Criterial Approach Research Articles

О специфике критериального подхода к пониманию недвижимого имущества в гражданском праве

The article is devoted to the criterial approach to the understanding of immovable property in civil law. It is noted that at normative fixation of those or other concepts necessary for legal regulation, the criterial method is widely used, which consists in formulating a set of mandatory features or requirements, only the simultaneous presence of which indicates the presence of the relevant phenomenon. When constructing the concept and legal regime of immovable property in the civil legislation, a special complicated legal technique is used. Behind the seemingly criterial way of its construction there is something else, namely a mixed approach, which includes three different elements: firstly, an indication of the general criteria of immovable property — a strong connection with the land, impossibility to move it without damage; secondly, an official list of separate immovable things, some of which fit into these criteria, while others do not meet them; thirdly, a blanket way of regulation — mentioning other things that can be referred by law to immovable property. In other words, the criterion approach in the legislative fixation of the concept of immovable property has not the main, but rather an auxiliary meaning and covers not the entire scope of this concept, but only some, albeit the largest part of it, which generally contradicts the function of criteria from the point of view of logic.

Criterial Approach to the Selection of Educational and Training Tasks and Exercises Aimed at the Formation of Technical Skills for Working with Literature

Criterial Approach to the Selection of Educational and Training Tasks and Exercises Aimed at the Formation of Technical Skills for Working with Literature

Toward greater specificity in the nonspecific: Estimating the prevalence of diagnostic irritability and sleep symptoms in adolescents.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) descriptive criterial approach to diagnosis has been criticized for contributing to comorbidity, heterogeneity within conditions, and nonspecificity across conditions. Much research has examined comorbidity and heterogeneity, but less is known about nonspecificity. Here, we examined two nonspecific symptoms: irritability and sleep disturbance. Both are common, clinically significant, and appear in several DSM disorder criteria sets, but their transdiagnostic prevalence is unknown. Leveraging a nationally representative epidemiological study of adolescents (n = 10,148; ages = 13-18), we first identified all instances where irritability or sleep disturbance appears in DSM-5-TR criteria for bipolar, depressive, anxiety, traumatic stress, or disruptive/impulse-control disorders; then found their DSM-IV equivalents in study variables; and finally estimated their prevalence individually and cumulatively across categories. Weighted lifetime prevalence estimates were 79.5% (95% CI [77.8, 81.2]) for irritability and 60.8% [58.7, 62.9] for sleep disturbance. Associations with age and gender were significant but small. Most youth reported multiple symptoms of irritability (weighted M = 3.04, Mdn = 2) and at least one symptom of sleep disturbance (weighted M = 1.61, Mdn = 1). Both problems were extremely common among individuals with specific disorders but were underestimated by the criteria for those conditions. Results suggest that the high prevalence of DSM-defined irritability and sleep problems may be obfuscated by these symptoms being scattered across diagnostic entities. There is a need for more research on assessing, treating, and understanding problems related to irritability and sleep in their own right, cutting across, rather than confined to, particular diagnoses. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

ГЕНЕЗИС ГОРОДСКИХ АГЛОМЕРАЦИЙ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА РАЗВИТИЕ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ

This article deals with the problem of the genesis of urban agglomerations and their impact on the development of regional socio-economic complexes. The purpose of the article is to reveal the issues related to the genesis of urban agglomerations in the Russian Federation. Based on the study of the literature found that the identified approaches to the concept of urban agglomeration in relation to the technological development of regions and the distribution of productive forces is not consistent with current conditions and requires a critical rethinking. The criteria for the formation of urban agglomerations, considered in the draft law "About Urban Agglomerations" form a single approach to the population density of municipalities and cities of federal significance, which, in turn, imposes restrictions on the creation of urban agglomerations, and this, in turn, is contrary to the basic objectives for their creation and further development. The author proposed the definition of "urban agglomeration", which is necessary to introduce in the legal acts of the subjects of the Russian Federation, in which the urban agglomerations are already established, as well as to improve the procedures of regulation of the creation and/or development of agglomerations. The proposed criterial approach can be implemented in the legal acts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in which urban agglomerations have been created to create optimal conditions for the development of urban agglomerations, taking into account the population density in different regions of the Russian Federation. It is argued that the presence of the problems highlighted by the author with the definition and criteria of urban agglomerations require the urgent adoption of the law "On Urban Agglomerations". It is advisable to merge the two developed bills into one, which should be aligned with the Spatial Development Strategy. If adopted into the current legislative framework, it will have a significant impact on the economic and social stability of the region and will level out the existing legal inconsistencies in the legal and regulatory framework for the creation and development of urban agglomerations. An important aspect is that the author's proposed approach will form the prerequisites for the development of new urban agglomerations in the subjects of the Russian Federation with low population density.

Criterial V2: ModP as a Locus of Microvariation in Swiss Romansh Varieties

AbstractIn this article, we explore how cartographic maps interact with a concept of parameters in terms of syntactic operations triggered by morphosyntactic features in the spirit of Rizzi (2017. On the format and locus of parameters: The role of morphosyntactic features.Linguistic Analysis41. 159–191). Adopting the guidelines of a criterial approach to verb second, in which the inflected verb creates a Spec-Head configuration (verb adjacency) with the highest activated criterial head in the syntactic architecture, we discuss microparametric variation among Swiss Romansh varieties concerning the activation of ModP, a dedicated criterial position for “highlighted” adverbials (Rizzi 2004. Locality and left periphery. In Adriana Belletti (ed.),Structures and beyond [the Cartography of syntactic structures], Vol. 3, 223–251. Oxford: Oxford University Press) within the left periphery of the clause.

Criterial Approach to Assessment as a Key Component of the System for Independent Assessment of the Educational Results of Future Teachers

Introduction. The article presents the conceptual foundations of building a system of criteria-based assessment of educational results, which is considered as a subsystem of the system of independent assessment of educational results. The stages of formation and development of a competence-based approach to assessment in school and university education are analyzed. The main components of the criteria-based assessment system are revealed, a description of the methods for formulating criteria and indicators is given, the key stages of building a criteria-based system for assessing educational results are highlighted.Materials and Methods. The research is based on the systemic, activity-based and competence-based approaches to the training of bachelors of pedagogical education, which made it possible to determine and coordinate the components of the criteria-based assessment system with the components of the system of independent assessment of educational results. It has been established that the key components of such a system are the target component, educational results, indicators of achievement of educational outcomes, assessment tools, assessment indicators and levels of achievement of educational results. The specifics of the presentation of educational results based on the reformulation of competencies in combination with the labor actions of the teacher are disclosed. The principles of integrity and optimality for the presentation of indicators of achievement of educational results, considered as assessment criteria, have been determined.Results. The purpose of building a system of criteria-based assessment of the educational results of future teachers is determined and a description of the concepts of "educational results", "evaluation means" is given. The ways of describing educational results and ways of presenting assessment indicators are disclosed. The description of the form of presentation of assessment tools, the structure of which includes organizational and methodological, substantive and criterion-assessment parts, is given. It is shown that the levels of success of the student's activity when performing tasks, which are evaluative tools, act as levels of achievement of educational results.Discussion and Conclusions. The article discusses the relationship between the system of criteria-based assessment and the rating system for assessing the quality of training of students. The conclusion formulated in the article is presented in the form of technological stages of building a system of criteria-based assessment of educational results.

CRITERIAL APPROACH TO THE LEGAL COMPETENCE OF FUTURE JUNIOR BACHELORS IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN SCIENCES OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (HEIs)

The article clarifies the essence of the implementation of the criterial approach to explaining the process of formation of legal competence of future junior bachelors in the field of human sciences of HEIs from two perspectives: structural and methodological.It has been summarized that in the conditions of development of education and informational society, the legal competence of future junior bachelors in the field of human sciences of HEIs cannot be effectively formed without any prior determination of its structure. Legal competence is understood as “an integral quality of a student’s personality, characterized by several features”. These features are the unity of their legal efficiency at the theoretical level and mastering the set of key legal competences; practical readiness and ability to implement professional activities in the modern legal and regulatory field; ability to handle with professional relationships, establish and defend professional rights; self-development and self-improvement of their legal culture and development of legal culture of the society. From the structural perspective, the implementation of the criterial approach to explaining the process of formation of legal competence of future junior bachelors in the field of human sciences of HEIs is reflected in concrete definition of the components of the studied phenomenon. It has been established the key structural elements of the legal competence of future junior bachelors in the field of human sciences of HEIs, which are the following: content components (axiological (value and semantic), epistemological (content and legal), praxeological (functional and activity), reflexive and estimative) as a set of life values, values of professional activity, knowledge and skills to organize this activity in the legal field, reflexive abilities as well as a set of legal competences as generalized ways of action that ensure the productive performance of professional activities.It is determined that the criterial approach to explaining the process of formation of legal competence of future junior bachelors in the field of Human Sciences is the most constructive, because it promotes the connection between education and work more effectively.
 Keywords: students, competence, specialist, criterion approach, institution of higher education, legal competence, junior bachelors, Human Sciences.

Formando formadores: ensino e avaliação de produção textual em rede municipal

Este estudo averigua percepções de participantes de formação em contexto sobre ensino e avaliação da produção textual, que tiveram por incumbência constituírem-se como multiplicadores dos docentes de Língua Portuguesa de rede municipal na região Sudeste. A análise dos dados aponta que as percepções dos sujeitos (i) destacam a colaboração como princípio estruturante da formação, compartilhando saberes e experiências entre formandos e formador em interatuação; (ii) espelham o papel da teoria de base sociointeracionista, sustentando a reflexão sobre a prática; (iii) elegem a transformação da prática pelo pressuposto teórico-metodológico da avaliação para a aprendizagem como processo formativo, evidenciando que a qualidade da avaliação do texto do estudante pode ser auferida pela compatibilização da abordagem criterial com as perspectivas experienciais dos sujeitos-professores.

CRITERIAL APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF THE COST MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF BUSINESS STRUCTURES

Abstract. The article presents the basic principles of a criteria-based approach to the analysis of the cost management system of business structures. The expediency of analysis for each stage of the cost management process is indicated. The stages of cost management are determined: development (adoption) of a solution, implementation of a solution and control. The method for calculating complex and resulting criteria for analyzing the effectiveness of the cost management system on the example of sewing enterprises is proposed. Among the main results of the proposed criterial approach, the assessment of the effectiveness of the cost management system of a business structure in the context of each stage of management and the possibility of comparing the effectiveness of cost management systems at different enterprises are determined. For each stage of management, the six local criteria have been developed and their quantitative characteristics are indicated to analyze the level of efficiency of the cost management system. Local criteria can take values from 0 to 1. For each of them, there are three options for the accepted value: the most and least effective and intermediate value. Local criteria are combined into a complex criterion. The complex criteria for each stage of management constitute the resulting criterion for assessing the cost management system of the business structure. The closer the obtained value of the resulting criterion is to 1, the more effective the cost management system at the enterprise becomes. The analysis of indicators of five leading domestic enterprises of the garment industry was carried out according to the given methodology. It was found that the performance indicators of each of the studied enterprises are almost half of the optimal result. It is noted that the researched enterprises need to focus on improving the existing cost management systems. Moreover, each enterprise has the cost management system with the different operating efficiency at each stage of management. That is, the proposed methodology allows enterprises to identify problematic aspects in the context of management stages and to make changes to the cost management system in order to increase its efficiency. Keywords: cost analysis, cost management system, management stages, local criteria, complex criteria, resulting criterion, business structure, sewing enterprise. Formulas: 2; fig.: 0; tabl.: 7; bibl.: 14.

ПОДХОДЫ К ОЦЕНКЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ФИЗКУЛЬТУРНО- ОЗДОРОВИТЕЛЬНЫХ И СПОРТИВНЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ КАК СРЕДСТВА ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ КОРПОРАТИВНОЙ КУЛЬТУРЫ

Nowadays fitness and health and sport activities organized for co-workers are an important tool to create and strengthen corporate culture. However, ways to assess effectiveness of such activities are still poorly explored. As we can see from theoretical and applied researches by the article authors during planning and organization of corporate physical and sport activities, companies rarely try to generate metrics allowing to track effectiveness of those activities and adjust program for development of corporate culture. The article analyzes possibilities of sociometric procedure, Event ROI methodology, criterial approach to assessing effectiveness of fitness and sport activities, provided by the organization. The authors come to a conclusion that when implementing practices of corporate sport and fitness programs for co-workers it is necessary to develop metrics for effectiveness assessment, create a balanced system of metrics as a system for strategic management of employees’ health. It is claimed, that in order to create successful and strong corporate culture, the fitness and sport activities should be regular, they should have a systemic approach and provide a well-organized system for monitoring and management.

Cartography, Left Periphery and Criterial Positions: an interview with Luigi Rizzi

ABSTRACT In this interview Luigi Rizzi discusses the ‘heuristic capacity’ of cartography and the functional lexicon, reinforcing important empirical issues for syntactic theory. Among the issues addressed by Rizzi are the tension between invariance and variation, the relations between cartographic representations and phase theory, the parametrization, the structural backbone and recursion, the criterial approach and freezing and the “future” of Cartography.

THE The Soundness of Arguments in The American Presidential Debate Between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump


 
 
 
 This study aimed to assess the soundness of arguments uttered by the presidential candidates Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton in the first American Presidential Debate 2016. This study was a qualitative study using Criterial Approach proposed by Hughes (2014). The data were analyzed based on three criteria namely, acceptability, relevance and adequacy. The results of the study show that Hillary Clinton gave 24 arguments supported by 70 premises. 50 of her premises met the criteria of acceptability, and 59 premises met the criteria of relevance 19 met the criteria of adequacy. Overall 5 of her arguments have all the premises fulfilled all the criteria of soundness. While for Donald Trump, he produced 25 arguments, 21 were acceptable, 20 relevant, and 3 adequate. Out of his 25 arguments, only 1 met all the criteria and can be considered as a sound argument. The findings indicated that Hillary Clinton made stronger and sounder arguments since they were supported by more accurate and logical premises. Trump failed to give sound argument since most of his premises were more focused on attacking his opponent’s personality rather than providing solid evidences or convincing reasoning. The results of this study should be beneficial for high school, college students or everyone who are interested in debating as an example of how to create a logically strong and sound argument. .
 
 
 

SYSTEM APPROACH TO INFORMATIONAL SUPPORT OF PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT OF FINISHED MEDICINAL PRODUCTS

The article considers the application of the system approach for constructing informational support for the life cycle of the production of medicinal products. The principal difficulties of creating a single informational system of the entire life cycle are considered in this article. A brief analysis of the information and computer support of individual links in the life cycle is given. Particular attention is paid to the use of a systematic approach to the creation of information support for the pharmaceutical development of medicines. The principle of QbD - “Quality planned for development” - was taken as a basis. For the implementation the QbD principle on the basis of the system approach, it is proposed to use the Shewhart-Deming iteration cycle to create an information support for a sustainable search for the optimal version (the program) of the conducted studies. The possibility of combining the PDCA cycle and the methodology of the system approach is shown. On its basis, system-theoretic multiple models of nformation support for pharmaceutical development in the graphic-analytical nomination were constructed. The method of applying the criterial approach for the formation of global and local criteria for managing research and the construction of system management models in the Melentiev’s brackets nomination are presented. The information modeling of the stage of pharmaceutical development has been carried out. Functional models have been constructed in the IDEF0 nomination.

Possibilities of diagnosing the condition of contact wire in terms of thermal wear

The paper considers the negative consequences of thermal softening of the contact wire material under the action of an electric arc, which is thermal wear. In order to determine the degree of softening of the contact wire in real time, the methodology for assessing the condition of the contact wire of electrified railways by the value of thermal wear is presented. The presented method is based on the criterial approach. The criteria for softening the material of the wire and the transition of the material to the liquid state are introduced. By comparing the amount of heat entering the wire in the event of an electric arc (with these criteria), the contact wire is diagnosed in terms of thermal wear. Calculations have been made using the proposed method; graphical dependences of the amount of heat entering the wire element on the current intensity of the electric arc for various times of its influence on the contact wire are constructed. A device for diagnosing the condition of the contact wire in terms of the amount of thermal wear is proposed, designed to record the place of occurrence of the electric arc, to collect and transmit the necessary initial data. The operating principle of the device is described and its structural diagram is given. The use of the method for assessing the condition of the contact wire in terms of the amount of thermal wear and the diagnostic device will make it possible to quantify the degree of thermal softening of the contact wire material in order to further determine its residual life.

Application of the criterial approach for the choice of forming technology for rod fasteners

The article presents the results of the application of the developed complex criterial approach for evaluating the production processes of fasteners such as bolts with hexagon head. An estimation of two technologies for manufacturing bolts was made, based on the criterial evaluation, the most rational production variance was selected.

STRATEGY OF HR DEVELOPMENT AT HIGH-TECH ENTERPRISES

The subject matter of the study is the mechanism of functioning and development of HR high-tech enterprise. In Ukraine, the most high-tech sector of the economy is represented by the information technology sector, namely the sub-sector of the development and implementation of information products and services. The relevance of researching HR processes in high-tech enterprises is due not only to the rapid growth of the IT sector of the Ukrainian market, but also to the need to study the work of the HR system taking into account the stages of the life cycle of such an enterprise. The development of a high-tech sector requires the continuous development of HR methods and tools. The goal of the work is to study the current state and directions of HR development in IT enterprises in accordance with the stages of the life cycle of such enterprises. The objectives of the work are to summarize the existing practical trends in HR and to study their structural characteristics; to improve the criterial approach to determining the relationship between the stage of the life cycle of a high-tech enterprise and the stage of development of the HR service. The general scientific and applied methods of theoretical and empirical research were used in the work: observation, comparison and analysis of empirical data, generalization, synthesis - for posing a problem, studying the laws of the development of the object of research; statistical - to assess the current state of the industry; graphic - to illustrate the results of the activities of enterprises and the formulation of findings of the studies. The result of the research is the formation of the fundamentals of a criterial approach to determining the relationship between the stage of the life cycle of a high-tech enterprise and the stage of development of the HR based on the ordering of existing trends in the field of HR. It is determined that strategic direction for modern enterprises is creation of HR-business partner, which will allow to solve complex problems of modern adaptive HR management tasks. The proposed indicators of HR performance evaluation depending on the stage of HR development.

Global/Transnational Laww Challenges to Theorizing about Law

Global/transnational “law” discourse seems to be premised on two important assumptions: first, that the empirical reality of the present day globalized world requires moving beyond the traditional concept of international law, because it no longer successfully depicts the nature of “raw data” of various regulatory and adjudicative phenomena taking place at the transnational level; and second, that the analytical rigor of the long dominant positivist strand of jurisprudence, which insists on the criterial approach to law and its autonomous status, nowadays contributes more to the obfuscation than to the clarification of its subject matter. Both of these assumptions lead to the claims that significantly challenge our traditional theorizing about law. According to the first – substantive – challenge, global/transnational phenomena give rise to the birth of a novel, non-statist and post-modern concept of law. According to the second – epistemological – challenge, the nature of the inquired phenomena requires adopting new research strategies which goes beyond the traditional method of the dominant analytical jurisprudence. I will scrutinize both of these challenges. As regards the first of them, I will show that while the strong claim that we are in the possession of some entirely novel concept of (global/transnational) law is not warranted, more modest claims regarding functional sphere of validity and genuinely new (global/transnational) sources of law merit significant weight. When it comes to the second claim, I will argue that the obsession with “law” as the “default descriptor” (Somek) for various global instruments of regulation and standardization stems largely from the erroneous assumption about the special, i.e. “exclusionary” nature of legal rules. Once the direct link between legal “normativity”, “validity”, and “bindingness” is exposed as unsubstantiated, the path is cleared for a more nuanced investigation about the nature of different phenomena that do not pass the threshold of “legality”. This, finally, implies that calls to substitute analyticity and criterialism with some sort of legal pluralist approach, which self-consciously blurs the lines between law and non-law, should be abandoned in favor of a refined analytical approach, which relies on a different sort of socio-legal investigation, the one that treats law as a normative order that is a product of specific historical development and that is as such in interaction with other social normative orders.

Критериальный подход к поиску токовых режимов работы термоэлектрических устройств повышенной надежности

The authors consider possibilities of the criterial approach to determining the current operating mode of a single-stage thermoelectric cooling unit (TCU), when used reliability failure rate as a basic parameter. The relations were obtained for determining the current operating mode of a TCU with a given geometry of the branches for different operating conditions, taking into account a variety of restrictive requirements. The paper presents a comparative analysis of current conditions close to the maximum energy efficiency and minimum modes failure rate, which allows choosing compromise options.

Is the Arithmetic or Harmonic Mean the Best Valuation Estimate?

A rigorously justifiable procedure to calculate a group multiple based on multiples of separate members of the group does not exist. Academicians and practitioners use the arithmetic mean, harmonic mean, and median to calculate valuation multiples for various industries and sectors of the economy. This article offers a criterial interpretation of the arithmetic and harmonic means and considers the group multiple problem as decision making based on the criterial approach.

Evaluation of management efficiency of analytical and expert activity in the field of general secondary education of region

The scientific approaches to the expert evaluation of efficiency in the field of education management are considered in the article. Determination of analytical and expert activity is given and its expediency is grounded. The system of efficiency evaluation of analytical and expert activity is worked out on principles of parametric and criterial approach. The problems of further researches of analytical and expert activity are outlined