Crisis Of Modernity Research Articles

River Planet: Rivers from Deep Time to the Modern Crisis

River Planet: Rivers from Deep Time to the Modern Crisis

The role of science in overcoming modern global crises

The article analyzes the views of researchers on the problem of global crises and the role of science in solving them. The system «world–man» has been studied. The publication touches upon the topic of the anthropogenic beginning of global crises. Particular attention is paid to environmental global crises. In conclusion, the significance of science in the system of overcoming global crises is revealed.

МІСТА ПРАВ ЛЮДИНИ ЯК НОВЕ ЯВИЩЕ СУЧАСНОГО МУНІЦИПАЛЬНОГО РОЗВ

This article is devoted to the one of the significant phenomena of recent decades in the area of municipal government has been the emergence on a global scale of cities that have declared themselves human rights defenders or of human rights cities. Scientific understanding and analysis of the process of emergence of human rights cities began in parallel with the emergence of this paradox of urban development in foreign countries. One of the first European cities where human rights became part of municipal politics was Barcelona. It was here that the position of Commissioner for Civil Rights was founded, which later became the Barcelona Department of Civil Rights. The initiative was carried out in order to overcome the effects of «new» waves of migration and the growing racial, ethnic and religious diversity in the city. New perspectives on human rights cities were defined at the latest World Urban Human Rights Forum (WHRCF), an annual event in Gwangju, the Republic of Korea. This year the Forum was held from 7 to 10 October with the theme: «Human rights in times of challenge: a new social contract». In total, 3012 participants from 76 countries and 322 cities from all over the world took part in the event. The Final Declaration of the 11th Forum of WHRCF expresses deep concern about the diverse threats to human rights and democracy due to violence, discrimination, inequality, sustainable development, climate change and environmental disasters and identifies five areas for further work. The article examines the use in the practice of municipal administration of foreign countries for the protection of human rights, defined in international human rights documents at the global and regional levels. The reasons and factors for the involvement of cities in human rights activities are analyzed, specific examples of the work of local governments to ensure both the entire spectrum of internationally recognized human rights and certain areas of combating racism, discrimination, xenophobia and exclusion are given. The examples given in this article testify to the presence of a steady trend of involving modern cities in human rights activities. This world experience needs to be carefully studied and implemented in the practice of municipal government in Ukraine. Modern crisis phenomena, such as the coronavirus pandemic or the migrant crisis in Europe, make this task even more relevant. It is concluded that this world experience requires careful study and implementation in the practice of municipal government in Ukraine. Modern crisis phenomena, such as the coronavirus pandemic or the migrant crisis in Europe, make this task even more relevant.

Portrayal of Instability and Vulnerability of Modern Life in the Selected Poems of Robert Frost and Mathew Arnold: A Comparative Study

This paper attempts a comparative study in the presentation of vulnerability and instability evident in people's life due to modernity by Mathew Arnold, a Victorian poet, and Robert Frost, a Modern American poet. Investigating various features with crises existing in modern life is a major aim of this paper. Moreover, the comparative analysis seeks to identify the major similarities and differences in the portrayal of human nature based on modern features in the poetry of these two poets. Since this research is theoretical in nature, it depends primarily on reviewing already published works on the relevant topics. The presence of modern elements is very obvious in the writings of both the poets though they belong to two different periods. Their poetry reflects modern crisis and vulnerability like alienation, pessimism, doubtfulness, isolation, self -centeredness, and so on. Nature is also treated in a different way as well as the reality of modern life represented in a different light by the poets. Finally, this research focuses on bringing out the features of instability and vulnerability of modern life that are still mirrored in contemporary society.

Book Review: River planet: Rivers from deep time to the modern crisis

Book Review: River planet: Rivers from deep time to the modern crisis

„Ein Unbekanntes ist nur der Geschmack“. Zu Levin Ludwig Schückings literatursoziologischem Ansatz

Abstract The article reconstructs Levin Ludwig Schücking’s History of Taste as a method of writing literary history. Moreover, it lays out, for the first time, the cultural and literary-political dimensions of his approach by considering the context of the history of literary studies comprehensively. The article demonstrates how Schücking refers to sociology in a twofold manner: as a way of scholarly thinking that is related to certain methodological techniques, and as a way to overcome the “crisis of modernity” manifested in the rift between authors and readers in literary life.

An Avant-Garde Theological Generation: The Nouvelle Theologie and the French Crisis of Modernity by Jon Kirwan, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2018, pp. viii + 311, £70.00, hbk

New BlackfriarsVolume 102, Issue 1102 p. 1029-1031 Review AN AVANT-GARDE THEOLOGICAL GENERATION: THE NOUVELLE THEOLOGIE AND THE FRENCH CRISIS OF MODERNITY by Kirwan, Jon, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2018, pp. viii + 311, £70.00, hbk AIDAN NICHOLS OP, AIDAN NICHOLS OP orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-8681 St Michael's Theological College, Kingston, JamaicaSearch for more papers by this author AIDAN NICHOLS OP, AIDAN NICHOLS OP orcid.org/0000-0002-3463-8681 St Michael's Theological College, Kingston, JamaicaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 27 November 2021 https://doi.org/10.1111/nbfr.12703Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Volume102, Issue1102November 2021Pages 1029-1031 RelatedInformation

United Kingdom Anti-crisis Alternative.

The article deals with the factors that ensure the sustainability of the reproduction of the British socio-economic model in the long term. Some features of the conceptual role of the UK in the formation of the global world order were studied. The impact of the COVID-19 on the economy of the United Kingdom was shown and the reasons for the deepest decline in production in the history of the country were summarized. The factors of chronic decline in productivity on the British labor market and strategic approaches to solving this problem were presented. Some provisions of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement between the UK and the European Union are discussed. The concept of sovereign money is analyzed as a possible response of British economic experts to the challenges of modern crises.

A fresh look at the concepts of economic and macroeconomic crises: General, priority, and institutional approach

Subject. The article addresses approaches to understanding the economic and macroeconomic crisis. Objectives. The aim is to study and update the concepts of macroeconomic crisis and economic crisis, taking into account modern crisis phenomena and processes, for easier identification and timely anti-crisis measures. Methods. The study draws on the abstract-logical method. Results. The paper clarifies the terms "macroeconomic crisis" and "economic crisis", adds two approaches to the traditional general economic approach to understanding macroeconomic and economic crises, i.e. priority-economic (new approach) and institutional- economic (updated approach). I offer a new systemic grouping of signs of macroeconomic crises and examples that reveal the impact of new signs of these crises on macroeconomics. I formulated a new idea of the unity of intermittent and persistent crisis. Conclusions. The priority-economic approach indicates the priority areas of effort mobilization in the process of crisis management of macroeconomics. The institutional-economic approach broadens the perception of the crises and confirms the need to apply an updated institutional approach to all phenomena and processes studied in macroeconomics.

Religion and International Relations in Today’s Marketplace (or Industry?) of Ideas

The many scholarly contributions by Daniel Philpott beg comparison with ideas of one of the founding fathers of the International Relations (IR) field, Hans Morgenthau, his seldom quoted ideas on moral crisis of modernity, religion, and the crisis in International Relations discipline. Using the distinction by Daniel Drezner between public intellectual and opinion influencer (with academics sadly absent from the latter category), this concluding essay in a special symposium of essays in honor of Philpott encourages him to chart his ideas of the future of IR in general, the subfield of religion and IR, and his future work.

The politics of last resort lending and the Overend & Gurney crisis of 1866

AbstractNews of the insolvency of Overend, Gurney, & Company on 10 May 1866 generated a scramble for funds in the City of London and urgent appeals to the Bank of England. The banking panic triggered by the collapse of the prominent British discount house became one of the Bank's most tumultuous modern crises. This article investigates the politics of the Bank's liquidity provision during the 1866 crisis, and in the ensuing months of financial stringency. By assessing the correspondence, speeches, and publications of Governors, City figures, and financial journalists, the article finds that the Bank's evolving approach to crisis lending was decisively shaped by its commercial objectives and a prolonged struggle to preserve its autonomy. When confronted with the 1866 crisis, the Bank adopted a pragmatic stance towards the market, which accommodated the credit needs of the City without sacrificing either its privileged legal status or its shareholders’ interests. Its Governors’ rhetorical pursuit of ‘constructive ambiguity’ during the post‐crisis months succeeded in both limiting moral hazard and consolidating the Bank's discretionary powers.

Development of small innovative business in the Russian economy

The article is devoted to small entrepreneurship in the scientific and technical sphere, despite the recognition of its right to state support, it has a significant difference from scientific and technical and the so-called earlier implementation activities characteristic of the period preceding economic reforms. A significant place in the article is given to the development of mathematical modeling in the system of innovative entrepreneurship in modern crisis conditions. Adaptability and flexibility are considered as the most important indicators of the efficiency of structures, their ability to ensure sustainable operation and effective innovative development of small businesses. The issues of scientific, technical and innovative activities in small business and in the public sector of the economy on the conjugation of adaptability and flexibility are considered. A number of modern techniques related to the development of mathematical modeling of the development of small enterprises in innovative activities in a crisis are analyzed. The necessity of mathematical modeling as the main factor in the implementation of financial support for small business in innovation, for which conventional methods are unacceptable, has been substantiated. The proposed approach should be considered as a guideline when assessing the mechanism for allocating funds from the budget for the development of small business in innovation.

Движение альтерглобализма и его преемники: борьба за общечеловеческую идентичность?

The crisis state of society, expressed in the breakdown of traditional institutions, escalation of conflicts in the international arena, environmental problems, alienation and other issues need to be resolved. It is necessary to solve social problems by the whole society, but a problem arises here: while there is no unifying, universal platform and single identity, the society remains atomized and fragmented. Nevertheless, there have been attempts to create such a platform, with the formation of a common identity. The most striking example was the alter-globalization movement, which rebelled against the neoliberal version of globalization and all the problems it poses. In the opinion of the authors of this article, the alter-globalization movement fought for a truly general humanistic content of a process that would unite all mankind. It was this movement, despite the fact that it eventually collapsed, that set the vector of development for social movements for several decades to come. So, “Occupy Wall Street”, “square movements”, modern populist movements, etc. – all of them, despite many differences between them, one way or another, fought for another future, for an alternative, inalienable world. At the same time, in recent years, we can see that the tendency to unite people in the struggle for such a goal is only gaining momentum, which, apparently, will determine the socio-political agenda of our time for a long time to come. The novelty of this study is a view on socio-political movements as mechanisms for the development of a common human identity, where the “customer” is the whole modern crisis mankind.

Agency: What Does It Mean to Be a Human Being?

This paper will look at the results of what has been termed “the crisis of modernism” and the related rise of postmodern perspectives in the 19th and 20th centuries. It concentrates on what is arguably the chief casualty of this crisis – human agency – and the social science that has developed out of the crisis. We argue that modern and postmodern social science ultimately obviate human agency in the understanding of what it means to be a human being. Attention is given to the contemporary intellectual world and the way in which it has been deeply informed by neo-Hegelian and other postmodern scholarly trends, particularly in accounting for how agency has come to play little role in social science understanding of human action. The paper also offers an alternative conception of human agency to the commonly endorsed libertarian model of free choice. Finally, the paper argues that this view of agency preserves meaning and purpose in human action and counters the pervasive social science worldview that sacrifices agency and meaning to powerful invisible abstractions.

Research and Scientific Advice in the Second Modernity: Technology Assessment, Responsible Research and Innovation, and Sustainability Research

The scientific and technological advance has been a major driving force of modernization for centuries. However, the 20th century was full of indications and diagnoses of a deep crisis of modernity. Currently, debates on limits to growth, pollution, and climate change indicate the serious and threatening lack of sustainability of the so-called ‘first modernity’. This crisis of modernity has motivated scholars to develop concepts of modernizing modernity, with the approach of a ‘reflexive modernization’ to reach a ‘second modernity’ being prominent. In this paper, Technology Assessment (TA), Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI), and Sustainability Research (SR) are regarded as manifestations of this reflexive modernization in the field of problem-oriented and transformative research. The paper aims to (a) unfold the hypothesis regarding TA, RRI, and SR as scientific approaches within reflexive modernization, (b) clarify the respective meaning of ‘reflexive’ in these approaches, (c) identify commonalities as well as differences between the three approaches, and (d) draw conclusions for the relation and further development of TA, RRI, and SR.

On the ability of visual representation of ideas and verbal contents

Using the examples of displayed works of art, painting and music, this article discusses the ability of visual representation of ideas and verbal contents. The author compares two stages in the development of art: the early XX century with the popular were popular ideas of cosmism and the advent of the new world; and the present time characterized by pessimism due to the crisis of modernism. Analysis is conducted on the examples of artworks characteristic of each stage. The author dwells on why in the beginning of the XX century the artists were able visually create a complex verbal content and ideas, while at the present day it is quite challenging. The article determines two techniques of visualization of verbal contents ‒ works with the conceptual verbal explanations, which still do not allow to organically synthesize visual and verbal-conceptual planes; and complex work on conceptualization of verbal narratives. As the case for clarification of the second method, the author chooses the theatrical-musical-dance action projected and implemented by the psychologist Aida Aylamazyan, and offers the analysis of this technique as promising for solution of the problem of visual representation of ideas and verbal contents. The author believes that solution of such tasks requires creating the concept of artistic reality of the intended work, taking into account available visual means, potential audience, and personal aesthetic attitudes.

Development of an Adaptive Management Strategy of High-Technology Enterprises in Modern Crisis

Development of an Adaptive Management Strategy of High-Technology Enterprises in Modern Crisis

‘They built a whole lot like that in the fifties and sixties’: Ishiguro and the ghosts of English institutions’

ABSTRACT For Kazuo Ishiguro’s characters, institutions endure as ghosts long after their original functions have ceased. Though such institutions appear in Ishiguro’s work from Japan to Shanghai to central Europe, this essay argues that Ishiguro’s English institutions register his subtle yet deeply-rooted critique of the British state’s particular modern crises, exposing its attempts to replace political plurality and historical contingency with an essentialist ideal. Ishiguro’s institutions are themselves repeatedly complicit in such attempts, whether oriented towards racial nationalism in The Remains of the Day or the ‘Originality’ that governs Never Let Me Go - ideologies that ultimately destroy these institutions. The circumstances of that destruction nevertheless expose, ironically and elegiacally, the institution’s lost potential. This essay argues that despite their compromised status, these institutions have a real ethical value and even subtle radicalism in haunting Ishiguro’s Britain from the pre-state landscape of The Buried Giant to the late modernity of Never Let Me Go. Beginning by identifying this ethical and political potential, proceeding to describe how it registers through the institutional access enjoyed by Ishiguro’s protagonists, and finally exploring Ishiguro’s provocative response to Britain’s recent history, this essay offers a revised interpretation of Ishiguro’s English institutions and of their collective significance.

Тупики миграционной политики Европейского Союза, их дальнейшее влияние на ситуацию в отдельных странах и Европе в целом (рецензия на кн.: Клаус В., Вейгл И. ООО «Переселение народов»: Краткое пособие для понимания современного миграционного кризиса. М.: Изд-во Института Гайдара, 2017)

В статье представлена рецензия на коллективную монографию чешских ученых, в которой рассматриваются истоки возникновения мощного миграционного кризиса, обрушившегося в 2015 г. на неподготовленную Европу и сравниваемого некоторыми специалистами по разрушительным последствиям с послевоенной ситуацией. Он вызвал в странах ЕС новую волну скепсиса в отношении продвигаемой т.н. «Большой Европой» тенденции усиления централизации в управлении континентом, продолжает привлекать повышенное внимание ученых, политиков и журналистов. И если в научной публицистике и отечественных средствах массовых коммуникаций до сих пор доминирует точка зрения руководства ФРГ, а именно оно было и остается главным и непреклонным в продвижении этой политики, то отношение к ней в восточно-европейских государствах варьируется от легкого неудовольствия до жесткой критики. В этой связи несомненный теоретический и практический интерес для понимания истоков возникновения и возможных последствий современного миграционного кризиса в Европе представляет не утратившая актуальности научная работа, отражающая политические взгляды на эту проблему ведущих чешских ученых В. Клауса и И. Вейгла [5], продолжительное время входивших в состав высшего руководства этой страны.

Публичные коммуникации в период пандемии COVID-19: оценки граждан России

The article presents the results of a sociological research with the aim to determine the extent to which public communications of Russian official bodies reflect the characteristics of modern crisis communications, as well as to identify factors affecting the effectiveness of public communications during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data analyzed are eighteen in-depth focused interviews that were conducted in February-March 2021 in seven out of eight federal districts of the Russian Federation. The interview guide included five sets of questions on the following topics: (1) preferred channels and genres of communication, and the motives of these preference;(2) the image of the crisis and the authorities during the crisis, and the factors that influenced these perceptions;(3) patterns of behavior during the pandemic and factors contributing to their formation;(4) evaluation of the effectiveness of official communications during the pandemic, and expectations related to the messages from authorities. The analysis revealed that Russian citizens demonstrate the behavior of a modern actor in such aspects as a tendency towards rational analysis of information, preference for discussive content, multi-channel information, and involvement in the global information space. With regard to public communications, it is argued that they do not provide space for discussions, do not take into account the analytical capabilities of the knowledge society actors, do not provoke the community involvement (in the exchange of information, social participation);their content is poorly focused on public interests and calls for personalization. Based on the informants' assessments, factors influencing the effectiveness of communications were identified. Among them are the use of channels preferred by the community, selection of competent speakers, laconic style of messages, promptness of information update, targeting, and others.