Typological Criteria Research Articles

Book review article on Jack Goody’s the domestication of the Savage mind

Although there may be a level of abstraction at which similarities can be made to appear, there is also a level of specificity at which differences create a significant gap. (Katherine Hayles,) The study of writing systems has had a long history within the discipline of anthropology, and opinions concerning its importance and the kind of problems it should address have shown diversity. This book tries to deal with the concept of literacy in various traditional societies, and how writing has influenced literacy. Before going any further it is important to understand what literacy means. As Goldfish suggested literacy is a tool, it is not just confined to reading and writing, there are various types of literacy, such as oracy speaking and understanding oral language, computer literacy, cultural literacy (ideas and ideals from past culture that defined and shaped today‟s society). It is a way through which we learn about the world and can participate in the society. Goody gives a contrast between literate and non literate societies where he emphasizes on alphabetic literacy, it further analysis the effect of writing on „modes of thought‟ and major societal institutions. It is an anthropological account of changing ways of thinking in east and west; it tries to break away from superiority created by dichotomy between west‟s the domesticated or civilized ones and east‟s the savage or the barbaric. It explains the concept of literacy; taking in account understanding of sociology, psychology, linguistics, philosophy, history and others. The understanding of literacy and the different theories about literacy have changed and developed over time. There are four present learning theories that most people believe. They are constructivist, interactive, sociolinguistic, and reader response. It is the sociolinguistic theory with which we can compare Goody‟s work. Sociolinguistic theories focus on the cultural dimension that affects literacy. It is a social activity, and is therefore created and changed by the culture. Vygotsky believes that language helps to organize thought, and children use language to communicate and share experiences as well as to learn. The fact that language is for social purposes is important to remember when teaching; exemplify that, and work it into different activities. Scaffolding is a belief of Vygotsky that uses parents and teachers as support mechanisms for students; enabling them to accomplish more difficult things that they would not be able to do without collaboration. Performing tasks that one can already do does not help to increase knowledge. Zone of proximal development is the range of tasks between the student's actual developmental level and their potential level. Vygotsky differentiates between scientific knowledge and everyday knowledge. He focuses on the role instructions in formal setting, in other words he talks about function of literacy in society. Nineteenth century evolutionist seized upon the presence or absence of writing as a typological criteria which, when used to define different levels of cultural development, served handily to distinguish “civilization” from its antecedent stages. Shortly before 1900 interest shifted to the history of writing itself, many theories were propounded which traced the evolution of graphic communication from its present state of development as alphabet. But it gradually stopped around 1950‟s and 60‟s as linguist depicted writing as mere representation of oral language without having its own body and soul. But it was not the end during the last decade, interest in systems of writing had started to accelerate. There were many reasons for the same but one the major reasons was Goody‟s persistent advocacy writing bearing directly on basic problems in anthropological theory. The domestication of Savage Mind constitutes eight chapters, which deals with various aspects of alphabetical literacy and its affect on society at large. It also takes on major consequence of literacy on structure and operation of human mind. Firstly I will try to summarize the book and with will put forward arguments so as to analyze it closely. For decades, anthropologists have tried to draw empirically valid distinction between „primitive‟ and „advanced‟ form of thought. The contrast has been phrased in many ways. It looks at how modes of thought have changed over the period of time and space. How binaries have been created which are rooted in we/they which is both ethnocentric and analytically confining. This kind of framework is either non developmental, a flaw that precludes the possibility of accounting for the historical emergence of „advanced‟ form of thought from their presumably more rudimentary precursors. It has happened because the way sociologist and anthropologist have studied it that is through cultural relativism, which is nonevolutionary in nature. The

The archaeological record of the Gravettian open air site Krems-Wachtberg

Since 2005, annual excavation campaigns have been conducted at the open air site of Krems-Wachtberg in eastern Austria. This paper provides an overview of the preliminary archaeological results, including a presentation of the site's Upper Palaeolithic features and find inventories, as well as a discussion of its position within the Gravettian of the Middle Danube region.The site is characterized by a well-developed occupation layer with associated features like hearths and burials. From a local perspective, the station is part of an extensive Gravettian settlement cluster on the Wachtberg promontory. Beyond that, more far-ranging connections can be established to sites of the older Gravettian forming the regional group of the Pavlovian. These analogies apply to topographic position and economic factors, as well as to technological and typological criteria of the lithic inventories. Furthermore, parallels in burial rituals and art are evident.

Psihopatija i osobine ličnosti kod heroinskih zavisnika u tretmanu i opšte populacije

U radu je prikazano istraživanje čiji je osnovni cilj bio da se utvrdi da li skorovi na dimenzijama psihopatije mogu poslužiti kao validan osnov za grupisanje ispitanika, heroinskih zavisnika u tretmanu i kontrolne grupe iz opšte populacije, ujednačenih po polu i godinama starosti. Takođe, interesovalo nas je na koji način su heroinski zavisnici raspoređeni u dobijenim grupama. Ispitivanje osobina ličnosti dobijenih grupa bio je treći cilj istraživanja. Na uzorku od 180 ispitanika, 90 heroinskih zavisnika u tretmanu i 90 ispitanika iz opšte populacije, starosti 21–43 godine, primenjeni su Upitnik za procenu psihopatije (PAQ) i upitnik Velikih pet plus dva (VP+2). Za procenu broja klastera u prostoru dimenzija upitnika PAQ primenjene su hijerarhijska Wardova klaster analiza i nehijerarhijska k-means analiza. Rešenje sa četiri klastera pokazalo se kao optimalno. Multivarijantnom analizom varijanse je dobijena statistički značajna razlika između klastera u pogledu faktorskih skorova na svim dimenzijama upitnika PAQ. Četiri klastera su imenovana kao grupa psihopata, grupa tragača za senzacijama, grupa hiperadaptiranih i grupa adaptiranih bezosećajnih. Najveći broj heroinskih zavisnika raspoređen je u grupi psihopata i grupi tragača za senzacijama, dok je najveći broj ispitanika iz opšte populacije raspoređen u grupi hiperadaptiranih i grupi adaptiranih bezosećajnih. Kada su u pitanju osobine ličnosti, multivarijantnom analizom varijanse na faktorskim skorovima na dimenzijama upitnika VP+2 takođe je dobijena statistički značajna razlika između klastera, izuzev na dimenzijama Otvorenost ka iskustvu i Pozitivna valenca.

The Typological Classification of the Hebrew of Genesis: Subject-Verb or Verb-Subject?

, the Object can precede or follow both the Subject and the Verb, and adverbs and prepositional phrases can be thrown into a variety of positions. To the reader word order often seems to be random, but grammarians have long agreed that it is not random or ‘free’. Describing precisely what determines the order of words, though, remains an elusive task. Yet, it is universally understood that determining a rhyme and reason for the variation exhibited in the biblical texts would provide access to subtle linguistic cues the ancient authors used to get their message across. And so many Hebraists have attempted to identify the patterns. As with all investigations, though, the initial assumptions strongly influence the conclusions and for Hebrew word order studies the almost universal starting point has been to assume a basic Verb-Subject order. In this essay I challenge this assumption, thereby potentially undercutting the methodologies and conclusions of the vast majority of existing word order studies. I introduce, describe, and illustrate the typological linguistic criteria for determining basic word order and conclude, contrary to near-consensus position, that Biblical Hebrew is better classified as a Subject-Verb language.

Combined dating methods applied to building archaeology: The contribution of thermoluminescence to the case of the bell tower of St Martin’s church, Angers (France)

Abstract St Martin’s church, Angers, is emblematic of the problems raised in pre-12th century history of architecture. In view of the importance of this building, it was necessary to attempt to define its dating and this study particularly focuses on its bell-tower. In addition to the conclusion resulting from the interpretation of written sources and typological criteria positioning the construction of the site at the beginning of the 11th century, not only a significant number of 14C dates were carried out on charcoals from the masonry structures, but also independent dating by archaeomagnetism and thermoluminescence were performed on bricks from the bell-tower. The whole results from these three different methods agree and indicate the lower level of the bell-tower was likely built in the 9th century, disputing evidence to the theory of construction in the 11th century of the church. Presented here are the detailed results obtained from the thermoluminescence (TL) dating analysis.

Stratégies de résolution de problèmes et attention sélective dans la schizophrénie : critères typologiques et multidimensionnels de la Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS)

Introduction The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) is one of the most widespread diagnostic scales of psychoses, in particular for Schizophrenia. The scale distinguishes between positive and negative subtypes. A consequent number of researches explored the cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia by distinguishing these negative and positive subtypes. However, findings are inconsistent. On the other hand, multidimensional diagnostic criteria show the specificity of cognitive disorders within the different spheres of schizophrenia. Literature findings Studies show that principal components analyze applied to PANSS's 30 items attain from three to nine components. Therefore, psychotic, negative and disorganized dimensions were regularly obtained. Every one of these dimensions has specific neuropsychological and cognitive correlations. Objectives Our purpose was to explore cognitive disorders related to the negative and positive subtypes as defined by typological criteria and negative, disorganised and psychotic dimensions defined by multidimensional criteria. Our particular interest was selective attention and problem-solving abilities. Materials and methods Our sample incorporated 42 subjects responding to D.S.M.-IV criteria for schizophrenia (APA, 1994). The mean age was 40.58 ± 7.95 years, the mean years of education were 9.88 ± 2.74, the mean duration of illness was 12.26 ± 6.49 years and the number of hospitalisations was 4.41 ± 2.27. Clinical assessment was reached by using the Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS). In order to define schizophrenic dimensions, the principal components analysis was performed with Varimax rotation. To assess problem-solving and selective attention, subjects were asked to complete the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Parlor Game, the Stroop test and the Word Recognition Scale (ADAS-cog). Statistical significance was based on non-parametric measures: the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Spearman correlation test. Results Typological diagnostic criteria based on PANNS show no cognitive differences between positive, negative and mixed sub-types in selective attention and problem-solving ability. On the other hand, the principal component analysis applied to PANSS shows three components ; negative, psychotic and disorganisation. Clinical assessment: the negative component included blunted affect, lack of spontaneity and active social avoidance, the psychotic component included delusions, hallucinatory behaviour, grandiosity, suspiciousness and unusual thought content, and finally the disorganisation component comprised conceptual disorganisation, difficulty in abstract thinking, disorientation and poor attention. Cognitive assessment: the disorganisation dimension was associated with low performances in the Stroop test and in the Word Recognition Scale. Negative dimensions were correlated to low performances in the indicators of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (number of errors, number of perseverant errors, number of failures to maintain the set, number of trials to achieve the task and number of achieved categories) and the Parlor Game. However, no significant correlation was found between psychotic dimensions and cognitive dysfunctions. Conclusion Our study contributes to the comprehension of specific patterns of cognitive disorders of schizophrenics by using multidimensional criteria. Results are detailed and discussed.

GIS Modeling of Wave Exposure at the Seabed: A Depth-attenuated Wave Exposure Model

Several studies have documented relationships between wave exposure and distribution, density, and size of marine species. Hence, this factor is at a high level in the hierarchical habitat classification system EUNIS and is one of the Water Framework Directive water typology criteria of coastal waters. Isæus (2004) has developed a continuous simplified wave model (SWM) that has been applied to several Nordic countries. Here we refine this model by introducing depth-attenuation, giving us the advantage of a model for wave exposure as it will actually work at the seabed. The values of the depth-attenuated model SWM(d) are approximately similar to the SWM model in shallow areas but noticeably lower in deep areas. The two models were compared in an analysis of the distribution of seabed substrate in the Stockholm archipelago. Using the depth-attenuated wave exposure instead of the SWM model as predictor in substrate modeling improved these models considerably.

Op pad na 'n nuwe woordeboektipologie

The lexicographic practice was established during a pretheoretical era with the first dictionaries responding to the real needs of real users and not to criteria laid down by theoretical lexicographers. Different types of dictionaries emerged due to the varying needs of a wide variety of potential dictionary users. Throughout the early development of lexicographic practice the work was dominated by a user-driven approach, resulting in dictionaries being compiled to serve as utility instruments. During the first phases of the development of theoretical lexicography much attention was focussed on typological models and to criteria relevant for each dictionary category within the relevant typological model. Unfortunately this often led to dictionaries being compiled according to typological criteria instead of being a response to user needs. This paper focuses on various aspects of the existing typological classifications and on situating these classifications within the context of a general theory of lexicography. Utilising the results of the more recent emphasis on lexicographic functions it is maintained that a less rigid approach is necessary in the classification of dictionaries. Typological classification should rather be done according to lexicographic functions and not only according to established models. A brief discussion of the development of lexicographic theory indicates a shift from a linguistic-based approach to an approach characterised by its emphasis on dictionary structures and eventually to an approach that introduced lexicographic functions. It is shown that the typological classification is still largely dominated by a linguistic bias. Various aspects of the traditional typological classification are discussed, including the proposal from theoretical lexicographers that dictionary classes should not be regarded as isolated compartments. Allowance should be made for an interaction between the different classes with dictionaries displaying features from more than one typological category. The focus in this discussion is on the call to introduce lexicographic functions as a determining factor in the classification of dictionaries. An introduction to some aspects of lexicographic functions is followed by a closer look at different user situations and different user types. The needs and reference skills of a well-identified target user group should determine the functions of any dictionary. These user-based functions should then determine the nature of the dictionary type. Although changes are proposed for the current typological classification, it is not suggested that all existing typological categories should be abandoned or altered. In many cases the same classification should be maintained. It is suggested that a stronger functional approach should lead to the introduction of more unambiguous subtitles, explicating the function of a given dictionary, e.g. Helping with the reading/ writing/ translation of a text. What is regarded as extremely important is that dictionaries should no longer be compiled to obey the criteria of a typological category, isolated from the real situation of dictionary use, and that dictionaries should respond to the needs of users and should realise different communication and cognitive functions. A functional integration of typological features will reflect the needs of the target users rather than the formal criteria of a given typological classification in the planning, compilation and eventual classification of a dictionary.

A three-dimensional approach to school typology using vertical scanning multibeam sonar

Fish school typology is usually based on vertical echosounding images. These images provide little objective information on school structure (internal characteristics) or morphology (external characteristics). This paper considers the possibility of using multibeam sonar for 3D recording of the external morphology and internal structure of schools, to enhance the identification of typological criteria. We used recordings of 668 schools obtained from three different regions (Senegal, 68; Venezuela, 343; Mexico, 257) on two different Clupeids (Venezuela and Senegal: Sardinella aurita; Mexico: Sardinops sagax). We extracted 26 parameters (4 geographical; 6 morphological; 16 structural) from each school in the data base, using geostatistics and 3D image-reconstruction software. The schools were very homogeneous in most of their characteristics, presenting unimodal distributions of most parameters. Structural variables presented a higher power of discrimination (significant differences among zones, species and positions in the water column) than morphological ones. Multivariate statistics (principal component analysis followed by mixed hierarchical classification) allowed the definition of four main classes of schools. The conclusion is that the structural data provided by multibeam sonar improves the possibility of obtaining a consistent typology.

Changing Stalking Patterns and Prosecutorial Decisions: Bridging the Present to the Future

This article reviews sixty cases from prosecutor's files in two New Jersey counties. These cases are used to examine and help better define the phenomena of stalking. Selected sample case examples are presented and described in regard to the typology of stalking behavior originally proposed by Dziegielewski and Roberts (1995). Based on these cases, application, modification and refinement of the typology criteria are suggested. The critical need for crisis intervention protocols and specialized anti-stalking units and training are emphasized. It is hoped that this information will help the criminal justice and forensic professional to better understand, assess the dangerousness of, and intervene rapidly and effectively in the phenomena of stalking, and to provide technology to protect victims.

Non A Non B Variants in the Binary Typology of Alcoholics

The authors analyze the possibility of refining the current trend of bio-typology for subjects with alcohol dependency (as promoted by the teams of von Knorring, Goodwin, Cloninger and Babor). We analyzed a sample of 278 patients with alcohol dependency, and we applied the criteria for dichotomous typology: type 1 (A) with onset of alcohol dependency after 20 years of age, with no significant pedigree, and without aggressive behavior, and type 2 (B) with onset before 20 years of age, significant pedigree (at least 1 parent with alcoholism), and aggressive behavior. After applying the criteria, a residual sample of 55 subjects (19.06%) was left that did not satisfy the above criteria. For this residual sample, the authors analyzed a set of variables (biologic, psychologic, medical, and social). The authors proposed 2 typological variants and some possible future directions for research. The non A non B residuum is a heterogeneous typological group, which suggests the homogeneity of the criteria for the first 2 types and, on the other hand, argues about their incomplete character.

Coping styles of type I and type II alcohol-dependent men undergoing treatment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the ways by which individuals with alcohol dependence, who were subgrouped into type I and type II according to the typology criteria of von Knorring et al, (J. Study Alcohol. 1987;48:523-527), cope with life events. One hundred male alcohol-dependent individuals participating in a therapeutic program composed the study sample. Of the 100, 61 subjects were categorized as type I and 39 subjects as type II. Coping styles were measured using a self-administered questionnaire that includes 8 subscales of coping styles. The type II subgroup scored significantly lower on the suppression subscale and significantly higher on the replacement, mapping, and substitution subscales as compared with the type I subgroup, of which the latter difference was at a tendency level. As regards the remaining 4 coping style subscales, minimization, help seeking, blame, and reversal, no significant differences were found between the 2 patient subgroups. The differences found may be taken into account in the development of therapeutic programs for the 2 subgroups.

Strategy dynamics in industrial marketing: a business types perspective

PurposeIndustrial marketing covers a broad range of heterogeneous products and services. In response to this heterogeneity, researchers have developed a variety of systematisations of transactions on industrial markets. These systematisations have provided insights for the identification of different types of transaction processes (business types), and for deriving type‐specific marketing recommendations. Based on this literature, the paper considers the consequences of interpreting the typological criteria as variables that can be influenced by the transaction parties, instead of treating them as data.Design/methodology/approachTransaction cost economics provides the main theoretical foundations. Focusing on seller‐initiated strategy, the paper develops a conceptual framework for shifts between business types that are derived based on differing degrees and horizons of asset specificity.FindingsThe paper proposes a conceptual framework and discusses technological and contractual ways of implementing shifts between business types. A central implication of the dynamic perspective is the idea of asset specificity as a choice variable.Research limitations/implicationsFirst, this research is conceptual. Future empirical research is needed regarding the proposed framework as a whole as well as individual hypotheses. Second, based on our qualitative considerations, more formal models could possibly be applied as useful complements in further analysis of some of the raised issues.Practical implicationsFundamental changes in market offerings in the form of shifts between business types are common elements of marketing practice, with recent examples in the automotive industry and the IT sector. The paper offers a framework for systematically considering such shifts.Originality/valueThe paper extends existing (static) business types frameworks by incorporating a dynamic perspective.

Testing the European stream typology of the Water Framework Directive for macroinvertebrates

In the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) a typological framework is defined for assessing the ecological quality of water bodies in the future. The conditions in the Directive impose a strong demand for `new' assessment systems. During the AQEM project an assessment system was developed for European streams using macroinvertebrates. The aim of this study was to test if the typology suggested in the WFD is useful for developing an assessment system for macroinvertebrates in streams. In total 889 streams of 29 stream types were sampled in eight countries all over the major geographical gradients in Europe. These stream types fit the WFD typological demands and fit to the major European geographic regions (ecoregions). The sites included gradients from reference conditions (for the definition see Nijboer et al., 2004) to sites with bad ecological quality. Despite standardisation there were large differences between the participating countries concerning the number of taxa, the number of specimens and the taxonomic resolution. The data, including macroinvertebrates and environmental variables were analysed by using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). The observed macroinvertebrate distribution largely supported the WFD typological criteria. This means that the major macroinvertebrate distribution patterns in European streams follow climatological and geomorphological conditions and are well distinguished in terms of stream types. Furthermore, it was shown that large scale factors affected the macroinvertebrate distribution even on a very fine scale. Most explanatory variables seemed to be scale independent. Even at a fine scale major factors concerning geology, geomorphology and hydrology added to the species occurrences. Within stream types morphology together with physico-chemistry best explained the macroinvertebrates distribution. In conclusion, the WFD typology is useful for an assessment system for streams using macroinvertebrates. The large scale factors were indeed the variables that explained most of the variation in species composition. But as these factors even strongly act at the scale of stream types, a further refinement is most probably necessary to disentangle typological actors from water quality ones.

Milk Jugs' and other Myths of the Copper Age of Central Europe

Ceramics were subjected to organic residue analysis from two collections: a series of middle Copper Age (Bodrogkeresztur) vessels hitherto known as ‘milk jugs’, curated in the Magyar Nemzeti Muzeum, Budapest, and a collection of early Baden (Boleraz) vessels from the recently discovered settlement of Gyo”r-Szabadret-domb, in western Hungary. The aim of the analyses was to establish whether or not these vessels, often associated with milk based on typological criteria, were actually used to process, store or serve dairy products. The results of the analyses revealed that no dairy products could be securely identified in the so-called ‘milk jugs’. Nevertheless dairy products were identified in other vessel types.

Ujęcie mitotwórcze i demityzujące w polskiej literaturze współczesnej o tematyce żydowskiej

The paper claims that thematic approach has played an essential role in Polish literary criticism for the last fifty years. Although the typological criteria for thematic classification are usually disputed, literary works depicting the tragic experience of the Second World War do not lack the consensus of scholars in this respect. There has been intense debate over Jewish topics as literary controversy has been determined by external factors for the past half-century. Further complications may arise from the manifestation of demythologization and myth-creating tendencies in deheroizing and heroic forms in works on the Second World War. While these facts can be merely used as classifying factors in the case of existential-historical themes, the heroic and myth-creating approach indicates the posterity's negative aesthetic evaluation of works describing life in concentration camps.

‘Milk Jugs’ and Other Myths of the Copper Age of Central Europe’

Ceramics were subjected to organic residue analysis from two collections: a series of middle Copper Age (Bodrogkeresztúr) vessels hitherto known as ‘milk jugs’, curated in the Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum, Budapest, and a collection of early Baden (Boleráz) vessels from the recently discovered settlement of Gyo”r-Szabadrét-domb, in western Hungary. The aim of the analyses was to establish whether or not these vessels, often associated with milk based on typological criteria, were actually used to process, store or serve dairy products. The results of the analyses revealed that no dairy products could be securely identified in the so-called ‘milk jugs’. Nevertheless dairy products were identified in other vessel types.

Trace analysis for distinguishing between Venetian and façon-de-Venise glass vessels of the 16th and 17th century

In this paper, the differences and similarities in chemical composition between facon-de-Venise glass excavated in Antwerp and two types of Venetian glass, both from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, are documented. On the basis of typological criteria alone it is not possible to distinguish imported Venetian glass from locally produced glass. For this purpose, the major element composition of Antwerp and Venetian glass was studied with EPXMA (electron probe X-ray microanalysis) and, in a second phase, these objects were also analysed for their trace element content by means of SR-XRF (synchrotron radiation induced X-ray fluorescence analysis) and LA-ICP-MS (laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry). The largest group of Antwerp objects has a composition that significantly differs from truly Venetian compositions, pointing to an important local production. However, a few objects were found that have a major composition very similar to Venetian Cristallo and a larger group corresponds to the Venetian Vitrum Blanchum composition. In order to be able to make a more clear distinction between the Antwerp Cristallo and Venetian Cristallo glass types, to verify that indeed the Antwerp and Venetian Vitrum Blanchum compositions are identical and to understand better the causes of the compositional differences among the groups, the concentrations of a number of trace elements, possibly providing clues on the raw materials, were determined.

State Formation in Egypt. Chronology and Society

This study, the focus of which is the transitional period from late Predynastic to early Dynastic times, seeks to establish a reliable and refined framework of local chronologies, for the purpose of investigating the complex socio-economic changes which took place. It also seeks to examine the origins of the the trend towards political unification of the country. With reference to mortuary data, a full explanation is offered of the techniques of seriation and statistical analysis, and typological criteria as applied to seven cemeteries in the Nile valley. Wilkinson supplies a summary of recent advances in understanding the evidence uncovered, and the issues left to be pursued. Controls are presented to chart alongside the principal ceramic phases, and appendices give details of the pottery groups employed. An extended essay in Part 5 completes the picture by discussing Delta communities of some significance just lately brought to light.

Lake Typology Influences on the Phosphorus-Chlorophyll Relationship in Subarctic, Alaskan Lakes

ABSTRACT We examined the relationship between chlorophyll a (chl a) and phosphorus (P) concentration among 52 clear, 21 organically stained (yellow colored), and 14 glacially turbid (silty) lakes in Alaska. A weak correlation (r2 = 0.14) exists between seasonal mean chl a and total phosphorus (TP) with most of die error related to the glacial lakes. However, nonbiologically available P represents 52% of TP in glacial lakes compared to only 12% in clear lakes and 15% in stained lakes. TP corrected for nonbiologically available phosphorus (CTP) explains 55% of the variation in chl a across lake typologies. However, chl a response to CTP is greater in clear lakes compared to stained lakes. Despite having higher CTP concentrations, the CTP-chl a relationship is not significant for the glacial lakes, suggesting the influence of other factors on chl a. Considering clear, stained, and glacial lakes together, adding turbidity and color along with CTP accounts for 60% of the variation in chl a. The additional variability explained (32%) by the multivariate model represents a composite measure of the influence of lake typology on the TP-chl a relationship. Despite the comparatively narrow range in chl a (0.1 to 9.9 μg · L−1) and CTP concentrations (1.7 to 36.2 μg · L−1) and the wide range in turbidity (0.2 to 48.6 NTU) and color (2 to 55 platinum-cobalt units), our multivariate model provides a foundation for defining specific lake typology criteria (other than P) that can better predict chl a. Application of our model will benefit assessment of regional changes in water quality, trophic status, and fish habitat across a variety of lake types.