users, with an average duration of computer use in a day of more than 4 hours. The average worker has been working for more than three years and is still exposed to lighting intensity that is less than standard (< 300 lux) with an eighthour workday, putting them at risk of experiencing eye fatigue. This study aims to determine the relationship between lighting intensity, working period, and duration of computer use with complaints of eye fatigue in Karanganyar X Office workers. This study uses an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional approach. The research population was 80 people. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with criteria of age 50 and working on a computer for at least 2 hours continuously, and the research sample is 45 people. Measurement of lighting intensity using a Lux meter and eye fatigue using a Visual FatigueIndex (VFI) questionnaire. The results of the bivariate analysis with Somers'd showed that there was a relationship between lighting intensity and complaints of eye fatigue (p-value = 0.030, r = 0.333), there was a relationship between years of service and complaints of eye fatigue (p-value = 0.003, r = 0.457), and there is a relationship between the duration of computer use and complaints of eye fatigue (p-value = 0.028, r = 0.326). To reduce eye fatigue, it can be done by setting up the layout of the workplace, taking breaks in between work, and getting regular eye health checks.

Old Age, Female Sex, and Psychotropic Medications Predict Hyposalivation But Not Heart Rate Variability.

To explore risk factors for dry mouth and examine the clinical utility of the heart rate variability (HRV) test in the prediction of dry mouth. Every outpatient, who underwent tests for both unstimulated salivary flow and HRV, was retrospectively reviewed. After excluding seven subjects, the demographics and clinical factors in 70 total patients were collected. Based on objective salivary flow rates, patients were classified into normal (≥0.2 mL/min) or hyposalivation groups (<0.2 mL/min), and inter-group comparisons were performed with a two-tailed statistical significance of 0.05. Patients with subjective dry mouth were significantly more likely to show hyposalivation. Advanced age, female sex, and current use of psychotropic medications were identified as risk factors for dry mouth. However, dry mouth was not associated with any HRV parameters. HRV test did not demonstrate a clinical utility in predicting dry mouth. Because subjective dry mouth is significantly associated with objective hyposalivation, a simple probing question would be useful for early recognition of dry mouth. Clinical attention is required for patients meeting criteria of older age, female, and/or using psychotropic prescriptions. Prompt management of hyposalivation may improve quality of life and clinical outcome by enhanced treatment adherence.

Modification of termination of resuscitation rule with compression time interval in South Korea

This study aimed to validate the predictive performance of the termination of resuscitation (TOR) rule and examine the compression time interval (CTI) as a criterion for modifying the rule. This retrospective observational study analyzed adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients attended by emergency medical service (EMS) providers in mixed urban–rural areas in Korea in 2020 and 2021. We evaluated the predictive performance of basic life support (BLS) and the Korean Cardiac Arrest Research Consortium (KoCARC) TOR rule using the false-positive rate (FPR) and positive predictive value (PPV). We modified the age cutoff criterion and examined the CTI as a new criterion. According to the TOR rule, 1827 OHCA patients were classified into two groups. The predictive performance of the BLS TOR rule had an FPR of 11.7% (95% confidence interval (CI): 5.9–17.5) and PPV of 98.4% (97.6–99.2) for mortality, and an FPR of 3.6% (0.0–7.8) and PPV of 78.6% (75.9–81.3) for poor neurological outcomes at hospital discharge. The predictive performance of the KoCARC TOR rule had an FPR of 5.0% (1.1–8.9) and PPV of 98.9% (98.0–99.8) for mortality, and an FPR of 3.7% (0.0–7.8) and PPV of 50.0% (45.7–54.3) for poor neurological outcomes at hospital discharge. The modified cutoff value for age was 68 years, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve over 0.7. In the group that met the BLS TOR rule, the cutoff of the CTI for death was not determined and was 21 min for poor neurological outcomes. In the group that met the KoCARC TOR rule, the cutoff of the CTI for death and poor neurological outcomes at the time of hospital discharge was 25 min and 21 min, respectively. The BLS TOR and KoCARC TOR rules showed inappropriate predictive performance for mortality and poor neurological outcomes. However, the predictive performance of the TOR rule could be supplemented by modifying the age criterion and adding the CTI criterion of the KoCARC.

PENGARUH LATIHAN DROP PASS AND SHOOTING DRILLS TERHADAP KETEPATAN SHOOTING DAN PASSING PEMAIN SEPAK BOLA PUTRA U-15 DI KLUB MAESTRO FC LOMBOK TIMUR TAHUN 2022

Problem Statement: Shooting skills are very important for players because it is impossible to score without it. Meanwhile, mastery of correct passing techniques and the application of efficient techniques can facilitate the passage of the ball between sides in order to achieve the goal (goal). Research objective: This study aims to determine the effect of drop pass and shooting drills on the accuracy of shooting and passing of U-15 male football players at the Maestro FC Club Lombok Timur in 2022. Research Design: The research design used in this study was "one group pretest-posttest design". Population and Sample: The population in this study were all U-15 male football players at the Maestro FC Club Lombok Timur, totaling 24 people. Meanwhile, the sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling, so that 15 children met the age criteria under 15 years. Research Instruments: The instrument used in this study was a test of shooting skills and passing/stopping skills from Nurhasan (2001). Data Analysis: The data analysis technique used t-test by comparing the mean value of the pretest-posttest results before and after treatment with the same sample. Prior to the t-test analysis, pre-requisites of analysis were conducted in the form of normality and homogeneity tests to determine the results of the data being normally distributed and homogeneous. Results and Discussion: Based on the results of testing the t-test value of shooting accuracy, with a t-count &gt; t-table which is 4,136 &gt; 2,145 at a significant level of 5%, it can be concluded that "there is an effect of drop pass and shooting drills on the accuracy of shooting of U-15 male football players at the Maestro FC Club Lombok Timur in 2022". Furthermore, based on the results of testing the t-test value of passing accuracy, with a t-count &gt; t-table which is 5,801 &gt; 2,145 at a significant level of 5%, it can be concluded that "there is an effect of drop pass and shooting drills on the accuracy of passing of U-15 male football players at the Maestro FC Club Lombok Timur in 2022".

Patient’s Satisfaction in Utilizing Public Health Center Services during the COVID-19 Pandemic Based on Gender, Age, Education Level, and Occupation

A public health center is at the forefront of breaking the COVID-19 chain. Limiting the number of patients accessing care during the pandemic is thought to affect patient satisfaction with the quality of service at the public health center during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to know the level of satisfaction of patients visiting a health center based on gender, age, education level, and profession criteria during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sumbersari District, Indonesia. This study used an analytical observational study method for visitors of the Sumbersari Public Health Center in February-March 2021. The population was 126,279 people visiting Sumbersari Public Health Center, meaning a purposive sampling requires 100 people to participate. The research variables were gender, age, education level, occupation, and the patient's satisfaction. The measuring instrument used was a questionnaire. The data were analyzed descriptively using logistic regression test. There is no effect of gender and age on patient satisfaction (p&gt; 0.05). There is an effect of the level of education on patient satisfaction (p &lt;0.05) with OR = 3.32. There is an effect of work on patient satisfaction (p &lt;0.05) with OR = 0.054, meaning that respondents who work, the chance to feel dissatisfied is 18.5 times greater than respondents who do not work.

Breast cancer mammographic screening by different guidelines among women of different races/ethnicities

Mammographic screening is a common diagnostic tool for breast cancer among average-risk women. However, breast cancer screening guidelines differ between societies and organizations. Appropriate adherence to screening guidelines helps early diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, which subsequently improves breast cancer survival. We used three national guidelines to define adherence recommended by US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), American Cancer Society (ACS), and American College of Radiology (ACR), which included different criteria for age and frequency. (USPSTF: 50–74, biennial; ACS: 45–54, yearly, 55+ biennial; ACR: 40+, yearly) We hypothesized that adherence rates for mammographic screening may be lower among minorities (non-Hispanic black (NHB) and Hispanic/Latino) than among non-Hispanic whites (NHW) regardless of the guideline applied. We conducted a cross-sectional study using nationally representative survey data from the 2020 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS). Adherence to mammographic screening among NHW, NHB, and Hispanic/Latino populations were calculated. A total of 1,751 survey samples were used in the final analysis. Adherence rates of each guideline for average-risk woman in this study were as follows: USPSTF - 77.37%, ACS - 68.41%, and ACR - 57.71%. Additionally, our results demonstrated that the adherence rate was higher among NHB when compared with NHW women regardless of which guideline was applied. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that both NHB ethnicity and insurance coverage exhibited strong positive associations with adherence to breast cancer screening. Our findings support other studies’ results that different racial/ethnic and socio-demographic factors can affect screening adherence. Therefore, healthcare providers should promote breast cancer screening especially among NHW/Hispanic women and women lacking insurance coverage.

Superior survival outcome of blinatumomab compared with conventional chemotherapy for adult patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a propensity score-matched cohort analysis.

Blinatumomab showed a higher complete remission (CR) rate and a safe bridging to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in adults with relapsed or refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R BCP-ALL). We tried to analyze the outcome of blinatumomab compared with the real-world historical data. We expected superior outcome of blinatumomab compared with historical conventional chemotherapy. We conducted a retrospective study using real-world data in the Catholic Hematology Hospital. Total 197 consecutive cases of R/R BCP-ALL were treated with conventional chemotherapy (n = 113) or blinatumomab, which was available since late 2016 (n = 84). Patients who achieved CR underwent allo-HCT if donor was available. We conducted a propensity score-matched cohort analysis using 5 criteria of age, CR duration, cytogenetics, previous allo-HCT, and salvage lines between historical group and blinatumomab. Each cohort consisted of 52 patients. In blinatumomab group, CR rate was higher (80.8% versus 53.8%, p = 0.006) and more patients proceeded to allo-HCT (80.8% versus 46.2%, p < 0.001). Among the CR patients with available minimal residual disease (MRD) results, 68.6% in blinatumomab group and 40.0% in conventional chemotherapy group were MRD-negative. Regimen-related mortality during the chemotherapy cycles was significantly higher in the conventional chemotherapy group (40.4% versus 1.9%, p < 0.001). Estimated 3-year overall survival (OS) was 33.2% (median, 26.3 months) after blinatumomab, and 15.4% (median, 8.2 months) after conventional chemotherapy (p < 0.001). Estimated 3-year non-relapse mortality were 30.3% and 51.9% (p = 0.004), respectively. In multivariate analysis, CR duration < 12 months showed more relapses and poor OS, and conventional chemotherapy showed higher non-relapse mortality and poor OS. Matched cohort analysis showed superior outcomes of blinatumomab compared with conventional chemotherapy. However, large numbers of relapses and non-relapse mortalities continue to occur even after blinatumomab followed by allo-HCT. Novel therapeutic strategies are still needed for R/R BCP-ALL.

YOUTH POLITICAL LEADERSHIP IN MODERN RUSSIA: DETERMINATION OF THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE STUDY

Youth leadership today is one of the most relevant and widely discussed topics both at the level of the state and public administration and at the level of society. At the same time, youth political leaders become full subjects of public policy. The article attempts to comprehend and conceptualize the concept of youth political leadership taking into account the evolution of socio-humanitarian science and the current political field. The theoretical basis for this is developments in the field of political leadership and youth leadership. The study of scientific literature allows us to conclude that there is a number of problematic issues which dictate the need for additional theoretical scrutiny of the youth political leadership concept. Among such issues, the authors highlight: linguistic features of the translation of the concepts of "youth political leadership" and "youth political leader" in English-language literature; the definition of leaders as youth, when the researchers take the age criterion as a basis, which causes semantic contradictions; a narrow understanding of the political space, when only authorities and socio-political associations are considered behind the environment of the implementation of youth leadership. From the authors' point of view, a youth political leader can be considered a youth leader who has become or pretends to become a political leader. The main criteria for categorizing youth political leaders are: their origin from the sphere of youth politics, the perception of their youth as political leaders, continuation of a political career in "adult" politics. Becoming a youth political leader means acquiring a professional affiliation with public policy or public administration.

PS-C25-2: NOVEL AND SIMPLE INDEX USING BIOMARKERS FOR DETECTING SARCOPENIA IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Objectives: Sarcopenia has been highlighted as a common comorbidity in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is related to poor prognosis. Sarcopenia is generally diagnosed based on the decrease in skeletal muscle index (SMI) and the reduction of either handgrip strength or gait speed. However, SMI is difficult to measure for general physicians or cardiologists, because special, expensive equipment (i.e. bioelectrical impedance assay (BIA) or dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry) is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate a new, simple index to detect sarcopenia in CVD patients. Design and Methods: We retrospectively investigated the association of sarcopenia with physical examination data and circulating biomarkers of nutrition, inflammation, skeletal muscle homeostasis in CVD patients who admitted in our hospital. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) guidelines using SMI measurements by BIA method. The age criterion was not adopted for sarcopenia diagnosis in this study. Results: This study included 132 consecutive inpatients (72 [27–93] years, 80 males) with CVD and/or undergoing cardiovascular surgery. According to the modified AWGS guidelines, 39 patients were diagnosed as having sarcopenia and 93 patients as not having sarcopenia. Sarcopenic patients were older and had lower estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFR) and lower Barthel index, and included higher numbers of females and subjects with chronic kidney disease, as compared with non-sarcopenic patients. Among the screened biomarkers (e.g. hsCRP and IL-6), serum adiponectin and sialic acid was significantly higher in sarcopenic patients than non-sarcopenic patients. On stepwise multivariate regression analysis, adiponectin, sialic acid, sex, age, and body mass index were independent detecting factors for sarcopenia based on the modified AWGS criteria. Sarcopenia index was obtained from the diagnostic regression formula for sarcopenia detection including the five independent factors. Sarcopenia index indicated a high accuracy in ROC curve analysis (sensitivity 94.9%, specificity 69.9%) and the cutoff value for sarcopenia detection was -1.6134. Sarcopenia index had a significant correlation with the conventional diagnostic parameters of sarcopenia. Conclusion: Novel biomarker-based sarcopenia index would be a simple, useful tool for detecting sarcopenia in CVD patients.

Unexplained anemia in the elderly, what advances?

Prevalence of anemia in the elderly is high, increases with age and is most often mild. Etiological diagnosis is made in about 70 % of cases, leaving 30 % of unexplained anemia. The unexplained cases are probably multifactorial in relation to usual etiologies of anemia but not detected due to inappropriate diagnosis criteria for advanced age. Recent studies show other potential etiologies for unexplained anemia with new perspectives for treatments.

Importance of credentials for in-house or outsourced leader appointments in successful versus unsuccessful large public IS contract awards

The goal was to examine the importance of credentials and other factors for in-house versus outsourced procurement project leader appointments, in large public information services (IS) contracts. This research was needed because 45%-50% of public procurement projects around the world have failed in the last decade, and while there was no clear evidence why, some findings pointed to leadership-related factors. To investigate this research question, contract award managers were surveyed to determine which factors were related to leader appointments (in-house versus outsourced) in successful as well as unsuccessful projects. Contract managers rated the importance of award criteria for leader experience, age, gender, education, team size, budget and certification, for successful and unsuccessful expensive public service contracts. The results indicated no single criterion could explain all leadership appointment decisions, but professional certification was a more important factor for in-house versus outsourced information service contracts.

Future doctor's perspective of saving lives through blood donation: A cross-sectional study to assess knowledge, attitude, and blood donation practice among 2nd year medical undergraduate students

Background: The requirement of blood and its components has always been on a rise, and meeting this growing demand can only be assured through the development of newer encouragement strategies for the recruitment and retention of more healthy voluntary young donors. Medical undergraduate students with an appropriate knowledge and a positive attitude can form an important part of this pool as well as help encourage others for the same. Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was provided to all 2nd year MBBS students who were posted to the Department of Pathology, KAHER's J. N. Medical College, Belagavi, Karnataka, and willing to be a part of this study. Responses of the questionnaire were recorded and quantitative evaluation of the data was done using software Epi Info™ 7.2.2.6. Results: A total of 280 undergraduate MBBS students participated in the study. Knowledge: 88.2% and 86.1% of the students knew the correct donor selection criteria for minimum age and hemoglobin level, respectively. Practice: Only 21.1% of the students had donated blood before. Attitude: 96.1% favored voluntary donation. 95% were willing to donate blood in the future with 82.5% willing to encourage others to do the same. Conclusion: Medical students have a good knowledge and positive attitude toward blood donation, but the practice of the same was very poor. Hence, there is a need to educate and approach these students to create an awareness regarding the importance of blood donation as well as involve them in voluntary blood donation.

Determinants of frequency of wine consumption in Croatia

Purpose: In the last 10 years, wine consumption in Croatia has increased and consumer habits and expectations have changed. Understanding consumer behavior in relation to wine consumption is important for wine-producing countries where wine is an important component of economy. The aim of this study is to identify the factors that influence the frequency of wine consumption in Croatia, where wine production is an important agricultural activity in terms of the number of people employed in the sector and an important factor in the development of tourism.Methodology: Empirical research was conducted by means of a questionnaire filled out by 169 wine consumers who visited a wine fair in the Croatian Adriatic region. Based on the collected data, we developed and estimated a multinomial logit model. Results: The results indicate that wine is consumed more frequently by men, married people, people in long-term relationships, and older people. In addition, people with high levels of education tend to drink wine less frequently. The paper explains the reasons for somewhat puzzling results and suggests future avenues of research.Conclusion: Behavioral differences were confirmed in this study between subsample groups in accordance with four demographic characteristics, i.e., gender, age, marital status, and education criteria. Our analysis showed that males are more likely to consume wine than women, older than younger and less educated than more educated participants. Our results help wine marketers to segment and target wine consumers.

Теоретические аспекты вменяемости, невменяемости и ограниченной вменяемости субъекта преступления

The norms that define the subject of a crime and such a property as sanity, the practice of applying these norms, as well as scientific approaches to the study of sanity as a sign of crime subject are studied. An attempt of the author's approach to its distinction from limited sanity and insanity is made. The age, legal and medical criteria of sanity are singled out. Together with the materials of law enforcement practice, summary statistical information on the activities of federal courts of general jurisdiction and justices of the peace for 2019–2021 Is used as empirical data. in terms of the application of coercive measures of a medical nature, allowing to identify cases of establishing insanity or limited sanity. It is established that sanity is the ability of the subject to understand his actions and evaluate their compliance with the rule of law. If the subject has specific beliefs or mental problems that do not affect his ability to be aware of his actions, then he is recognized as sane. In this case, he cannot use his mental problems or other circumstances as an excuse for his actions. Insanity is defined as the state when the subject does not meet the criteria of sanity at the time of the commission of the crime due to mental problems. Limited sanity means that the subject could be aware of the direction of his actions, but due to the presence of certain mental problems (for example, affective or emotional), he could not understand the meaning of his actions.

PS-C10-7: A NOVEL PROFESSIONAL AUTOMATED AUSCULTATORY BLOOD PRESSURE MONITOR FOR OFFICE USE WITH VISUAL DISPLAY OF KOROTKOFF SOUNDS: INBODY BPBIO480KV VALIDATION

Objective: A novel professional automated auscultatory upper arm-cuff blood pressure (BP) monitor (InBody BPBIO480KV) for use in the office or clinic by healthcare professionals was developed. The device records the Korotkoff sounds using an electronic stethoscope embedded to the cuff, which are reproduced and graphically displayed on the device screen during cuff deflation, and automatically interpreted to report systolic and diastolic BP values. This validation study assessed the accuracy of the device in general population according to the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation/European Society of Hypertension/International Organization for Standardization (AAMI/ESH/ISO) Universal Standard (ISO 81060-2:2018) and the ISO Amendment 1.2020-01. Design and Method: Subjects were recruited to fulfil the age, gender, BP, arm size and cuff distribution criteria of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard in general population using the same arm sequential BP measurement method. Three cuffs of the test device were used for arm circumference 23–28, 28–35 and 33–42 cm. Results: A total of 108 subjects were recruited and 85 were analyzed (mean age 57.3 ± 15.0 [SD] years, 53 men, arm circumference 32.1 ± 5.1 cm, range 23–42 cm). For validation Criterion 1, the mean ± SD of the differences between the test device and reference BP readings (N = 255) was 0.3 ± 5.5/0.6 ± 4.7 mmHg (systolic/diastolic; pass threshold &lt; = 5 ± 8 mmHg). For Criterion 2, the SD of the averaged BP differences between the test device and reference BP per individual (N = 85) was 3.76/3.61 mmHg (systolic/diastolic; pass threshold &lt; = 6.95/6.91 mmHg). Conclusions: The InBody BPBIO480KV professional automated auscultatory BP device for office use comfortably fulfilled all the requirements of the AAMI/ESH/ISO Universal Standard (ISO 81060–2:2018) in general population and can be recommended for clinical use in adults.

Prevalence of Injury in Elderly Patients in Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Hospital

Background: Health and quality of life problems in elderly are one of the problems that should be addressed in order to improve overall health expectancy. Elderly injury risk factors in Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Hospital need to be determined, which includes the demographic and cognitive condition of the elderly. The aim of this research is to study the injury cases data from Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Hospital Emergency Department medical records and then compare the data with existing relevant studies.Methods: The method used in this research is cross-sectional study. Data were collected from the medical records of the emergency department of Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Hospital, Klaten.Results: From the medical records of the emergency department of Dr. Soeradji Tirtonegoro Hospital, there were 1,055 reported injury cases in 2019. 127 of those were patients aged 60 and older. There were reported 37 nontraffic accidents, such as falling at home, slipping, et cetera. There were reported 83 traffic accidents. The other 7 accidents were accidents related to illnesses and disabilities.Conclusion: The data reported 1,055 cases of injury, only 127 of those are elderly with the criteria of age 60 years old and older. As the data is limited and there are no risk factors reported, there is no further conclusion that can be made. Further studies can help better understand cases of injuries and even help predict reentry of patients by using a form to collect the data of risk factors of the patients admitted into the emergency department.

Численность молодых учителей и показатели социально-экономического развития регионов

The article discusses the influence of socio-economic characteristics of the regions on the effectiveness of attracting and professional adaptation of young teachers in educational institutions. Based on the analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches, empirical research, and the regulatory framework, it is concluded that there are several features of the analysis of professional adaptation: the problems of professional adaptation are closely related to the key categories of sociological theory and have a long history of analysis at the theoretical and empirical levels; there is noted an increased attention of state and society to the problems of attracting young teachers to the educational system along with an increased state support in its various forms and growing research on various aspects of professional adaptation of novice teachers. Nevertheless, at the moment there is a gradual increase in personnel tension in organizations of general education, associated with a number of factors of a psychological, professional, and social nature. There is also noted a significant difference in the share of young teachers among the regions of Russia. As a source of empirical material, statistical data are used on the number of teachers in the regions of Russia, their distribution according to the criteria of age, length of service, type of settlement, as well as information on the socio-economic condition of the constituent territories of the federation (indicators of unemployment and the average level of wages, the number of population younger than able-bodied age, development indicators of science-intensive sectors of the economy). Based on the correlation analysis carried out, the author concludes about the specific nature of the process of young teachers’ professional adaptation in urban and rural areas as well as the specifics of the relationship between the proportion of teachers in different age groups and indicators of the socio-economic development of the region.

Anxiety Level in Face-to-Face Communication by Age and Type of Occupation During Omicron Variant Transmission in Petanglong Central Java

This study aims to examine anxiety level in face-to-face communication by age and type of occupation during Omicron variant transmission. The approach used in the research is quantitative. Data collection techniques using questionnaires were carried out in the Pekalongan City, Pekalongan Regency, and Batang Regency areas. The technique for analyzing data applied hypothesis testing using the contingency correlation method. This analysis tool through the contingency table is applied to determine the relationship between variables from data that includes qualitative aspects, including opinions, perceptions, or judgments about the characteristics of a situation. The transmission of the Omicron COVID-19 variant has a correlation with the level of anxiety in conducting face-to-face communication both according to age and job type criteria. Based on the criteria that apply to the research methodology, the correlation value in hypothesis testing according to age criteria is 45.53% and in hypothesis testing according to job type criteria, 45.42% is classified as moderate or sufficient. This research show that there is indeed a level of anxiety in the community in conducting face-to-face communication. Keywords: face-to-face communication, Petanglong, anxiety level, omicron variant

Determination of age in representatives of the genus Sylvaemus by the degree of molar wear

Various methods are used to identify representatives of the genus Sylvaemus, most of which are metric. In order to exclude anomalies in further calculations and to minimize allometric variations associated with the growth of animals, it is necessary to take into account age as an important factor of variability. Usually, a number of criteria are used to determine the age and describe the growth of mice: measurements of body and skull parameters, body weight, the degree molar wear, and the weight of the lens of the eye. Length is a more consistent guide for determining the age of mice than body weight, which usually ceases to be directly related to age after reaching adult size. Age can also be determined by the fusion of the epiphysis with the diaphysis in the bones of the limbs and by the degree of development of the thymus. Most often, teeth are used to determine age. Among such age criteria, we distinguish eruption and replacement of teeth sets, tooth growth in length, overgrowth of the tooth pulp cavity, tooth wear, and annual layers in the tooth tissues. Usually, the age of mice is determined by the degree of molar wear. Some authors do not consider this method universal due to individual feeding habits of animals and other environmental factors. The order of wear of tooth rows can sometimes change, and the degree of wear of the right and left tooth rows can also differ. The craniological collection of small mammals of O. V. Zorya, collected in the territory of Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine, was studied. In total, 198 specimens of three species of the genus Sylvaemus were analysed: Sylvaemus uralensis, Sylvaemus sylvaticus, and Sylvaemus tauricus. Analysed were 14 odontometric and 23 craniological characters. Among the metric characters, four odontometric (LM2, WM1, LM2, LM123) and nine craniological characters (LIOC, LD, LFI, LPP, WCH, GLS, DI, LLM, LM) made the greatest contribution to the age group differentiation of mice of the genus Sylvaemus. Among the features that contributed the most to the differentiation, length measurements prevailed. LLM, LM123, LPP, LIOC, and GLS are the least variable metric characters. It is not possible to divide the sample of mice of the genus Sylvaemus into age groups based on odontometric and craniological character since the ranges of values of metric characters overlap.

Online physical education in Bulgaria - advantages and challenges

The aim of the research was to study the advantages and disadvantages of online physical education teaching in the country during the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study participants were 138 teachers (100 female and 38 male) aged between 24 and 68 years, who had different pedagogical experience and were representatives of all regions of the country. A specially developed international questionnaire with closed-ended questions was applied. As an alternative analysis, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the results. Teachers rated online teaching in physical education as relatively good. At the same time, the educational work of sports pedagogues during the COVID-19 pandemic reduced their motivation for professional activity. Sports teachers rated highly their competencies in using online technologies to conduct physical education classes. The three most significant negative consequences of online physical education and sports training for Bulgarian schools, as pointed out by sports pedagogues, are: reduced contact with students, lack of control over the quality of training and limited opportunities to monitor student progress, while the three most important advantages of online education are: possibilities of using modern technologies in practice, individual approach to students and greater student control and independence. No significant differences were found in teachers’ responses to any of the questions based on gender, age and pedagogical experience criteria.