Crisis Of Paradigm Research Articles

Making of the Ukrainian Scientometrics: History Journal Ranking

History as an Academic Subject is in crisis of a traditional paradigm, information technologies have transformed the world into the phenomenon of information society. The article is devoted to the problem of creating a specialized database of Ukrainian scientific journals (History studies). Author moderately criticizes the traditional methods of scientometrics. Generally, journal impact factor (Clarivate Analytics) and CiteScore (Elsevier). The specifics of inapplicability are based on main problem which flows to the fact that citation on the history of Ukraine (and number of local history problems) will be deliberately so low since it is less interesting for the scientific community of other countries. Since the creation of any Bibliometrics is based on the collection and addition of materials to the database, the main attention is focused on the definition of Content management systems for their further integration into History journal ranking frame. Our purpose is to define of CMS types and further writing of the corresponding software significantly optimizes the work of operators. For determination of CMS we analyze the HTML code of the web-pages. It is paid attention to consider the place of historical disciplines in the system of Ukrainian science according to Register of scientific journals of Ukraine.

THE RESULTS OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING OF FUTURE ECONOMISTS IN THE SYSTEM OF CONTINUOUS EDUCATION

The relevance of the research is connected with the necessity of diagnosing the state of professional training of future economists at the present stage.The purpose of the article is to analyze the state of professional training of future economists in the system of vocational education. The achievement of the research goal made it possible to use general theoretical methods: analysis, synthesis, specification, generalization and empirical methods: surveys and questionnaires.It is stated that the possibility of individualization of educational trajectories of higher education graduates in the laws and regulations now begins to be implemented gradually in institutions of higher education, but the practical realization of this process has significant differences in different institutions of higher education and is far from reaching the model level. It is established that the choice of educational disciplines of choice is carried out formally and does not allow higher education applicants to fully realize their personal potential and internal academic mobility. The necessity of approximation to asynchronous training and introduction of tutors aimed at helping applicants of higher education to form individual educational trajectories, develop professional competencies and others are emphasized. It is established that the crisis of the knowledge paradigm, the implementation of the competent approach, determined the reorientation of the teaching staff of higher education institutions to search and approbate new approaches to traditional and innovative educational technologies and methods. It is stated that scientific, pedagogical and pedagogical workers of institutions of higher education are more conservative, cautious and balanced regarding the ratio of traditional and new forms and methods of work; continue to appreciate the effectiveness of traditional forms of educational work in the training of future economists: lectures, seminars and practical classes, laboratory works, etc. The questionnaire of students makes possible to ascertain the urgent need and the need to update the tried and tested forms of organization of the educational process traditionally used. The results of the questionnaire allowed to state that teachers and students as participants in the educational process are well-informed about the range of innovative forms and active methods of training future economists. Most respondents see the use of these forms and methods as positive changes in the organization of the educational process. However, lecturers judge and critically evaluate their level of knowledge of new methods of teaching, consider it necessary to increase their professional qualifications.

US-Europe relations: the crisis of the transatlantism paradigm

US-Europe relations: the crisis of the transatlantism paradigm

The triple paradigm crisis: economy, environment, and security

Working towards a more stable and peaceful world is limited by problems within key three areas of human concern, the need for an equitable economic system, the urgent need to respond to climate breakdown and an approach to international security that avoids the common military approach of responding to challenges with early use of force. Instead, the current dominant neoliberal economic model has proved incapable of increasing equity and emancipation and is, instead, encouraging socio-economic marginalisation. It also militates against responding effectively to climate breakdown which requires high levels of economic planning and intergovernmental cooperation and it provides a business environment that favours military industrial complexes that thrive on conflict. Responding to these issues requires the vigorous pursuit of alternative paradigms and the impending issue of climate breakdown, in particular, means that such pursuit must be rapid in its effect.

Early 21st-century metatheories: A vector for modernisation of sociology

The paper traces the interdisciplinary sources of sociological metatheorizing that in sociology (as in other social sciences) was a reaction to a kind of crisis of grounds, namely the hypothetical incompatibility of known models of explanation and research programs, attempts of philosophical interpretation of T. Kun’s views on the development of social sciences and dynamics of social knowledge, as well as doubts as to the possibility of supplementing knowledge through theories and laws similar to laws of natural sciences. Authors explore some factors contributing to the growth of interest in this realm during the post-Soviet era and provide a detailed overview of metatheoretical strategies established in contemporary sociology and describe the main types of metatheorizing. Furthermore, they examine opportunities offered by metatheorizing for the analysis of non-formalized data in a specific subject area or field of research. Particular attention is given to trends that characterize a shift from discourse on paradigm crisis to metatheorizing, which has been observed within the sociological community. According to the authors, to understand and study the trends of the globalized humanity and its civilizations and countries (in particular the post-Soviet ones), we need the bases of the typology of communities - not separate spheres, but the community as a whole. The authors highlight three strategies of metatheorizing in modern sociology. Integrative metatheorizing reveals general theoretical logic, to standardize the language of description and / or to develop the integrated theory. Evolutionary metatheorizing searches for trends and perspectives of sociology in a changing social world. Prospective metatheorizing is aimed at defining internally ordered, independent and relatively hermetic configurations - paradigms, research programs, models of explanation, etc. These meta-theorizing strategies help to address the problem of disciplinary fragmentation.

A Declaração Internacional dos Direitos Humanos e a generalização dos valores: memória e escândalo na genealogia dos direitos subjetivos

O presente trabalho buscara analisar como o conceito de generalizacao de valores, trazido por Hans Joas, pode jogar luzes sobre a fundamentacao dos direitos humanos. Apos o Tribunal de Nuremberg, o ceticismo moral desenvolve uma critica interna ao positivismo juridico por motivo deste ultimo ter possibilitado a legitimacao legal do Holocausto. Em razao de uma crise paradigmatica a respeito da concretizacao de valores universais no Estado Nacao, a observância de garantias juridicas afirmativas da pessoa adquire supremacia na jurisdicao internacional. O objetivo deste trabalho e esclarecer como a afirmacao dos direitos humanos relaciona-se com a historia da ideia de pessoa humana. Para o cumprimento desta tarefa, usa-se o metodo genealogico, proposto por Joas, para investigar como a ideia de pessoa contribuiu com a construcao de uma linguagem normativa de pretensoes universalizantes nos direitos humanos. Segundo Joas, a ideia de pessoa tem um carater normativo, no Ocidente, em razao das suas fundacoes cristas e de como essas fundacoes foram usadas pelos federalistas norte-americanos para combater penas atentatorias da integridade pessoal, punicoes essas afastadas por meio da nocao de escândalo. Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos, memoria, escândalo, genealogia, direito subjetivo.

THE PARADIGMATIC CRISIS AND THE “MAINSTREAM” POTENTIAL OF THE INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS

The article analyzes the manifestations and causes of the paradigmatic crisis of the modern economic “mainstream”: the “monopolization” of economic theory and economic education by the neoclassical direction; Fragmentary nature of scientific research; The “fascination” of scientists with the problem of economic growth and ignoring other factors of social development. The emphasis is on the lack of interdisciplinary research, the “mathematization” of economic knowledge. It is noted that the role of mathematics in economic models is only instrumental, mathematically complex economic models make the world more incomprehensible than simplify, the connection with real life is lost. Unlike the «mainstream», technology and individual taste in the institutional economy are endogenous variables. Institutionalists focus on the boundaries in which the actual future can be predicted, in contrast to the prediction in the «model context»; Institutionalists approach the economy as an organic and evolving «whole», and not as a static mechanism; Other advantages of the institutional economy are: the use of methodological collectivism instead of methodological individualism; Study of the processes of adaptation and disequilibrium, a criticism of the «neoclassical search» for optimal and equilibrium solutions; Instead of technology, focus on ownership and transaction costs; Recognition of ideology as the determining factor in economic history, which contradicts the neoclassical vision of the world; The refutation of the Pareto optimality principle; Emphasis on economic and political power. The methodological orientation of the institutional economy and the possibility of practical application determine its potential for becoming a “new mainstream”.

Paradigmal Foundations for Overcoming the Crisis of Economic Theory

The article examines the state of modern economic theory, characterized as experiencing a paradigm crisis, and describes a variety of scientific views aimed at understanding the causes of the crisis. Besides, it gives an analysis of economic paradigms that helped to get out of crises at different historical periods, as well as possible ways and prospects for overcoming the crises, which are proposed by scholars of different schools of economic thought. Attention is paid to the description of different stages of modern science - classical, neoclassical and post-non-classical – and to the evidence that proves the close correlation between the periods of economic theory development and stages of general scientific studies. The need for formation of a new economic paradigm is reasoned, the one that will have the status of meta-theory for all economic knowledge and will be based on new philosophical and methodological foundations: ontological, epistemological and axiological ones. The emphasis is on the need for an interdisciplinary approach which will help to overcome the paradigm crisis, an approach that includes methods of various sciences, but does not allow the economy to be reduced to any of these sciences. The conclusion is made about the need to apply the methodology of social philosophy to make it possible to view the science of economics through the prism of the universal, and the possibility of using an activity-based social-philosophical method as an explanatory principle.

Kryzys nowoczesnego konstytucjonalizmu. Między liberalną sędziokracją a postliberalnym populizmem

The author assumes that modern, Western constitutionalism, with its emphasis on individual rights, is not the only form of constitutionalism, understood as ideas of restrictions imposed on government activities, practiced throughout history. In the author’s opinion, the current crisis of the dominant paradigm of constitutionalism is caused by the contradictions of liberal democracy. In this aspect, the author’s analysis is based on the concepts of Antonio Gramsci, Chantal Mouffe, Ernesto Laclau and Claude Lefort. In the author’s opinion, the described crisis may lead to permanent transformations and the emergence of new forms and paradigms of constitutionalism.

Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy: A Paradigm Shift in Psychiatric Research and Development.

Mental disorders are rising while development of novel psychiatric medications is declining. This stall in innovation has also been linked with intense debates on the current diagnostics and explanations for mental disorders, together constituting a paradigmatic crisis. A radical innovation is psychedelic-assisted psychotherapy (PAP): professionally supervised use of ketamine, MDMA, psilocybin, LSD and ibogaine as part of elaborated psychotherapy programs. Clinical results so far have shown safety and efficacy, even for “treatment resistant” conditions, and thus deserve increasing attention from medical, psychological and psychiatric professionals. But more than novel treatments, the PAP model also has important consequences for the diagnostics and explanation axis of the psychiatric crisis, challenging the discrete nosological entities and advancing novel explanations for mental disorders and their treatment, in a model considerate of social and cultural factors, including adversities, trauma, and the therapeutic potential of some non-ordinary states of consciousness.

Dynamic Similarity: Outsider Art and Avant-garde

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A EPISTEMOLOGIA DO DIÁLOGO SOCIAL NA COBERTURA SOBRE ABORTO NO PROGRAMA PROFISSÃO REPÓRTER: teoria e prática

Este artigo se trata de um relato de reportagem sobre aborto legal no programa Profissão Repórter, da TV Globo, e da aplicação de uma epistemologia que vê o jornalista como mediador social, conforme defende Cremilda Medina. O objetivo deste artigo é indicar uma possível saída para a crise de paradigmas que vive o jornalismo na atualidade. Tanto a prática quanto a teoria mostram que é necessário superar a suposta “objetividade” do jornalismo em prol da entrevista-diálogo, da reportagem em busca da complexidade e da narrativa de protagonismo. No caso concreto aqui desenvolvido, essas ferramentas foram utilizadas numa cobertura que mostra como o aborto legal ainda é um desafio para mulheres no Brasil.

Appropriation, remediation, bricolage: some remarks on the crisis of identity paradigm

There is a responsibility of the enunciative voice beyond its moves towards objectification, desolidarization, bricolage or even taking as it is the “breathed” semiosphere. At the same time, endorsing the position that a media is always a mediation of mediations does not allow us to avoid the task of understanding the paradoxical appropriation of a media from another one. The appropriation process shows that there are still risks to be taken in the intermedial relationship, which puts it in conflict with the flat usage which only relates to coded roles or enslaved to instrumental reason. This paper proposes some theoretical proposals in a synthetic presentation founded on the notion of re-mediation and aims to reopen the thinking around the notion of bricolage at the intersection of institutionalization of meaning and creativity of speech acts.

Podmiotowość państwa we współczesnym świecie. Globalizacja a sterowność

Paper examines place and role of states in the modern world. Firstly the concept of globalization will be shortly analyzed. It is a notion that, especially in the social sciences, has a lot of meanings, because it has many aspects and levels. Author will try to localize the main issues that makes globalization a complex notion. Secondly, problem of paradigm crisis in political science will be presented. Classic meanings of politics and power has been outdated, because of new phenomenons that are consequences of globalization. That means that we should try to look for notions and methods that will help us to understand surrounding world and socio-political sphere, especially when it comes to state, power, politics and international relations. Then the concept of “the art of rule” invented by Jadwiga Staniszkis will be presented. Author will emphasize that this theoretical concept will be helpful in analyzing subjectivity of states in the age of globalization. Then author, basing on this concept, will try to examine the subjectivity of state in modern world. An attempt will be also made to show what is network power and its consequences, point out the subjects that will replace state that is losing its position and think about the future of the states.

Entre a simplificação e a complexidade, a heterogeneidade: Teoria Ator-Rede e uma nova epistemologia para os estudos organizacionais

Resumo Este artigo discute e reflete sobre a relevância de considerar a mediação foco de análise da heterogeneidade na Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) nos estudos organizacionais, confrontando-a com duas perspectivas paradigmáticas muito discutidas atualmente - simplificação e complexidade. Para tanto, inicialmente, trata da crise do paradigma moderno, mostra a transição desse paradigma para o paradigma da complexidade e situa os estudos organizacionais nesse novo paradigma. Em seguida, mostra sinteticamente a trajetória histórica da heterogeneidade e então evidencia como ela é conceituada na TAR como possibilidade epistemológica para os estudos organizacionais. Por fim, destaca algumas considerações sobre a mediação como foco de análise da heterogeneidade na TAR. O argumento defendido é que, a partir da análise heterogênea dos fatores sociais, tecnológicos e naturais, inter-relacionados no que a TAR denomina atores-redes, é possível superar, nos estudos organizacionais, a circularidade em que os paradigmas modernos da simplificação e da complexidade estão inseridos. Isso porque a heterogeneidade, da forma como pressuposta no contexto da simplificação ou complexidade, trata-se, sobretudo, de concepções estáticas da realidade e, para a TAR, a heterogeneidade é sobretudo relacional, trata-se de fluxos dos coletivos e das maneiras como eles se comportam, estejam eles se apresentando simples, complexos, ordenados ou fluidos. A partir dessas reflexões, este artigo sugere que se basear, epistemologicamente, nos pressupostos da heterogeneidade da TAR constitui uma lente de análise relevante para compreensão dos fenômenos organizacionais.

Linear scale bounds on dark matter-dark radiation interactions and connection with the small scale crisis of cold dark matter

One of the open questions in modern cosmology is the small scale crisis of the cold dark matter paradigm. Increasing attention has recently been devoted to self-interacting dark matter models as a possible answer. However, solving the so-called "missing satellites" problem requires in addition the presence of an extra relativistic particle (dubbed dark radiation) scattering with dark matter in the early universe. Here we investigate the impact of different theoretical models devising dark matter dark radiation interactions on large scale cosmological observables. We use cosmic microwave background data to put constraints on the dark radiation component and its coupling to dark matter. We find that the values of the coupling allowed by the data imply a cut-off scale of the halo mass function consistent with the one required to match the observations of satellites in the Milky Way.

The Paradigmatic Crises in China’s Minzu Studies: Reflections from the Perspective of Human Development

The field of minzu 民族 studies is currently in a state of disarray. This article proposes to discuss three paradigmatic crises—the one-dimensional interpretation, problematization, and de-ethnicization of the term minzu—from the perspective of human development. Although the meaning of minzu is, as this article argues, ambiguous, it has mostly been reduced to its political and ideological meaning. To solely rely on this one-dimensional interpretation in an academic discussion has led to a paradigmatic crisis in minzu studies. From the perspective of human development, minzu is the carrier and basic cultural unit of a pluralistic global culture. Although the concept of minzu is not inherently problematic, the word is being problematized by subsuming a number of extraneous issues. Problematization thus constitutes another paradigmatic crisis in current minzu studies. Opposing the current trend of de-ethnicizing the minzu question, this article proposes to de-problematize the concept of minzu instead, thereby preventing it from being used as a political tool. This article intends to shed light on the current state of crisis in China’s minzu studies, discuss a suitable research methodology, and provide an academic basis for ethnic research and policy implementation.

Elaboration on Public Administration Crises: An Endeavor in Seeking Scientifc Identity

This paper aims to elaborate the crises occurring in the science of public administration based on signifcant conceptions of scholars. Public administration’s initial emergence as a novel scientifc discipline sparked a theoretical-conceptual debate specifcally in the domain of epistemology. For the sake of systematical order, this paper is divided into three phases of crisis based on the dynamics of the theoretical-conceptual development of public administration, namely: (1) identity crisis; (2) paradigm crisis; and (3) intellectual crisis. The illustration of each crisis phase is aimed at conveying conception points of scientists which facilitates in reading the narrative of shifts and theoretical-conceptual contents including their inherent values. For this reason, a search or walkthrough of relevant literature is necessary to observe the development of thoughts in public administration.The study result shows that the differing ideas and argumentations which had occurred throughout every discussion on public administration have had implications on the heterogeneity of the public administration feld. The various shifts of locus-focus and paradigm in public administration is seen as a systematic atempt in fnding its true self as a scientifc discipline. The efforts of public administration in separating itself from the shadows of political science was also observed, although being capable of truly separating itself is considered as extremely difcult, bearing in mind that the focus and locus of public administration is very much affected by constantly developing social political influences. In addition to that, various shifts of locus and focus seems to have empirical implications particularly in the scientifc scope of public administration.

De la energía-saber a la inteligencia social. Nuevos desafíos nuestramericanos en la producción, circulación y consumo de la información y el conocimiento

El presente artículo pone en discusión los fundamentos políticos y culturales de la construcción de la comunicación, la información y la propaganda, contextualizándolos en una crisis paradigmática en nuestro espacio-tiempo. Discute sobre la coexistencia de dos cosmovisiones en nuestra realidad, una hegemónica y otra subalterna que conviven en tensión dialéctica sin paridad de condiciones. Pone al centro del debate la necesidad de construir nuevo conocimiento a partir de nuestras circunstancias geopolíticas, geoeconómicas y geoculturales, para los nuevos tiempos.Revista Humanismo y Cambio Social. Número 6. Año 3. Julio - Diciembre 2015: 61-68

Between Charcot and Bernheim: The debate on hypnotism in fin-de-siècle Italy.

In the late 1870s, a small group of Italian psychiatrists became interested in hypnotism in the wake of the studies conducted by the French neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot. Eager to engage in hypnotic research, these physicians referred to the scientific authority of French and German scientists in order to overcome the scepticism of the Italian medical community and establish hypnotism as a research subject based on Charcot's neuropathological model. In the following years, French studies on hypnotism continued to exert a strong influence in Italy. In the mid 1880s, studies on hypnotic suggestion by the Salpêtrière and Nancy Schools of hypnotism gave further impetus to research and therapeutic experimentation and inspired the emergence of an interpretative framework that combined theories by both hypnotic schools. By the end of the decade, however, uncertainties had arisen around both hypnotic theory and the therapeutic use of hypnotism. These uncertainties, which were linked to the crisis of the neuropathological paradigm that had to a large extent framed the understanding of hypnotism in Italy and the theoretical disagreements among the psychiatrists engaged in hypnotic research, ultimately led to a decline in interest in hypnotism in Italy.