Crisis Planning Research Articles

How Have Predictors of Engagement in Tourism Crisis Planning and Preparedness Changed in More Than a Decade?

In this study, the research team reexamined the relationship between resource allocation and crisis experience, on both crisis planning and crisis communications, 12 years after the original study completed by Pennington-Gray et al. The goal was to determine how time mediated the relationship between the two independent variables and the outcome variables. The passage of time seemed to have a tangible impact on both dependent variables. With time, there was an evident change in variables, suggesting that organizations learn, adapt, and modify their strategies based on prior experiences and changing circumstances. Prior experiences with crises play a crucial role in crisis planning and crisis communications. Having faced crises in the past furnishes organizations with insights and knowledge that aid in more detailed planning and communication strategies.

Fundamentals of Systematic Management of Business Security

Safety is a complex indicator that includes various areas of the company - management, marketing, personnel management, financial aspects, etc. The more sustainable the business is, the more efficient its business processes are and the less dependent it is on unexpected changes in the market situation. The human factor plays a special role in ensuring business security. As a result, working with staff and preventing malicious attempts on their part is an important part of the company's security system. In the context of a security strategy, depending on the nature of the challenges, an appropriate system of prevention needs to be introduced. It is important to constantly monitor its continuous development. The purpose of the business security system is the correct management of challenges - forecasting, assessment, detection, resolution of crisis situations and planning of preventive measures against possible recurrence. Effective management of the business security system should create conditions for the creation of competitive technologies and goods/services that ensure the successful operation of the facility. Keywords: business, management, security, system, strategy.

How did school administrators manage the crises during the COVID-19 outbreak?

The focus of this research was to investigate how school administrators in Turkey managed the crises caused by the COVID-19 outbreak, which was a deadly threat for humanity worldwide. The research questions guiding this study are: 1) Did schools have a crisis plan? 2) If yes, how was the plan implemented in a crisis situation?; 3) What kind of changes were made in the plans?; 4) What should administrators do in such crisis situations?; and 5) What was done in the COVID-19 outbreak? The research was conducted as a qualitative case study which involved 105 school administrators. Due to the pandemic conditions that hindered direct face-to-face interviews and interactions, data collection was carried out online via a Google drive form with open-ended questions. The findings demonstrated that there were two main headings as the basis for the research problems. The first was the existence of crisis planning by school administrators; the other was the status of implementation of these plans. Finally, how school administrators handled crisis management was pointed out.

Upgrading adaptation: How digital transformation promotes organizational resilience

AbstractResearch SummaryThis study explores how digital transformation can promote organizational resilience when incumbent firms face crises. We examine the intersection of digital transformation and resilience‐seeking processes through two longitudinal case studies of incumbent firms designated as “essential businesses” during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We analyze 72 crisis adaptations the firms implemented during the crisis to understand how previously underutilized digital capabilities upgraded each firm's ability to adapt to mitigate stakeholder risks and engage in resilience‐seeking rather than advantage‐ or opportunity‐seeking. We identify five digital capabilities—virtual access, virtual collaboration, data‐driven decision‐making, algorithmic reprogrammability, and assisted decision‐making—that arose from technologies acquired to enable digital transformation before the crisis. We discuss the concept of resilience opportunities and contribute to the literatures on digital transformation and organizational resilience.Managerial SummaryWhile studying the digital transformation of incumbent firms, we found that digital capabilities helped firms adapt during the COVID‐19 pandemic in ways that crisis management plans did not anticipate. As a result, these adaptations accelerated digital transformation initiatives that years of strategic planning had failed to achieve. We explain why the quantum leap in digital transformation helped these firms not only adapt during crisis, but digital adaptation also enabled them to bounce back more resilient and competitive than before the crisis. We show how the pursuit of organizational resilience can be a vital justification for investments in digital transformation. Strategic leaders play a critical role in not only adopting new technologies, but also in helping firms become more adaptive by combining new and legacy technologies.

Emotions, Perceived Stressors, and Coping Strategies Among Nursing Staff in Saudi Arabia During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in heightened stress for nurses and other healthcare workers, particularly during the initial phase of the crisis. Despite the adoption of various coping strategies, psychological distress persisted, affecting nurses' well-being and jeopardizing the overall resilience of the healthcare system. This study assessed the emotional response, perceived stressors, and coping strategies among nurses' staff who worked during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic. Method A cross-sectional study was carried out among nurses who worked during the initial phase of the COVID-19 crisis (June - August 2020), at a tertiary care center in Western Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire explored five main sections. The first section (15 items) assessed emotions experienced during the initial wave of COVID-19, capturing both positive and negative sentiments, such as "joy"or "fear." The second section (20 items) examined the presence of stressors, like "lack of protective equipment" or "fear of infection." The third section (14 items) evaluated the perceived effectiveness of certain stress-reducing factors, including "peer support" or "training." In the fourth section (13 items), participants rated their usage frequency of various coping strategies, such as "meditation" or "seeking advice." Lastly, the fifth section assessed the hypothetical impact of 10 incentives, like "financial bonuses" or "additional training," in motivating nurses' involvement in future epidemic responses. The questionnaire was completed with demographic and professional data. A convenience sampling method was employed, and 315 nurses participated in the study. Descriptive statistics were carried out using SPSS version 24 for Windows(IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Result The most commonly experienced emotion was a feeling of responsibility and ethical duty, reported by 97.5% of the participants, followed by nervousness and fear (83.8%), anger (73.3%), and stigma (70.2%). On the other hand, 86.7% were expecting a financial compensation. The most common stressors were related to the nurses' own safety, or the safety of their families and colleagues, reported by 92.4-95.2% of the participants. The perceived uncontrollability of COVID-19 was also a significant stressor. The improvement of the health status of infected colleagues (98.1%) or patients (97.5%) were the most common factors associated with the reduction in nurses' stress. Among the coping strategies, five were almost systematically deployed by the nurses (>95%), all consisting of cognitive and behavioral mechanisms to enhance own knowledge and safety and avoid being infected. The most crucial determinants for commitment in future pandemics are the availability of a cure or vaccine (93.3%), family support (91.4%), adequate personal protective equipment from the hospital (90.8%), and exemption from overtime (90.2%). Conclusion The first wave of COVID-19 exerted a tremendous psychological stress on nurses, due to concerns about safety, disease uncertainties, and social isolation. Analyzing these impacts offers insights for enhancing institutional and national crisis strategies, emphasizing staff safety and psychological well-being, especially for first responders like nurses. Policy implications include prioritizing mental health support and preparedness in future crisis plans. Additionally, ensuring continuous training and strategic workload management is crucial for maintaining frontline commitment.

School Leaders’ Crisis Leadership Competencies and their Pandemic Response Strategies

Based on the Meta-Leadership Model of Marcus et al. (2007), as cited by Saltz (2017), this research documented and assessed the crisis leadership competencies and pandemic response strategies of school leaders in the DepEd Division of Northern Samar. Utilizing a sequential exploratory approach, qualitative and quantitative designs were adopted. Thus, in the qualitative component, eight (8) school leaders participated in face-to-face interview sessions, wherein the emerging themes from their responses highlighted the concept that meta-leaders have a higher effect than their real authority because they exert a strong influence on their followers, aiding them in overcoming obstacles and seizing opportunities. They understood the nature and significance of the situation, and in order to keep a diverse group of people on track, they weaved together key themes that highlighted the organization's core purpose and ambitions. In the qualitative aspect, the broader population of 130 respondents answered a questionnaire about school leaders' crisis leadership competencies, which revealed the following results: "Very High" on Team Leadership (AWM =3.25); "High" on Situational Awareness and Integrative Thinking (AWM =3.18); and "High" on Decisiveness and Emotional Effectiveness (AWM =3.24). In addition, respondents completed a questionnaire regarding the extent of the school leader's pandemic response strategies, which revealed the following findings: Promoting Organizational Resilience, "Large Extent" (AWM =3.24); Acting with Integrity, "Very Large Extent" (AWM =3.29); and Exhibiting Learning Orientation, "Large Extent" (AWM =2.96). based on the results, the researcher contends that when establishing a crisis management plan for a successful pandemic response strategy, school leaders must prioritize the following elements: communication, high productivity, technology use, and accessibility. On the basis of these factors, the current researcher proposes the following three focus areas for the crisis management plan: (1) establishing guidelines or policies for remote work for faculty and staff; (2) embracing remote work for department heads, master teachers, and focal persons; and (3) developing inclusive and collaborative virtual meetings. The researcher also suggests that school administrators think about adopting the recommended crisis management plan to make sure that all important aspects of the school system are taken care of.

Discovering and evaluating organizational knowledge from textual data: Application to crisis management

Crisis management effectiveness relies mainly on the quality of the distributed human organization deployed for saving lives, limiting damage and reducing risks. Organizations set up in this context are not always predefined and static; they could evolve and new forms could emerge since actors, such as volunteers or NGO, could join dynamically to collaborate. To improve crisis resolution effectiveness, it is first important to understand, analyze and evaluate such dynamic organizations in order to adjust crisis management plans and ease coordination among actors. Giving a textual experience feedback from past crisis, the objective of this paper is to discover the organizational structure deployed in the considered crisis and then evaluate it according to a set of criteria. For that purpose, we combine in a coherent framework text and association rule mining for pattern discovery and annotation, and multi-agent system models and techniques for formally building and evaluating organizational structures. We present the OSminer algorithm that discovers association rules based on relevant textual patterns and then builds an organizational structure including three main relations between actors: power, control and coordination. A real-life case study, a flood crisis hitting the south west of France, serves as a basis for testing/experimenting our solution. The organizational structure, discovered in this case study, has 24 actors. Its evaluation indicates its efficiency, but shows that it is neither robust nor flexible. Our findings highlight the potential of our approach to discover and evaluate organizational structures from a text recording interactions between stakeholders in a crisis context.

Displaced universities in Ukraine: Challenges and optimal development models

AbstractThe article investigates two cases of displaced universities facing challenges after a new phase of Russia's aggression against Ukraine in February 2022. We analyse prospects for displaced universities. Also, we identify models suitable for developing and reinventing universities, aligning their activities with wartime needs and allowing them to play a transformative role during post‐war recovery. Four modern university models were investigated: (1) a traditional university model where the dominating social missions are (I) teaching and learning, and (II) research; (2) a civic university model where the mission to serve society and community engagement (a third social mission; III) is equally as important as the first and second missions; (3) an open university allowing for open access for diverse groups of learners to personal and professional development. We also analyse a European Universities model (4). The fourth model aims at pooling resources and boosting cooperation between several universities and non‐academic institutions. The purpose of the fourth model is to enhance excellence in education, research and innovation in specific subject areas. It also facilitates internationalisation and community service at the local, national and global levels. The civic university was identified as the optimum model for advancing the development of displaced universities. Similarly, a combination of features from the models analysed can be an appropriate solution to ensure a sustainable development of displaced universities during wartime and post‐war recovery. Based on research findings we formulate policy recommendations on the following topics: a review of the missions and strategies of displaced universities, and the launch of the Programme in Support of Displaced Universities. Also, the recommendation to develop crisis management plans at the national and institutional levels to ensure multilevel readiness for future emergencies is discussed.

Influence of Strategic Management Practices on the Performance of Uganda Police Force

Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the influence of strategic management practices on the performance of Uganda police force.
 Methodology: A descriptive research design was used in which quantitative data collection approach was applied. The population of the study was 96 from which a sample of 63 was selected. The study used both stratified random sampling and purposive sampling to select staff members in their respective strata (top police officers, middle-level officers, and low-level officers). A structured questionnaire in a five likert scale format was used to collect data from the respondents. The collected data was analyzed by both descriptive and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Descriptive analysis involved frequencies and percentages for demographic data of respondents. Inferential statistics in the form of correlation and multiple regression analyses were employed.
 Findings: Strategic management hold distinct positive relationships with performance of Uganda police. As strategic management increase, performance is likely to improve. These findings emphasize investing in strategic management initiatives to enhance overall organisational performance. The Uganda Police Force is regularly interactions with civilians, fostering increased citizen trust through community policing, which in turn enhances its effectiveness in law enforcement. There's high confidence in the police force's effective collaboration with experts, and collaborative projects are generally seen as successful. There are also community support for collaborative initiatives within the force. There is a well-established and highly effective crisis management plan in place, known and understood by the majority of its personnel. Uganda police force has an extensive staff capacity building plan in place, reflecting strong confidence in its commitment to enhancing personnel skills and knowledge.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Theory of the public enforcement of law can be used to anchor future studies on the police administration sector. The study recommends that Uganda police force should address concerns about salary structures and remuneration fairness, as there is a substantial perception gap among personnel. Additionally, the force should maintain its commitment to personnel development through training and capacity building, given its positive impact on performance. Uganda Police Force should prioritize public awareness campaigns.

Crisis Management Board Game

This objective of study was to develop a crisis management board game for business organizations. This research used document analysis methods to study from two important sources: Devlin’s book Crisis Management Planning and Execution; an academic article titled “The Most Useful Crisis Management Examples: The Good, Bad, and Ugly” by Marker. The results demonstrated extracted lessons from five key scenarios, namely case studies of Tylenol, Union Carbide India, Mattel, Samsung, and Pepsi, which were used to formulate simulations and responses to each crisis situation. This board game was developed based on Dodge’s game design and development concepts, which clearly defines the elements in the development of a board game. However, the implementation should be done carefully in terms of the roles and responsibilities of personnel in each business organization. In addition, due to the situations created in this board game, all types of crisis may not be covered by these events. Therefore, further development of a crisis management board game with a variety of situations and scenarios is necessary for knowledge development and understanding of personnel in different types of organizations.

External public debt management during the wartime: Case of Ukraine

Public debt plays a crucial role in the economic development of many countries, the effective management and servicing of the external public debt have become a priority in the financial and economic policy of the state, ensuring the stability of its development. The article aims to develop Ukraine’s external public debt management system during the wartime. As a result of the analysis, the key negative consequences of the impact of external debt growth on Ukraine`s economic security were determined, i.e. economic growth slowdown, increased dependence on creditors, increased costs of the public debt servicing, significant reduction in domestic consumption, etc. The developed external public debt management system in the framework of state economic and financial security includes relevant subsystems, principles, functions, objects and subjects, methods. It was substantiated that the appropriate external public debt management system during wartime in Ukraine requires the following additional subsystems: subsystem of crisis planning and response, subsystem of external debt settlement and subsystem for ensuring international cooperation.

Crisis and acute mental health care for people who have been given a diagnosis of a ‘personality disorder’: a systematic review

BackgroundPeople who have been given a diagnosis of a ‘personality disorder’ need access to good quality mental healthcare when in crisis, but the evidence underpinning crisis services for this group is limited. We synthesised quantitative studies reporting outcomes for people with a ‘personality disorder’ diagnosis using crisis and acute mental health services.MethodsWe searched OVID Medline, PsycInfo, PsycExtra, Web of Science, HMIC, CINAHL Plus, Clinical Trials and Cochrane CENTRAL for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies that reported at least one clinical or social outcome following use of crisis and acute care for people given a ‘personality disorder’ diagnosis. We performed a narrative synthesis of evidence for each model of care found.ResultsWe screened 16,953 records resulting in 35 studies included in the review. Studies were published between 1987–2022 and conducted in 13 countries. Six studies were RCTs, the remainder were non randomised controlled studies or cohort studies reporting change over time. Studies were found reporting outcomes for crisis teams, acute hospital admission, acute day units, brief admission, crisis-focused psychotherapies in a number of settings, Mother and Baby units, an early intervention service and joint crisis planning. The evidence for all models of care except brief admission and outpatient-based psychotherapies was assessed as low or very low certainty.ConclusionThe literature found was sparse and of low quality. There were no high-quality studies that investigated outcomes following use of crisis team or hospital admission for this group. Studies investigating crisis-focused psychological interventions showed potentially promising results.

EVALUATION OF QUARANTINE PROGRAM: LESSON FROM HOTELS IN INDONESIA

International travelers had to quarantine upon arrival at a designated hotel in Indonesia during the pandemic to prevent the spread of the coronavirus. This study aims to investigate the hotel quarantine program in Indonesia from management perspectives in crisis circumstances. A qualitative methodology was applied with data triangulation collected from 11 top-level managers, operations, and management from official quarantine hotels in the second quarter of 2022. In-depth interviews were conducted to explore the antecedents behind hotel management and evaluate the repatriation quarantine program through the crisis management lens framework. The findings enhance the concept of crisis management framework in a particular program employed during a pandemic. Three related phases emerged from data analysis in crisis prevention and planning, strategic implementation, and evaluation were discussed. This study reveals the suggestions for hotel managers and the government for a future sustainable strategy. This study is the first paper to address the hotel quarantine program evaluation in Indonesia. This study contributes to enriching the hotel industry's crisis management framework. Pertinent recommendations for hotel management and government are provided to cope with this crisis.

Work from Home Suitability and Credit Risk Assessment

Employing firm-level work from home (WFH) suitability derived from the U.S. universe job postings, we investigate whether rating agencies and debt holders incorporate WFH suitability in their risk assessments. We document that firms with higher WFH suitability have higher credit ratings and lower costs of debt. Our results are robust to different fixed effect estimations, sampling methods, and controls. We identify two ways that WFH suitability translates into higher credit ratings: high WFH suitability is associated with lower future cash flow volatility and lower default risk. Overall, our study suggests that WFH suitability is an important determinant of credit risk assessments and that firms should see flexible work arrangements as an effective strategy in their crisis management planning.

21 Cross-sectoral Care for Transitional Aged Youth (TAY) with Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disabilities (ASD/IDD)

Abstract Background The Transition Clinic for Youth and Young Adults (TAY clinic) with ASD/IDD is a unique partnership between the Developmental Sector and Health care sector. Surrey Place Centre, St. Michaels Family Health Teams and Developmental Paediatrics work with families of adolescents and young adults ages 14-22 to help transition from paediatrics-based healthcare and developmental services to adult sectors using a structured approach to transition. This clinic was a pilot project over the past 5 years, and we are using a mix-methods study to evaluate the implementation of the clinic and its impact on the lives of TAY with IDD and their caregivers. Objectives To describe patient and caregiver characteristics, usage of clinic, transition goals stated and achieved, and level of support needed. Design/Methods Quantitative data was collected using standardized forms including demographics, transition planning goals, and dates of applications to critical services like Developmental Service Ontario and Ontario Disability Support Program. The frequency, intensity and duration of transition planning support provided in the clinic was documented, as well as involvement of crisis services, child protection services, networks of specialized care, and hospital admissions. Results To date, 94 families have been supported through this clinic, with notable differences in the intensity and type of services required. Families were evenly distributed across three levels of transitional support need: (1) required consultation only; (2) required short-term intervention and follow up from the team with future crisis planning; and (3) families with extreme complexity, disconnected from the developmental sector and requiring intensive support and, at times, crisis care. In this 3rd group, 30% were regular emergency and crisis service users because of significant risk of harm or death to client or caregiver associated with physical or mental health concerns, and 15% were at risk of homelessness. Barriers to social determinants of health (e.g., housing, food security, social support) and inequities (based on race, immigration status, employment, English language proficiency) were present in all cases. Across all 3 groups, trajectories within the current systems of care were often apparent years before their transition. Conclusion Cross-sector models of care are feasible for TAY with IDD. This model of care identified different levels of need for TAY with IDD. Barriers to transition support are rooted in inequities and are often present years prior to transition. Paediatricians can help with earlier identification of families who require and deserve more comprehensive support.

The Views of Practitioners on Care Act Easements during the Covid-19 Pandemic

The easements of the Care Act 2014, permitted by the Coronavirus Act 2020, were in place in very few English local authorities and then only for a short time, but they still rippled across the wider social care workforce. This paper reports findings from interviews with social workers in ten non-easement authorities and with other professionals in easement and non-easement authorities to explore their understandings of easements and their reflections on their use and impact on practice. The interview data are set in the context of a wider study that explored decision-making about the adoption of easements in local authorities. Frontline practitioners (N = 30) confirmed confusion about easements and suspicion that they were a retrograde step in people’s entitlements to care and support. These views were also set in a context of lack of pandemic preparedness in social care and reflections that the care system was already fragile after a sustained period of reductions to local authority budgets and rising need. Both a robust care infrastructure was needed, as well as better crisis or disaster preparedness and planning.

The role of phreatomagmatism in the formation of complex monogenetic volcanic systems in a low-lying coastal plain

Monogenetic volcanoes are characterised worldwide by a single eruptive phase that is short-lived, with small eruptive volumes that produce a wide range and complexity of landforms. Investigating the evolution in eruptive styles through the active history of a volcano is key to understanding the role of phreatomagmatism in the formation of these complex monogenetic systems. The classification of the complexity of a monogenetic volcanic centre is of great significance to understanding both past volcanoes and the hazards of future volcanoes. Complexity can be defined by the number of volcanic structures created, the presence of multiple types of eruptions, and the number of conduits involved. In this paper we reconstruct the volcanic history of the Waitomokia Volcanic Complex, located in the southern lowlands of the active monogenetic Auckland Volcanic Field (AVF), New Zealand. Activity began with deposition of an initial tuff ring, followed by vent migration and establishment of a maar with a surrounding tuff ring. Four smaller tuff rings developed on the north and northeastern rim of the maar. This was followed by the noteworthy deposition of complex intercalated transitional deposits from at least two tuff rings and magmatic deposits from a scoria cone. Three scoria cones were then built within the maar, followed by minor effusion of short lava flows. Waitomokia highlights the prospect of having a complex system with ten or more landforms being created in different areas active at the same time, with associated eruptive styles and mechanisms. The possibility of a complex eruption, where several styles may occur simultaneously from distinct vents, should be considered in hazard assessment and crisis management plans.

Hospital Disaster Preparedness: A Comprehensive Evaluation Using the Hospital Safety Index

Mass-casualty incidents and disaster scenarios pose significant challenges for medical facilities, necessitating robust preparedness measures. This study aimed to evaluate the preparedness of a specific medical facility in Poland, using the hospital safety index (HSI). A comprehensive analysis of structural, functional, and organizational factors was conducted, assessing facility infrastructure, technical facilities, safety standards, work organization, cooperation with external facilities, human resource management, crisis planning, and communication strategies. The facility exhibited strengths in infrastructural requirements and inter-facility cooperation. Areas of improvement included adherence to safety procedures, crisis communication, and the frequency of evacuation drills. Furthermore, recommendations were provided for enhancing nurse reserves, adopting lean management, promoting a safety culture, and refining business continuity plans. The findings should be interpreted with caution, due to the single-facility focus, potential HSI protocol subjectivity, and the possible Hawthorne effect. This study underscores the importance of continuous research and improvement in crisis management strategies and disaster-victim care, emphasizing the pivotal role of the HSI as an evaluative tool.

THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT INDEX IN THE NEW GEO-POLITICAL CONTEXT

The opportunity of this research topic lies in the current extremely challenging geopolitical context that has led to the outbreak of multiple crises: energy, economic, social, financial, food, etc. The European Union has thus positioned itself in the face of these phenomena by creating several instruments to manage crises and increase resilience: civil protection mechanism, integrated mechanism for political response to crises, cross-border cooperation and solidarity mechanisms, food security crisis plans, resilience measures against physical and digital risks.The paper aims to analyse the necessity of changing the regional approach across the EU under the impact of the pandemic. Specific regional socio-economic indicators for EU NUTS2 regions are analysed during 2010–2021. The main objective of this research is to quantify the regional socioeconomic and to realise comparative analysis related to three moments in time: the latest EU enlargement, the economic crisis and the pandemic. The novelty of the study was the building of a new dynamic multi-criteria model assessing the strategic perspective, which was built to offer pertinent solutions for the regional decision makers in order to ensure cohesion and sustainable development on short and medium term.

Measures and Recommendations for Ensuring Adequate Inpatient Care Capacities for Pandemic Management within a Region: Results of a Hybrid Delphi Method

Since the beginning of the pandemic in spring 2020, inpatient healthcare has been under enormous burden, which is reflected especially in overworked staff, imprecise bed planning and/or data transfer. According to the recommendation of the Science Council, university clinics should play a controlling role in regional healthcare and act in conjunction with surrounding hospitals and practices. In September 2021, 31 representatives from 18 university hospitals were invited to a hybrid Delphi study with a total of 4 survey rounds to discuss criteria for effective inpatient care in a pandemic situation, which were extracted from previous expert interviews. Criteria that were classified as very important/relevant by≥75% of the participants in the first round of the survey (consensus definition) were then further summarized in 4 different small groups. In a third Delphi round, all participants came together again to discuss the results of the small group discussions. Subsequently, these were prioritized as Optional ("can"), Desirable ("should") or Necessary ("must") recommendations. Of the invited clinical experts, 21 (67.7%) participated in at least one Delphi round. In an online survey (1st Delphi round), 233 criteria were agreed upon and reduced to 84 criteria for future pandemic management in four thematic small group discussions (2nd Delphi round) and divided into the small groups as follows: "Crisis Management and Crisis Plans" (n=20), "Human Resources Management and Internal Communication" (n=16), "Regional Integration and External Communication" (n=24) and "Capacity Management and Case & Care" (n=24). In the following group discussion (3rd Delphi round), the criteria were further modified and agreed upon by the experts, so that in the end result, there were 23 essential requirements and recommendations for effective inpatient care in a pandemic situation. The results draw attention to key demands of clinical representatives, for example, comprehensive digitization, standardization of processes and better (supra) regional networking in order to be able to guarantee needs-based care even under pandemic conditions. The present consensus recommendations can serve as guidelines for future pandemic management in the inpatient care sector.