Operational Criteria Research Articles

Secure ECDSA SRAM-PUF Based on Universal Single/Double Scalar Multiplication Architecture.

Physically unclonable functions (PUFs) are crucial for enhancing cybersecurity by providing unique, intrinsic identifiers for electronic devices, thus ensuring their authenticity and preventing unauthorized cloning. The SRAM-PUF, characterized by its simple structure and ease of implementation in various scenarios, has gained widespread usage. The soft-decision Reed-Muller (RM) code, an error correction code, is commonly employed in these designs. This paper introduces the design of an RM code soft-decision attack algorithm to reveal its potential security risks. To address this problem, we propose a soft-decision SRAM-PUF structure based on the elliptic curve digital signature algorithm (ECDSA). To improve the processing speed of the proposed secure SRAM-PUF, we propose a custom ECDSA scheme. Further, we also propose a universal architecture for the critical operations in ECDSA, elliptic curve scalar multiplication (ECSM), and elliptic curve double scalar multiplication (ECDSM) based on the differential addition chain (DAC). For ECSMs, iterations can be performed directly; for ECDSMs, a two-dimensional DAC is constructed through precomputation, followed by iterations. Moreover, due to the high similarity of ECSM and ECDSM data paths, this universal architecture saves hardware resources. Our design is implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) using a Xilinx Virtex-7 and an TSMC 40 nm process. Compared to existing research, our design exhibits a lower bit error rate (2.7×10-10) and better area-time performance (3902 slices, 6.615 μs ECDSM latency).

On the operation and implications of grid-interactive renewable energy communities

The increasing installations of photovoltaic systems, electric vehicle chargers, heat pumps, and battery storage systems challenge distribution system operators to prevent critical grid operations. Nonetheless, flexibility potential from customer-owned assets remains untapped due to lacking federated coordination and incentives. In Europe, emerging renewable energy communities can address this challenge by facilitating collective optimal operation of flexible assets and providing grid services. This paper presents an approach for renewable energy communities to offer participants’ flexibility through grid-interactive operations. Distribution system operators then based on optimal power flow calculations request flexibility use to prevent voltage violations, transformer overloads, and line overloads. A case study with simulations for a future rural low-voltage grid is conducted. The results show that, compared to business-as-usual operations or renewable energy communities with fixed import and export limits, the grid-interactive approach ensures non-critical grid operations cost-efficiently and reduces curtailment by 60% to 90%, down to 1.1% of total generation. By providing both upward and downward flexibility and aligning with distribution system operators’ requirements, grid-interactive renewable energy communities can be key in enhancing the efficient use and stability of distribution grids.

Risk-based performance assessment from fully manual to human-robot teaming in pressurized tank inspection operations

The use of robotics in the process industry has shown a stable, increasing trend, according to survey reports, reducing the exposure of operators to critical operations, mainly during maintenance. Moving from full manual (FM) to human-robot teaming (HRT) operations is expected to reduce the risks for operators and increase operational efficiency. The methods used to assess system performances require an adaptation. Traditional risk assessment techniques are no longer adapted to analyze the new way of working; the previous methods proposed for HRT systems have been criticized for their fragmentation, complexity, and lack of validation.This study proposed an integrated framework, including the qualitative and quantitative stages, to investigate the risk-based system performance and compare the full manual and human-robot teaming scenarios in pressurized tank inspection operations. The outputs demonstrated that the integrated framework worked for FM and HRT system performance assessment, considering multiple element types and their interdependencies, generating knowledge that can be exploited to reduce the system's risk and choose among different operational alternatives.

Acid-Catalyzed Activation and Condensation of the =C5H Bond of Furfural on Aldehydes, an Entry Point to Biobased Monomers.

Furfural is an industrially relevant biobased chemical platform. Unlike classical furan, or C-alkylated furans, which have been previously described in the current literature, the =C5H bond of furfural is unreactive. As a result, on a large scale, C=C and C=O bond hydrogenation/hydrogenolysis is mainly performed, with furfuryl alcohol and methyl tetrahydrofuran being the two main downstream chemicals. Here, we show that the derivatization of the -CHO group of furfural restores the reactivity of its =C5H bond, thus permitting its double condensation on various alkyl aldehydes. Overcoming the recalcitrance of the =C5H bond of furfural has opened an access to a biobased monomer, whose potential have been investigated in the fabrication of renewably-sourced poly(silylether). By means of a combined theoretical-experimental study, a reactivity scale for furfural and its protected derivatives against carbonylated compounds has been established using an electrophilicity descriptor, a means to predict the molecular diversity and complexity this pathway may support, and also to de-risk any project related to this topic. Finally, by using performance criteria for industrial operations in the field of fuels and commodities, we discussed the industrial potential of this work in terms of cost, E-factor, reactor productivity and catalyst consumption.

Leveraging 5G Network Capabilities for Smart Grid Communication

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the architecture and components of 5G networks, focusing on their suitability for smart grid applications. With the increasing complexity and demands of modern energy infrastructure, there is a growing need for reliable and low-latency communication systems to support critical smart grid operations. This paper explores key features of 5G networks, including network slicing, massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output), and low-latency communication protocols like URLLC (Ultra-Reliable Low Latency Communication), and examines how these features can be harnessed to address the unique requirements of smart grid environments. Through a detailed analysis of each component, this paper sheds light on the design considerations, deployment strategies, and performance implications of leveraging 5G technology for smart grid communication. Furthermore, practical insights, challenges, and future research areas are discussed to guide the development of next-generation smart grid solutions.

Understanding poromechanical response of a biogenic coalbed methane reservoir

Biogenic coalbed methane (BCBM) reservoirs aim to produce methane from in situ coal deposits following microbial conversion of coal. Success of BCBM reservoirs requires economic methane production within an acceptable timeframe. The work reported here quantifies the findings of previously published qualitative work, where it was found that bioconversion induces strains in the pore, matrix and bulk scales. Using imaging and dynamic strain monitoring techniques, the bioconversion induced strain is quantified here. To understand the effect of these strains from a reservoir geomechanics perspective, a corresponding poromechanical model is developed. Furthermore, findings of imaging experiments are validated using core-flooding flow experiments. Finally, expected field-scale behavior of the permeability response of a BCBM operation is modeled and analyzed. The results of the study indicated that, for Illinois coals, bioconversion induced strains result in a decrease in fracture porosity, resulting in a detrimental permeability drop in excess of 60% during bioconversion, which festers itself exponentially throughout its producing life. Results indicate that reservoirs with high initial permeability that will support higher Darcian flowrates, would be better suited for coal bioconversion, thereby providing a site-selection criteria for BCBM operations.

Use of automation, dynamic image analysis, and process analytical technologies to enable data rich particle engineering efforts at the Drug Substance / Drug Product interface: A case study using Lovastatin

Automation plays a vital role in reducing development time in the pharmaceutical industry, both for drug substance (DS) and drug product (DP). Many aspects of crystallization development (solubility, kinetics, solid form characterization, concentration) have been positively impacted by automation; both in hardware and data processing, in the last two decades. However, wet milling, a critical unit operation used to manipulate particle properties in a crystallization process, has been non-conducive for automation. This study discusses efforts towards automation of wet milling, coupled with off-the-shelf automation tools for faster execution of physical property design workflows. The hardware and software configuration used, along with challenges and prospects to achieve milling automation are discussed. Lovastatin was used as a model compound to demonstrate the capabilities of the automated platform to achieve morphology and size manipulation. Five different batches of lovastatin were produced using different combinations of milling and thermal cycling. Milling followed by thermal cycling led to formation of rougher, fused particles with a lower aspect ratio compared to those produced by thermal cycling followed by milling. In-situ particle video microscopy was used to decipher that the initial increase in particle size during thermal cycling was driven by a fusion of primary particles followed by growth. Key material property descriptors such as bulk/tap density, flow function coefficient, surface area, and particle size by laser diffraction were collected using traditional means while particle size, aspect ratio and smoothness were also measured using image analysis. Lastly, principal component analysis (dimensionality reduction) was performed to determine the key property relationships impacting flowability. It was found that fines as measured by d10 (10th percentile of the volumetric size distribution) and Hausner ratio had a high positive and negative correlation, respectively with flowability. The on demand milling platform combined with data rich trials using PAT is estimated to accelerate process development for particle engineering and reduce the drug substance delivery time to drug product team.

Operational criteria application does not change clinicians' opinion on the diagnosis of mental disorder: a pre- and post-intervention validity study.

Our objective was to check if the ICD-10 operational criteria application changes non-operational, prototype-based diagnoses obtained in a real-life scenario. Psychiatry residents applied the diagnostic criteria of the ICD-10 as a "diagnostic test" to five outpatient patients they were already following who had a prototype-based diagnosis. Tests were used to ascertain whether changes in opinion were significant and if any of the diagnostic groups were more prone to change than others. The present paper is part of the study with UTN U1111-1260-1212. Seventeen residents reviewed their last five case files, retrieving 85 diagnostic pairs of non-operational-based vs. operational-based diagnoses. The Stuart-Maxwell test did not indicate a significant opinion change (χ2 = 5.25, p = 0.39; power = 0.94) besides 30% of diagnostic changes. Despite not being statistically significant, 20.2% of all evaluations resulted in a change that would affect treatment choices. Using ICD-10 operational criteria slightly increased the number of observed diagnoses, but probably without clinical relevance. None of the non-operational diagnoses have a higher tendency to change with operational criteria application (χ2 = 11.6, p = 0.07). The female gender was associated with a higher diagnostic change tendency. Applying ICD-10 operational criteria as a diagnostic test does not induce a statistically significant diagnostic opinion change in residents and no diagnostic group seems more sensible to diagnostic change. Gender-related differences in diagnostic opinion changes might be evidence of sunk cost bias.Although not statistically significant, using operational criteria after diagnostic elaboration might help to deal with subjects without adequate treatment response.

Strategic assessment of sustainable production in the international automobile sector using efficiency analysis and decision-making models

In the context of escalating global environmental concerns, the automotive industry faces pressing imperatives to align its growth with sustainable practices. This urgency, coupled with the need for a holistic evaluation framework, sets the stage for this study. Motivated by the gaps in quantitatively assessing sustainability, the study aims to discern and quantify the sustainability efforts of leading automotive manufacturers. The objective is to establish a robust, quantifiable link between operational efficiency and sustainability criteria that informs both business strategy and environmental stewardship. To achieve this, an innovative methodology combining the Malmquist Data Envelopment Analysis (Malmquist DEA) framework and the Ordinal Priority Approach (OPA) is employed. The approach analyzes efficiency changes, technological progress, and the industry's adoption of sustainable practices over a five-year period, concluding in the pre-pandemic year of 2020. The findings reveal a notable emphasis on productivity and market exposure, identifying them as pivotal to sustainable manufacturing. The OPA provides a weighted analysis of sustainability criteria based on expert evaluations, emphasizing the integration of environmental initiatives with core business strategies. The study's contribution is twofold: it introduces a novel, quantifiable approach to evaluating sustainability in the automotive industry, and it offers strategic insights for companies seeking to elevate their sustainability profile effectively. However, the reliance on pre-pandemic data and expert opinions marks the limitations of the study, indicating the necessity for further research. Future studies should aim to expand the temporal scope to include the latest industry shifts and to diversify the pool of sustainability criteria, capturing a broader spectrum of environmental and social dimensions. This continued research will enhance the industry's understanding of sustainable manufacturing in the evolving global context.

Dynamic Management of Flexibility in Distribution Networks through Sensitivity Coefficients

Due to a rising share of renewable energy sources on the production side and electrification of transport and heating on the consumption side, the efficient management of flexibility in distribution networks is crucial for ensuring optimal operation and utilization of resources. Nowadays, the sensitivity-based approach is mainly used in medium-voltage (MV) networks for regulating voltage profiles with reactive power of distributed energy resources (DER). The main disadvantage of the simplified sensitivity-based method is its inaccuracy in case of a high deviation of the network voltage from the nominal values. Furthermore, it was also noted that despite the fact that the method is well described in the literature, there is a lack of systematic approach to its implementation in real-life applications. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to address this disadvantage and to propose an algorithm designed to calculate required consumer flexibility in near real-time to ensure distribution grid operation within operational criteria. In the first part of the paper, network state, including line loading and node voltages, is assessed to determine distribution network node capacity. By analyzing the sensitivity of network busbars to changes in consumption and production, our algorithm effectively identifies the most efficient nodes and facilitates strategic decision-making for resource allocation. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach through simulations of real-world distribution network data, highlighting its ability to enhance network flexibility and improve resource utilization. Leveraging sensitivity coefficients, the algorithm enables flexible consumption and production management across various scenarios, supporting the transition to a more dynamic and efficient power system.

Using molecular and morphometric data as operational criteria for the analysis of a threatened rainforest species complex shows interspecific variation, with implications for cryptic-species delimitation and conservation

Resolution of systematic associations and species boundaries is vital for developing conservation priorities for threatened taxa. A complex of Fontainea (Euphorbiaceae) populations, endemic to rainforest communities in central-eastern Australia, comprises several taxonomically challenging species. Fontainea oraria is Critically Endangered, with only one natural population of 10 mature individuals, with the closely related species F. australis being listed as Vulnerable. A recently discovered Fontainea population (currently nominated as F. sp. Coffs Harbour) with taxonomic similarities to F. oraria has been provisionally listed as Critically Endangered, with fewer than 40 individuals. This study employed an integrative approach, combining genetic data and morphometrics to determine species boundaries for three threatened Fontainea population groups as a model system for an integrative approach to delimiting cryptic species. Although our results suggest the potential subdivision of the population groups into three taxa, caution is warranted because this hypothesis remains inconclusive. Taxonomic challenges demand a careful approach, acknowledging the possibility of alternative interpretations. Contrary to supporting distinct species, our morphological and genetic data may also be interpreted as indicative of a single species with geographic variation, a phenomenon observed in genetically linked populations experiencing isolation by distance. Overall, we highlight the need for further research to establish species limits to guide conservation actions.

Cluster bearing of resident PAH/BTEXs contaminants under double-diffusion of invaded supercritical carbon dioxide in sedimentary geostorage media

This work reveals a key goestorage mechanism of supercritical carbon dioxide in a sedimentary soil sample, with a clustering response of resident contaminants such as benzene, naphthalene, and pyrene. These contaminants are deposited on the surface of the solid bundles with a mass film thickness of 5 μm. The injection boundaries of sCO2 are ranged between 300−330 K, and 8−10 MPa, with a mass flow rate of 0.05–0.15 kg/min. A variant of Color Fluid Lattice-Boltzmann model is developed to mimic the breakthrough of sCO2 front in the pore bodies under the effect of generated clusters such as BN-embedded tetraphene. During the spatiotemporal invasion, the interfacial mass diffusion is jumped in Gaussian magnitudes with dominant effects of mass flow rate and injection pressure. The growth of BN-tetraphene revealed the authority of a critical operating time to promote the action of the residual chemical potential on the solvation power of sCO2. However, this cluster is affected by a secondary degradation following the increased concentration of sCO2 in the pore throats of the microporous. Remarkable diffusion is achieved in the case of sCO2/naphthalene, with a large amount of collected naphthalene and relatively low clogged pores, due to the supercritical solvation power of CO2 inside the microporous. These results support the theory of carbon capture and storage in reactive porous reservoirs.

EVALUATION OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND COGNITIVE PARAMETERS ON THE DECISION-MAKING PROCESS IN HUMAN-MACHINE SYSTEMS OF CRITICAL APPLICATION

Context. A feature of human-machine systems of critical application operating in real time is that they include as elements both technical systems and people interacting with these systems. At the same time, the main difficulties are associated not only with the improvement of hardware and software, but also with the insufficient development of methods for reliably predicting the impact of the production environment on the human factor and, as a result, on the relevance of decisions made by decision makers. As a result, the task of developing methods for determining the mutual influence of environmental factors and cognitive parameters of decision makers on the decision-making process becomes very relevant.
 Objective. The aim of the work is to propose methodological foundations for the development and study of fuzzy hierarchical relational cognitive models to determine the influence of environmental factors and cognitive parameters of decision makers on the DMP.
 Method. When building FHRCM methods of “soft computing”, methodologies of cognitive and fuzzy cognitive modeling were used, providing an acceptable formalization uncertainty of mutual influence of factors on the DMP.
 Results. A fuzzy cognitive model based on a fuzzy Bayesian belief network has been developed, which makes it possible to draw a connection between qualitative and quantitative assessments of mutually influencing factors on the DMP. The proposed model makes it possible to probabilistically predict the influence of factors and choose rational ways of their interaction in the DMP.
 Conclusions. The results of the experiments make it possible to recommend using the developed model, which takes into account the mutual influence of factors of various nature, including cognitive ones, in the DMP in order to improve the efficiency of HMSCA management as a whole.

Pop-up Langmuir probe diagnostic in the water cooled divertor of Wendelstein 7-X.

The design, development, and successful implementation of pop-up Langmuir probes installed in the water-cooled divertor of W7-X are described. The probes are controlled by drive coils (actuators) installed behind the divertor plates. These drive coils make use of the magnetic field in W7-X to move the probe tips into and out of the plasma. The drive coils were installed in the vacuum vessel after extensively testing the durability of the coils and analyzing the criteria for safe operation. The probe design is carefully tailored for each of the 36 probe tips in order to be suitable for the different magnetic field configurations used in W7-X and ensure that the probes do not present leading edges to the magnetic flux tubes. An electronic bridge circuit is used for measurement to compensate for the effects of signal propagation time on the long cable lengths used. The diagnostic is integrated with the segment control of W7-X for automated operation and control of the diagnostic. The evaluation of the results from the plasma operation is presented after accounting for appropriate sheath expansion for negative bias voltage on the probes.

Prevalence and comorbidities of disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

IntroductionFollowing the release of DSM-5 in 2013, a newly introduced diagnostic category emerged in psychiatric classification—the disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). DMDD is a depressive disorder that begins in childhood and is marked by a consistently irritable or angry mood, frequently accompanied by temper outbursts that are notably severe.ObjectivesIt is to study the prevalence and comorbidities of DMDD in Morocco, specifically at Arrazi University Psychiatric HospitalMethodsData were collected from youths aged 6 to 18 years who underwent a systematic assessment of symptoms. This assessment was extended to all patients consulting at Arrazi Hospital in Salé within the pediatric department over a period of four months (sample accrued from July 2023 to October 2023). The diagnosis of DMDD was established utilizing the diagnostic criteria outlined in DSM-5ResultsAbout 31% of the young participants met the operational criteria for DMDD. Those with DMDD exhibited increased comorbidity rates with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), another Depressive disorder and conduct disorder compared to those without DMDD. Additionally, they displayed elevated symptoms of aggressive behavior, rule-breaking, social issues, anxiety/depression, attention problems, and thought problems in comparison to all other participants without DMDD. It’s noteworthy that youth with DMDD presented with at least one psychiatric comorbidity.ConclusionsGiven that DMDD is accompanied by other comorbid psychiatric disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, and appears to impact familial and occupational status in adulthood, the early detection and subsequent effective treatment of DMDD symptoms are of utmost importance.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

The Criterion and Level Aspect of the Experimental Research into the Effectiveness of the Methodical System of Teaching Ukrainian Language for Professional Purposes

The article analyzes the criterion and level aspect of the experimental research into the effectiveness of the methodical system of teaching Ukrainian Language for Professional Purposes. The tasks have been performed in the context of teaching the academic discipline to students of specialties 012 Preschool Education and 013 Primary Education. The terminological base of the study has been formed based on interpretation of the concepts: “criterion,” “indicator,” “level,” and “competence paradigm”. In accordance with the research aim, the criteria for assessing the formation of students’ professional competences have been substantiated. The cognitive and motivational criterion is singled out to illustrate the formation of the knowledge, professional and motivational components of students’ training, which include the system of content-based interdisciplinary connections in the theoretical unit of the academic discipline Ukrainian Language for Professional Purposes. The operation and activity-based criterion has been introduced to determine the level of formation of students’ abilities and skills to operate the acquired knowledge in practice, create secondary texts using samples and auxiliary means (dictionaries, schemes, spelling, etc.), and act according to an algorithm. The professional and creative criterion illustrates the ability of future specialists in pedagogy for productive and creative application of acquired abilities and skills in changeable conditions and independent activity at the analytical and synthetic level. The developed criteria are the main parameters for determining the level of formation of the predicted ability of students at higher education institutions for practical professional and pedagogical activity. According to each criterion, the indicators of formation of students’ professional competences have been determined: discursive, documentary, general scientific, information technology, entrepreneurial, editorial, and terminological. Based on the criteria and their indicators, three levels of formation of the studied ability have been established, and the selection of their nominations has been substantiated: sufficient, satisfactory, and initial. The materials provided in the article are a part of the experimental research shown in the author's doctoral dissertation: Humeniuk I. M. “Methodical System of Teaching Ukrainian Language for Professional Purposes to Students at Pedagogical Institutions of Higher Education”, 13.00.02 “Theory and Methods of Teaching (Ukrainian language)”, 2023.

Improving target budgeting in a corporate performance management system

Currently the portrayal of the procedure for developing management actions during the planning process in the scientific and professional community does not align with the practice of systematic and consistent plan creation supported by an informational analytical system. Alternatively, the non-formalized decision-making activity of the planner, which involves a situational expert approach, becomes a dependency in the planning process. This study is aimed at developing an analytical approach for implementing the plan reconciliation procedure in the process of corporate performance planning. This will increase the utilization of capabilities of the corporate performance management system and formalize the task of generating managerial actions by adjusting targeted budgeting values using mathematical methods. For this purpose, the standard planning process is enhanced by analytical support units, including the algorithm of inverse calculations of individual key performance indicators (KPI) and an advanced module for scenario modeling. The improved model of target budgeting process presented here delivers automated formation of management actions of the budgeting department and subdivision management, guided towards accomplishing strategic goals. The application of inverse calculations provides a mathematical formulation of the task of calculating indicators of planned key values, and the Sense and Respond (SaR) system allows you to supplement the mathematical formulation with weighting coefficients of key performance indicators calculated algorithmically, relying on the manager’s decisions rather than expert evaluation. The implementation of the approach we developed will improve the quality of planning by the highest priority criteria of operability, accuracy and adaptability due to the consistency and methodology of budgeting with the use of modern information technology.

Determinants of Risk Factors Associated with Aortic Atherosclerosis: A Quantitative Study in Forensic Autopsies

ABSTRACT: Background: Cardiovascular diseases have become a major burden in the whole world and the top of it is atherosclerosis causing deaths. It is characterized as the thickening of the arterial walls with the fatty material which includes cholesterol, cellular wastes, and fibrin. The atherosclerosis can be hereditary, due to aging, any autoimmune disease causing inflammation of endothelial or because of the sedentary lifestyle. Atherosclerosis is a consequence of dysfunction of endothelial done by low-density lipoprotein and changes in it by the internal wall of arteries. Smoking increases the oxidation stress and decreases the accessibility of nitric oxide to the endothelial wall which leads to vasodilatory response. These changes are irreversible. Pre-mature aging also contributes to the destruction of the epithelial wall of arteries eventually leading to hypertension, which if left untreated can cause atherosclerosis. Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted for a period of one year and the sample size of 110 was taken of which 65.5% were male and the rest were females. This study includes all those patients` bodies who can go through autopsy and excludes patients whose bodies are mutilated or decomposed or those patients` bodies whose history is not properly available. Consents were taken from the relatives of the victims. The autopsy was done after the proper identification and examination of the patient`s body. The thoracic cavity was cut and opened. The aorta was cut from its origin to the diaphragm. The operational criterion was determined by grading from 1 to 5 based on the severity and thickness of aortic atherosclerosis. The data was statistically analyzed by applying the student`s t-test. The significant value of p<0.01 was considered. Result: Mostly males were affected. Out of 110 deceased more than 50% were from rural areas. 58% of the population have grade 1 and grade 2 atheromatous plaques. Most affected males were in the age of 50 years to 59 years and females were most affected in 60years to 69 years in their lifetime. This study also reveals that out of 110 dead bodies 64 patients died due to cardiac issues the rest died due to non-cardiac causes. The study also tells about the direct relation of atherosclerosis with hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and smoking habits with a significance level of p<0.001. Conclusion: The present study shows that it is more common in males than females and victims belonged to the age group of 5th to 8th decade. This reveals that aging is the dominating factor of residence. Rural people have it more than urban due to lack of awareness and diagnostic facilities Also a direct correlation between atherosclerosis and hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and smoking has been seen and confirmed through statistical significant.

The Use of Digital Technologies in Professional Training of Primary School Teachers

The growing significance of digital technologies in society creates a need to train teachers who can use these technologies in the educational process and prepare students for life in the digital world. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of digital technologies used in professional training of primary school teachers on increasing their professional competence level. The adapted versions of Ferrell & Daniel’s test for Measuring Teacher Career Motivations, the Orshanski’s orientation of future teachers towards humanistic and professional value were used to diagnose the state of development of professional competence. The level of the development of the subject-subjective model of pedagogical communication (modified test based on Sternberg & Williams, Alexander & Winne) and the level of projective skills in primary school teachers were also diagnosed. The students’ performance was assessed based on the results of the examinations. Chi-squared test (χ2) was used for statistical confirmation of the conducted research. Positive dynamics were found in both groups after the formative stage of the experiment. However, the experimental group was noted for greater quantitative and qualitative improvement for the selected criteria. The largest changes were observed for the operational criterion with a difference of 15.40% (against 7.90% in the control group). The cognitive criterion showed the smallest increase: 8.5% in the experimental group compared to 3.4% in the control group. The high general mean showed a difference of 11.22% for the experimental group and 5.1% for the control group. It is also important to note a greater increase in the average indicator at the general level in the experimental group of 52.04% compared to 40.82% in the control group. The differences in the distributions of the control and experimental groups according to the levels of each criterion are statistically reliable and testify to the effectiveness of using digital technologies for the development of professional competence of future primary school teachers. The areas for further research include the analysis of the impact of digital technologies on the development of information literacy skills and critical thinking.

Accounting of foreign economic activities: impact on current aspects of currency operations supervision and financial monitoring during the period of martial state in Ukraine

Introduction. Accounting for foreign economic activity was and remains a relevant area of accounting support for business entities, which is associated with an increased risk of errors in connection with changes in regulatory documents on such activities, different conditions for carrying out activities due to the variability of the terms of foreign economic contracts, the need to take into account different exchange rates and the correct submission and presentation of information in financial statements. It is important for business entities to comply with the requirements of legislation, to organize proper internal control/internal audit to prevent errors in reflected transactions in the conditions of foreign economic activity. The purpose of the paper is to highlight the features of accounting for foreign economic activity, taking into account the latest changes and the impact on currency supervision and financial monitoring. Results. Subjects of foreign economic activity must also comply with the rules of currency exchange, import and export licensing, as well as customs procedures. Starting from 2019, currency supervision replaced currency control, a risk-oriented approach was introduced. Correct accounting is affected by the control of settlement deadlines, i.e. the time between the customs declaration and the payment. The experience of regulating foreign economic activity in Ukraine was the mandatory sale of proceeds by exporters under foreign economic contracts, which was canceled in 2019 by the NBU Resolution of February 6, 2019, №. 3. During the martial law, it was not restored. Funds, before entering the current account, may first be credited to a distribution account in the bank, which is in transit, and the operations of crediting to the distribution account and transferring to the current account may take place both during the same day and on different days. Based on the set of criteria for risky operations of foreign economic activity and taking into account internal documents, the bank can make a decision to break up the operation and violate the deadlines even if formal criteria are observed in export-import operations. Conclusion. Under the conditions of extraordinary events, there is a need to establish new currency regulation and control measures. Currency supervision is based on a risk-oriented approach and certain indicators of violations of currency legislation should be taken into account when implementing internal control measures.