Criteria For Identification Research Articles

Identification of rheumatoid arthritis in German claims data using different algorithms: Validation by cross-sectional patient-reported survey data.

To evaluate different algorithms for the identification of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in claims data using patient-reported diagnosis as reference. Within longitudinal data from a large German statutory health insurance, we selected a random sample of persons with ICD-10 code for RA (M05/M06) in ≥2 quarters in 2013. The sample was stratified for age, sex, and M05/M06. Persons were asked to confirm RA diagnosis (gold standard), which was linked to claims data given consent. Analyses were weighted to represent the total RA population of the database. Positive predictive values (PPVs) and discriminative properties were calculated for different algorithms: ICD-10 code only, additional examination of inflammatory markers, prescription of specific medication, rheumatologist appointment, or combination of these. Of 6193 persons with a claims diagnosis of RA, 3184 responded (51%). Overall, PPV for the ICD-10 code was 81% (95% confidence interval 79%-83%) with 94% (92%-95%) for M05 and 76% (73%-79%) for M06. PPVs increased (with loss of case numbers) if inflammatory markers (82% [80%-84%]), rheumatology visits (85% [82%-87%]) or specific medication (89% [87%-91%]) had been used in addition. Specific medication had the best discriminative properties (diagnostic odds ratio of 3.0) among persons with RA diagnosis. The ICD-10 codes M05 and (less optimal) M06 have high PPVs and are valuable to identify RA in German claims data. Depending on the respective research question, researchers should use different criteria for identification of RA.

Non-Probabilistic Reliability Bounds Method for Series Structural Systems Considering Redundant Failure Modes

Non-probabilistic structural reliability analysis is based on the convex model and more applicable for practical engineering problems with limited samples. Recently, the authors proposed a non-probabilistic reliability bounds method (NRBM) for series structural systems as an effective means for the assessment of systems’ non-probabilistic reliability. A novel non-probabilistic reliability bounds method considering redundant failure modes is proposed in this paper for series structural systems to further improve the efficiency and accuracy of the NRBM. By decomposing the system into several subsystems with two or three failure modes, three identification criteria for redundant failure modes are developed for these subsystems. A bounding formula for the system’s non-probabilistic failure degree is then derived after removing the redundant failure modes. An investigation of three numerical examples indicates that the proposed method has a higher efficiency and at least equivalent accuracy compared to the NRBM.

What is the overlap between malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia in the older population? Study protocol for cross-sectional study using UK Biobank.

In an increasingly older adult population, understanding the inter-relationship between three age related conditions malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia is important in order to improve their recognition, treatment and prevention. This study aims to determine the overlap between malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia by measuring estimates of prevalence for each individual condition. In addition, we will compare two models of frailty which are the accumulation of deficits and phenotype models. This is a cross-sectional study that will use the UK Biobank database, which will include a subset of 381,000 participants: males and females aged 50 years and above who completed the baseline assessments. For the baseline assessments, details of the participants' characteristics will be included. All three conditions will be identified and mapped to variables collected at the baseline assessment. Variables for malnutrition will be mapped according to the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria. Frailty will be defined according to two models: the 36 deficits and the phenotype model. Finally, sarcopenia will be assessed according to the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) standard. This proposed study will help to understand the presence of malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia in the older population and describe any overlap between the conditions. There is little published research on the overlap between these three conditions. Despite the similarity and shared criteria used for the identification of malnutrition, frailty and sarcopenia there is still a lack of cohesive thinking around the overlap of applied definitions and identification criteria. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04655456 approved on the 10th of December 2020.

An improved method for coherent structure identification based on mutual K-nearest neighbors

ABSTRACT The clustering algorithm based on mutual K-nearest neighbors (MKNN) is presented to identify coherent structures in complicated fluid flows, in order to analyze the mass mixing and transport. First, both trajectory similarity and spatial proximity are used to describe and measure the coherence between particles. These two identification criteria are frame-invariant since they are derived from the relative distances of particles. Then, the concept of mutual K-nearest neighbors is introduced further, and particles with the same cluster label are identified as coherent structures after the initialization and merging process of clusters, while incoherent regions consist of incoherent particles, which cannot form a mutual K-nearest neighbors relationship with other particles. Finally, the MKNN-based clustering algorithm is applied to three examples, realizing the identification and tracking of coherent structures. The identification results show that the MKNN-based clustering algorithm is robust to parameter K, and a higher threshold λ of cluster quantity will be helpful to identify the finer structures in flows. Moreover, spatial proximity performs better in vortex identification, and trajectory similarity is more suitable for elongated structures (jets) identification. Importantly, the method presented analyzes the evolutions of vortices in detail, including the generation, stretching, and merging processes. In summary, the MKNN-based clustering algorithm takes particle trajectories as input data, analyzes the evolution of relative distances between particles quantitatively, and carries out clustering analysis on particles according to trajectory similarity and spatial proximity. The combination of the MKNN-based clustering algorithm and frame-invariant identification criteria shows great potential in coherent structure identification of complicated fluid flows.

Abstract B010: Dynamics of fibril collagen remodeling in early DCIS invasions: integrating in silico modeling and tumor histology

Abstract Progression from a ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to an invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) involves changes in the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) fibril patterns before and during the development of ductal microinvasions, i.e., small cohorts of tumor cells that breach the duct and migrate through the stroma. We used a combination of mathematical modeling (with the hybrid agent-based model silicoDCIS) and advanced image analysis techniques applied to histological and fluorescent images in order to identify the rules of cell-ECM interactions that guide the emergence of various alignment patterns of the ECM fibrils. This includes the three tumor associated collagen signatures (TACS) previously observed in laboratory experiments. This integrated approach provides an in silico tool for testing biomechanical hypotheses of tumor cell-tumor matrix interactions. These findings can be compared to the patient histology samples and may help to define criteria for identification of DCIS to IDC transition and future development of new diagnostic methods. Citation Format: Katarzyna A. Rejniak, Sharan Poonja, Shreya Mathur, Mehdi Damaghi, Marilyn Bui. Dynamics of fibril collagen remodeling in early DCIS invasions: integrating in silico modeling and tumor histology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Rethinking DCIS: An Opportunity for Prevention?; 2022 Sep 8-11; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2022;15(12 Suppl_1): Abstract nr B010.

MiRador: a fast and precise tool for the prediction of plant miRNAs.

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are short, noncoding RNA molecules that restrict gene expression via posttranscriptional regulation and function in several essential pathways, including development, growth, and stress responses. Accurately identifying miRNAs in populations of small RNA sequencing libraries is a computationally intensive process that has resulted in the misidentification of inaccurately annotated miRNA sequences. In recent years, criteria for miRNA annotation have been refined with the aim to reduce these misannotations. Here, we describe miRador, a miRNA identification tool that utilizes the most up-to-date, community-established criteria for accurate identification of miRNAs in plants. We combined target prediction and Parallel Analysis of RNA Ends (PARE) data to assess the precision of the miRNAs identified by miRador. We compared miRador to other commonly used miRNA prediction tools and found that miRador is at least as precise as other prediction tools while being substantially faster than other tools. miRador should be broadly useful for the plant community to identify and annotate miRNAs in plant genomes.

Attempts to introduce a system of national, racial and/or ethnocultural discrimination in codes of biological nomenclature should not be tolerated: Comments on some recent proposals (Wright & Gillman, 2022, etc.)

AbstractWith their article “Restoring indigenous names in taxonomy”, Gillman & Wright (2020) initiated a discussion that culminated in a set of proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) by allowing the retroactive replacement of scientific names and/or epithets of plants and other organisms in favor of “indigenous names” (vernacular names used by Indigenous Peoples). Here I emphasize several main topics and questions critically important for the suggested implementation of the proposals by Wright and Gillman. My conclusions regarding the proposals by Wright and Gillman are as follows. The “definition” of Indigenous People proposed by Wright and Gillman for the ICN is dramatically different from the working definitions and identification/self‐identification criteria of Indigenous Peoples provided in the UN Declaration on the rights of Indigenous Peoples (United Nations, 2007) and other relevant international documents. That “definition” is vague, potentially discriminatory, may bring unnecessary conflicts, and cannot be used in practice. Nomenclatural committees and the taxonomic community as a whole should not be involved in political debates about which peoples are indigenous and which are not, which bodies represent those peoples and which do not have that right. Giving special privileges in nomenclature to some groups of Indigenous Peoples but not to other peoples with comparable levels of traditional knowledge would be an act of unexplainable and unjustified discrimination. The argument of “demonstrable chronological priority” of vernacular “indigenous” names over scientific names used by Wright and Gillman is irrelevant in biological nomenclature and taxonomy and cannot be used in practice. The proposal to allow the use of “indigenous” diacritics in biological nomenclature would result in allowance of dozens diacritic signs actually used by various Indigenous ethnic groups, and should not be accepted. The replacement procedure proposed by Wright and Gillman will not work as they intended because they failed to outline workable rules for it. Science (the scientific nomenclature of organisms included) should not be biased or distorted politically, racially, ethnically, socially, genderly, religiously or otherwise. Any attempts or proposals aimed at granting preferences in biological nomenclature to any political, racial, ethnic, social, gender, religious or other group or groups should be rejected as discriminatory acts. Consequently, the “proposals” by Wright and Gillman should be rejected by the international community of taxonomists of plants, fungi, and algae.

False Positive Identification of Pesticides in Food Using the European Standard Method and LC-MS/MS Determination: Examples and Solutions from Routine Applications

The latest standard method for pesticides in food and feed (EN 15662:2018) is now generally used in control laboratories. However, routine analyses of the combination of hundreds of compounds and food matrices highlighted that false positive identification of pesticides in particular food matrices does occur. The aim of the study was to show relevant precedents when thorough investigation was necessary to make a decision on possibly compliant/non-compliant samples. Examples include the pesticide/commodity combination of atrazine-desethyl in date seed coffee, mepanipyrim in parsley root, myclobutanil in white peppercorn, primisulfuron-methyl in herb extract, propham in elderberry, quinoclamine in fennel and tebufenpyrad in dried ginger. These examples, which were presented for the first time, indicated that the identification criteria for some pesticides in certain food matrices, according to the SANTE/11312/2021 guideline, might fail: the general criteria as stable retention time and ion ratio could lead to an incorrect qualification of pesticides. Standard addition was useful not only in compensating for the background during mass spectrometric detection under the confirmatory analysis, but also in the identification process when negligible retention time difference was observed between the analytes and the interfering matrix compounds.

A quantitative approach to evaluating interictal epileptiform discharges based on interpretable quantitative criteria

ObjectiveTo provide quantitative measures of the six International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology (IFCN) criteria for interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) identification and estimate the likelihood of a candidate IED being epileptiform. MethodsWe designed an algorithm to identify five fiducial landmarks (onset, peak, trough, slow-wave peak, offset) of a candidate IED, and from these to quantify the six IFCN features of IEDs. Another model was trained with these features to quantify the probability that the waveform is epileptiform and incorporated into a user-friendly interface. ResultsThe model’s performance is excellent (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) = 0.88; calibration error 0.03) but lower than human experts (receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve is below experts’ operating points) or a deep neural-network model (SpikeNet; AUCROC = 0.97; calibration error 0.04). The six features were all significant (p<0.001), but not equally important when determining potential epileptiform nature of candidate IEDs: waveform asymmetry was the most (coefficient 0.64) and duration the least discriminative (coefficient 0.09). ConclusionsOur approach quantifies the six IFCN criteria for IED identification and combines them in an easily interpretable, accessible fashion that accurately captures the likelihood that a candidate waveform is epileptiform. SignificanceThis model may assist clinical electroencephalographers decide whether candidate waveforms are epileptiform and may assist trainees learn to identify IEDs.

Vortex-Pressure Fluctuation Interaction in the Outlet Duct of Centrifugal Pump as Turbines (PATs)

The outlet duct is the only outlet flow component of the pump as turbines (PATs). The flow state within it not only affects its operation stability but also influences the safe operation of downstream process equipment. The undesirable flow phenomenon of the vortex is the main reason for pressure pulsations and vibrations; therefore, it is important to adopt simulation and experimental methods to reveal the vortex-pressure fluctuation interaction characteristics in the outlet duct of PATs. Firstly, the spatial and temporal evolution of the vortex in the outlet duct under different operation conditions were compared based on the Q-vortex identification criterion. Subsequently, the frequency components corresponding to local high amplitude vorticity and pressure pulsations were clarified. Finally, the relationship between vortex evolution and the pressure pulsations in the outlet duct was established. The results showed that the flow rates of the turbine significantly affected the spatial and temporal evolution of the vortex rope in the outlet duct. The front chamber leakage flow and vortex shedding from the blade trailing edge also influenced the vortex distribution characteristics in the outlet duct. The dominant frequency of the pressure pulsation in the outlet duct was 6 fn under different operating conditions, and the amplitude of the pressure pulsation increased with the flow rates. The effect of vortex evolution on the local pressure pulsation characteristics decreased with increasing flow rates. The results can be used to improve and stabilize the operation and further optimization of PATs.

Selection of patients eligible for implantable cardioverter defibrillator: beyond left ventricular ejection fraction.

The selection of patients eligible for implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), in primary prevention, is a critical moment in the management of the patients with cardiomyopathies as it needs a right balance of the patients' arrhythmic risk and the risks related to the implantation, as well as the device costs. Several data indicate that left ventricular ejection fraction alone is not a sufficient criterion for a proper identification of patients who could benefit most from ICD. Numerous findings show that genetic analysis and characterization of myocardial fibrosis with magnetic resonance imaging allow an important improvement of this process.

Spatial spectral characteristics of forward scattered light from wake bubbles

To study the spatial spectrum characteristics of scattered light from a laser illuminated bubble curtain in the wake, the Monte Carlo model based on the single-bubble Mie scattering theory was used. The propagation process of each photon in the wake bubble group underwater was tracked, and the coordinates of the photon position reaching the receiving plane were recorded. The effects of propagation distance, bubble size, and bubble number density on the full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) of spatial spectrum of forward scattered light from wake bubbles were investigated. The results show that with the increase of the transmission distance, the bubble size and bubble number density increase, and the FWHM of the spatial spectrum decreases. This feature of spatial spectrum can be used as one of the criteria for ship wake identification.

First record of Palorus subdepressus (Wollaston, 1864) (Coleoptera: Tenebronidae) from Georgia (Sakartvelo)

The darkling beetle Palorus subdepressus (Wollaston, 1864) is recorded from Georgia for the first time. Detailed information on the recording site, pictures of the voucher specimen, and identification criteria are given, along with a mini-review of the Palorus Mulsant, 1854 species ever recorded in Georgia.

Comparison of Identification Criteria for Mathematical Models in Solving Measurement Problems

Comparison of Identification Criteria for Mathematical Models in Solving Measurement Problems

Landslide Susceptibility Evaluation Based on Potential Disaster Identification and Ensemble Learning.

Catastrophic landslides have much more frequently occurred worldwide due to increasing extreme rainfall events and intensified human engineering activity. Landslide susceptibility evaluation (LSE) is a vital and effective technique for the prevention and control of disastrous landslides. Moreover, about 80% of disastrous landslides had not been discovered ahead and significantly impeded social and economic sustainability development. However, the present studies on LSE mainly focus on the known landslides, neglect the great threat posed by the potential landslides, and thus to some degree constrain the precision and rationality of LSE maps. Moreover, at present, potential landslides are generally identified by the characteristics of surface deformation, terrain, and/or geomorphology. The essential disaster-inducing mechanism is neglected, which has caused relatively low accuracies and relatively high false alarms. Therefore, this work suggests new synthetic criteria of potential landslide identification. The criteria involve surface deformation, disaster-controlling features, and disaster-triggering characteristics and improve the recognition accuracy and lower the false alarm. Furthermore, this work combines the known landslides and discovered potential landslides to improve the precision and rationality of LSE. This work selects Chaya County, a representative region significantly threatened by landslides, as the study area and employs multisource data (geological, topographical, geographical, hydrological, meteorological, seismic, and remote sensing data) to identify potential landslides and realize LSE based on the time-series InSAR technique and XGBoost algorithm. The LSE precision indices of AUC, Accuracy, TPR, F1-score, and Kappa coefficient reach 0.996, 97.98%, 98.77%, 0.98, and 0.96, respectively, and 16 potential landslides are newly discovered. Moreover, the development characteristics of potential landslides and the cause of high landslide susceptibility are illuminated. The proposed synthetic criteria of potential landslide identification and the LSE idea of combining known and potential landslides can be utilized to other disaster-serious regions in the world.

HUMAN TEETH APATITE MICROANALYSIS: DETERMINATION OF INDIVIDUALS' AGE AND SEX FOR FORENSIC APPLICATIONS

Teeth, as well as other hardened body structures, are extremely useful in forensic analysis and identification of human remains. Due to their compositional characteristics, they are preserved over time and are resistant to high temperatures, making them a fundamental in contexts where individuals cannot be identified visually or by other means. Current studies of the crystal structure properties of human dental apatite (hydroxyapatite) have been conducted and highlight its decrease in function of age, but fail in establishing a mathematical relationship between these parameters. This study performed X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and electronic microprobe analyses (EPMA) in 29 teeth aiming at determining an age and sex criteria of identification based on the crystalline reticulum’s parameters results, crystallite size and chemical composition of dental apatite. Through these methods it was possible to recognize that decreasing contents of calcium correlate to the formation of mineral phases that alter the original dental composition, causing a decrease in crystallinity with advancing age, and most importantly, it was possible to verify, as a result of a theoretical model, here proposed, that crystallinities values are not absolute, but a spectrum for a certain age: where permanent non-third molar vary between 20 and 45 µm, with a range of for the same age; deciduous teeth between 50 and 57 µm, with a range of for the same age and third-molar teeth, above 60 µm.

Detection of Contamination Salmonella sp. of Beef in Banyuwangi Traditional Market

Salmonella sp. is one of the bacteria from Food-Borne Disease agents, can contaminate meat and cause salmonellosis. According to National Indonesian Standard 2009, meat is safe for consumption if it has a negative result of salmonella in 25 grams of meat. The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was contamination of Salmonella sp. on beef sold in the traditional market of Banyuwangi District. A total of 18 samples used in this study were taken according to the criteria for isolation and identification. All samples were enriched with the pre-enrichment stage using Lactose Broth media, and the enrichment medium using Tetrathionate Broth. Furthermore, in the isolation stage using Salmonella Shigella Agar (SSA) media. Then proceed with the identification stage using the Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) test, the Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM) test, and the Urease test. The results showed that 5 out of 18 samples tested positive for Salmonella.

TSNAdb v2.0: The Updated Version of Tumor-specific Neoantigen Database

In recent years, neoantigens have been recognized as ideal targets for tumor immunotherapy. With the development of neoantigen-based tumor immunotherapy, comprehensive neoantigen databases are urgently needed to meet the growing demand for clinical studies. We have built the tumor-specific neoantigen database (TSNAdb) previously, which has attracted much attention. In this study, we provide TSNAdb v2.0, an updated version of the TSNAdb. TSNAdb v2.0 offers several new features, including (1) adopting more stringent criteria for neoantigen identification, (2) providing predicted neoantigens derived from three types of somatic mutations, and (3) collecting experimentally validated neoantigens and dividing them according to the experimental level. TSNAdb v2.0 is freely available at https://pgx.zju.edu.cn/tsnadb/.

Efficiency-Focussed Assessment of Internet-Based Interventions: a Study Protocol

The availability of internet-based interventions for the treatment of mental disorder is steadily growing and is also included in the German health care system. However, there is still room for improvement in terms of the information available to users and practitioners, particularly with regard to the effectiveness of internet-based interventions. To identify and evaluate internet-based interventions for the treatment of mental disorder, listed in the DiGA-Verzeichnis. A user-friendly description of positively evaluated interventions will be made available for interested people at psychenet.de. By means of predefined criteria for intervention identification, evaluation and subsequent publication on psychenet.de, a methodological sound and transparent procedure will be established and put into practice. Ethics approval is not required for this study, as research on secondary data was conducted. Relevant professional, stakeholder and patient associations will be informed about the information offered at psychenet.de.

A Systematic Review of Severe Maternal Morbidity in High-Income Countries.

With declining maternal mortality rates in high-income countries (HICs), severe maternal morbidity (SMM) is becoming an important quality measure of maternal care. However, there is no international consensus on the definition and types of SMM. This study aims to critically analyze published literature on SMM in HICs. The objectives are to compare definitions and criteria used to identify SMMand identify the main causes and risk factors contributing to SMM in HICs. PubMed, Cumulative IndextoNursing and Allied Health Literature(CINAHL), and Scopus databases were searched for articles published between 2010 and 2022, results were filtered, and 10 studieswere critically appraised. Six of the articles discussed SMM identification criteria and proposed definition modifications. Longer hospital stays and admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) were suggested as additional criteria. Disease-based criteria were shown to be superior to organ dysfunction criteria. Seven articles detailed common types of SMM as severe hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders, and preeclampsia/eclampsia. Six articles described SMM risk factors, of which advanced maternal age and cesarean delivery were the most common. This literature review identified disease-based criteria and Canadian study criteria as promising measures of SMM. It also identified several causes and risk factors of SMM common between HICs. These findings can help physicians identify women at risk of SMM. The study is however limited to eight HICs and 10 studies. Further research should aim to investigate how these criteria compare with previous sources of criteria and discern the association of weight and race risk factors with SMM.