Crisis Of Confidence Research Articles

A crisis of authority in scientific discourse.

Scientific training often begins with learning content knowledge and techniques. As a student progresses, they are required to communicate the results of their experiments with their instructors in a manner that other scientists would understand. This style of communication is stressed throughout their entire training. But what happens when the need arises to communicate with interested nonscientific audiences? Scientific discourse has typically been considered what philosopher of language Mikhail Bakhtin termed an “authoritative discourse,”—a discourse that “binds us, quite independent of any power it might have to persuade us internally,” whose hegemony is traditionally a priori, unquestioned. However, within the public realm, that authority is in crisis. There is an unsettling rise of anti-scientific counter-discourses such as the anti-vaccine movement, the growing Flat Earth movement, climate change denialism, and a host of other “movements” grounded in either pseudo-science or an outright dismissal of scientific authority. In response to this crisis, scientists and educators have called for more attention to improving scientific literacy among the general public. By examining the generic conventions of scientific discourse using the theories of Mikhail Bakhtin, we hope to point out some of the barriers causing the current crisis in scientific authority.

СТРУКТУРНІ ЗМІНИ В СФЕРІ ЗАЙНЯТОСТІ І ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ ПРАЦІ ВНАСЛІДОК ПАНДЕМІЇ СOVID-19

The epidemic crisis has exacerbated the issue of human resources preserving, minimizing corporate risks minimizing, as like dangers and threats to employees health, work motivation, harmonizing of the employers and employees interests. Consequence of the Соvid 19 pandemic, large-scale structural changes took place in the field of employment, labor organization and personnel management. The requests of social distancing, the transition to remote work, lockdowns have changed traditional visions about the workspace organization, the content of business processes and control over their course, the employee interaction. The tension of remote work destroys the friendliness and corporate culture of employees, causes a crisis of confidence. At the same time, due to the formation of a remote digital environment in the pandemic conditions, new opportunities have been opened to provide flexibility in the workspace utilization, its compliance with production tasks and employee expectations. In parallel with digitalization, labor processes have changed: due to epidemiological regulations and lockdowns, organizations had а problem with the most of the staff absence in the offices. In these conditions, thanks to digital technologies, like Skype, Zoom, Teams, Webex MS Office 365, GSuite, Slack, Workplace, Mural, Miro etc. it was possible to ensure effective teamwork, safety and productivity. Also Box, Sharepoint, Bitrix, providing file sharing and storage, WalkMe, Atlassian, Jira, Asana, Trello, Servicenow, that provide data management, have become essential components of the virtual workplace. Ukrainian companies experience confirms also, that pandemic opened up new opportunities for some business areas. The pandemic has prompted both companies and freelancers to realize that they can work from home not only with domestic customers, but also receive more orders from the global market. Each company and its management decide on the depth of the remote work use in accordance with individual and situational approach to establishing clear guidelines, rules and regulations appropriate for a particular team, keeping in touch with everyone and willingness to take responsibility for decisions.

Communicating COVID-19 Uncertainty: Lessons from the Past

This article examines the global response to the Covid-19 pandemic in the era of the risk society. It employs literature-based analysis and study of legal sources. The first part of the article presents the crucial role of communicating information during a pandemic and the role of WHO in the area of infectious diseases. Confidence, public trust, and public involvement are according to Urlich Beck critical for the acceptance of risk related policies. This article, through the paradigm of a pandemic of the past, (the case of the bubonic plague in Ionian islands), argues how crucial is the communication of the uncertainties, the involvement of the public and the information networks. Furthermore, it supports that during the covid-19 crisis, health risk communication and management of the crisis were not sufficient. Some of the reasons were: the unclearance of the message transmitted, limited public and community participation in the decision making process and in shaping the health policy, crisis of public confidence, inadequacy of implemented policies, e.t.c. It concludes that collective and just solution, harmonized global action, access to information, international solidarity, and the involvement of the locals are of paramount importance.

Psihološka nauka od "objavi ili nestani" do "veruj, ali proveri"

At the time when social psychologists believed they could be proud of their discipline, there was the devastating news that Diederik Stapel had committed a major scientific fraud. This event coincided with the start of the discussion on trust in psychological findings. It was soon followed by the report of a series of nine studies that failed to replicate the 'professor's study'. These replication results were astounding due to earlier reports of successful replications. Due to the crisis of confidence in the results of field research, the Open Science Collaboration subsequently replicated 100 correlation and experimental studies published in 2008 in Psychological Science, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, and Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition. Of the 97% of the original studies that had a positive effect, 36% were replicated. However, their findings have also been called into question by calculating the Bayesian factor. In addition to fraud, questionable research practices resulting from publication bias that results in false positives undermine confidence in the validity of psychological research findings. Perhaps the most costly mistake of false-positive findings is to erroneously reject the null hypothesis. However, that Stapel (2011) confirmed the null hypothesis, or that Bargh (1996) found that admission of participants did not affect walking speed, or that Dijksterhuis and van Knipenberg (1998) reported that participants received with the word 'professor' did not improve their performance on task, no one would be interested in their findings. Zero findings are only interesting if they contradict the main hypothesis derived from the theory or contradict a number of previous studies. The fact that good experimental research is usually conducted in order to test theories, researchers can never be sure whether they have chosen the optimal operationalization of a given construct. As researchers can never be sure that they have properly operationalized the theoretical constructs they are evaluating and whether they have been successful in controlling the third variables that may be responsible for their results, the theory can never be proven true.

Lessons Relearned? H1N1, COVID-19, and Vaccination Planning.

Lessons Relearned? H1N1, COVID-19, and Vaccination Planning.

Changing the rules of the game in academic publishing: three scenarios in the field of management research

The field of academic publishing is under multiple pressures to transform as it suffers from crises of confidence partly due to the mass marketisation, deterioration of relevance and decline of col...

Impacts of COVID 19 on Policy of Tertiary Education in Nigeria: The Case of Professional Diploma in Education Students of Federal College of Education

COVID 19 pandemic has strategically overwhelmed all the global sectors of human endeavours since its first appearance in December 2019. The Virus shattered and paralysed all socioeconomic activities for several months. One of the areas that is seriously affected globally is the education sector. Nigeria is most affected just like other world countries economically and socio-culturally. The Nigerian Policy on Education has been widely criticised for its failure to make adequate provisions for an unforeseen contingency like pandemic periods. Thus, when COVID 19 emerged in Nigeria, the education sector emerges arguably as the most affected. Schools were totally shut down for more than two terms or nearly two semesters for tertiary institutions. The study examined the Nigerian education policy and the impacts of COVID 19 on tertiary institutions. The study used both primary and secondary sources of data. The data obtained were discussed using manual SPSS. The study discovered that the obsolete educational policies subjected tertiary institutions to the mercy of COVID 19 protocols which left the schools closed for many months leading to crisis of confidence from the students and a total loss of a whole session in most cases. The study recommends among others that the Nigerian Policy in Education should be immediately revisited to cater for future pandemic preparations that will avoid closure of schools or learning. This can be achieved through the adoption of e-learning and provision of modern tools of learning in public schools.

A Recipe for Honest Consumer Research

In the past decade, consumer research using experiments has experienced a crisis of confidence. Research in our field has rightfully been criticized for p-hacking, Hypothesizing After the Results are Known, and other practices that lead to overestimation of the reliability and replicability of published results. Remediation has centered on more closely approximating the ideal hypothetico-deductive method. There has been a push towards forming, and registering, one or few hypotheses before running experiments, testing only those hypotheses, and testing each hypothesis with a single, preplanned analysis. We argue that doing better hypothetico-deductive experiments is not the (whole) solution and that p-hacking and HARKing are not the problem per se. The problem is that we misrepresent exploratory research as hypothetico-deductive. Forcing exploratory research into a hypothetico-deductive straightjacket leads to bad hypothesis testing. The straightjacket also leads to bad exploration, crowding out essential, good exploration that deserves space in our journals. We propose a recipe for more honest consumer research, in which authors report exploratory studies meant to generate hypotheses followed by truly hypothetico-deductive studies that test those hypotheses.

Socio-economic outcomes of the COVID-19 pandemic for Ukraine

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the causes and consequences of both human and socio-economic losses incurred by Ukraine as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and restrictions introduced by the government in order to prevent its spread. The author's attention is primarily focused on exploring the population's social well-being, as well as examining changes in the quality of Ukrainians' lives during the pandemic. The study of the above-mentioned issues is complemented by a sociological inquiry into public views on the coronavirus problem, efficacy of the authorities' actions aimed at combating the pandemic, as well as the essence and real effectiveness of socio-economic policy pursued by the Ukrainian government in present-day conditions. Drawing upon a systemic analysis, the author argues that the ongoing socio-economic crisis in Ukraine, along with vaccine crunch, stems mainly from neoliberal policies implemented by the national government over the past three decades. The article argues the thesis about the transformation of the crisis of confidence, which has been fixed for a long time in Ukraine, into a crisis of vaccination, which today threatens with large humanitarian, economic and geopolitical losses. The research findings allow concluding that the COVID-19 pandemic acted as another trigger for the crisis, thereby intensifying and exacerbating the problems that had already existed in the national economy. The author's arguments are bolstered by a vast array of domestic and foreign statistical data, along with the results of surveys conducted by the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (1994–2020), «Research & Branding Group» (2020–2021), as well as other Ukrainian sociological centers.

РАЗВИТИЕ МЕТОДИКИ ОЦЕНКИ КРИПТОВАЛЮТ КАК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНОГО СРЕДСТВА ПЛАТЕЖА В ЦИФРОВОЙ ЭКОНОМИКЕ

The article presents the main results of a study of cryptocurrency as a financial instrument of the future from the standpoint of various methodological approaches aimed at identifying trends in its functioning within the framework of the theory and practice of monetary circulation. The fundamental hypothesis of the study is the prospect of introducing cryptocurrency as a legitimate means of payment to replace the classical forms of money in the context of the transformation of the world economy. This study and its results will contribute to solving a global scientific problem – the formation of a scientifically grounded theoretical and statistical base in the context of the specifics of cryptocurrency’s functioning and the possibility of its functioning as a legitimate means of payment in the modern economy. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to reassess the existing monetary system along with financial mechanisms and operating institutions in view of the emerging crisis of confidence in the current system of state regulation of the economy. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the development of modern economic theory from the standpoint of the functioning of cryptocurrency as a component of monetary circulation via approaches that study cryptocurrency as an alternative to outdated financial mechanisms. This work opens up an opportunity for further research in the field of cryptocurrency relations, its further improvement and implementation in the national financial system.

“Post-Truth” in the COVID World: Position of the Church and the Catholic Community in Italy

The article deals with the attitude of the Catholic Church in Italy toward the “fake news” phenomenon in the mass media of the COVID and post-COVID world. Catholic hierarchs and Pope Francis personally condemned the system promoting fakes on the Web, their creators and consumers ‒ conscious or unconscious “transponders” of lies. The Church and the Catholic media counter fake messages via such important tools as “positive” journalism, fact checking sites, training users in media literacy, critical thinking. At the same time, the actual legalization of “post-truth” in social networks as a form of alternative reality is a wake-up call. The crisis of confidence in authorities, official media, relativity of key concepts and ethical norms became a reality. “Post-truth” society as one of the manifestations of digital mentality is a serious challenge for the Catholic Church. Acts of Communication in the digital environment, study of the laws regulating relationships development on digital platforms open up wide opportunities for evangelism, missionary work, mediation at the micro and macro levels, as well as building socially oriented relations in the world of “post-truth”.

COVID-19 Infodemic and Public Trust from the Perspective of Public and Global Mental Health.

Crisis usually involves participants who trust and distrust each other, commonly in the same time. COVID-19 infodemic induced confidence crisis and distrust in authorities, science communities, governments and institutions can lead to harmful health behaviors and ill mental health and become a serious threat to public and global mental health as another kind of virus. Distrust mentality, conspiracy thinking and blame games may have detrimental effects not just on the individual level, but on the level of the whole groups, communities and global world. Public distrust and mistrust are related to the crisis in the domain of social and political relations, not only on the same country level, but also between different countries at regional or global level. Dynamics between public trust and mental health is a complex and bidirectional, ill mental health is causing and enhancing the inclination to confidence crisis, distrust, conspiracy theories and blame games and vice versa confidence crisis, distrust, conspiracy thinking and blame games are leading to ill mental health. It is important to have a holistic transdisciplinary integrative understanding of these dynamics and science-based treatment and prevention.

Identidad, Juventud y Crisis: el concepto de crisis en las teorías sobre la juventud

El artículo se propone reconstruir algunas narrativas teóricas sobre la juventud, articuladas en torno al concepto de crisis. Para ello, repasa las aportaciones de cinco autores del siglo XX, provenientes de distintas disciplinas, escuelas teóricas y coyunturas de crisis: Erik H. Erikson (1968) y su teoría sobre la juventud como “crisis normativa”; Stanley G. Hall (1904) y su teoría sobre la adolescencia como fase de “tempestad y estímulo”; Antonio Gramsci (1929-31) y su teoría sobre juventud, hegemonía y crisis de autoridad; Margaret Mead (1970) y su teoría sobre la capacidad prefigurativa de la crisis juvenil; Dick Hebdige (1979) y su teoría sobre el punk como metáfora de la crisis. El artículo concluye preguntándose qué elementos de estas teorías deben descartarse y cuáles pueden rescatarse, para comprender la metamorfosis de la condición juvenil tras las secuelas de la última crisis y para diseñar políticas públicas y privadas más efectivas para enfrentarla. El texto incorpora un postscriptum sobre la crisis del coronavirus.

Disagreements and Conflicts between Scientists and the Crisis of Legitimate Authority: The Case of French New Lockdown in November 2020

The Covid-19 pandemic has plunged the world into a deep health, economic and social crisis whose effects are expected to be felt for several years. In the spring of 2020, faced with the explosion of the number of patients in acute respiratory distress, many countries have implemented a lockdown policy in order to strongly reduce social contacts and slow down the speed of propagation of the coronavirus. This lockdown has been accepted by the populations despite its dramatic economic impact. In the autumn of 2020, after a phase of “summer slackening”, a new wave of contamination hit Europe, forcing the political authorities to proceed with a new lockdown, which was very strongly contested, including violently in Spain and Italy. The research note explains the rejection of the new lockdown with reference to Stanley Milgram’s experiment on obedience to authority, in particular by indicating that confrontations between scientific experts are at the origin of a profound crisis of legitimacy. Variation #15 of Stanley Milgram’s experiment effectively indicates that in the presence of multiple legitimate authorities, individuals refuse to obey injunctions, which corresponds explicitly to the situation encountered notably in France, with the development of a movement of radical contestation of the new lockdown.

Ayman al-Zawahiri and the Challenges of Succession in Terrorist Organizations

ABSTRACT What challenges do newly appointed terrorist leaders face? The paper proposes four primary needs all new leaders consider, including acceptance by the organization’s members, assuming control, maintaining organizational coherence and unity, and overcoming counterterrorism pressures. The magnitude of each challenge may differ depending on the predecessor’s character, the organization’s institutionalization level, the group’s ideological and strategic coherence, the availability of material resources, and communal support. This analytical framework is then used to assist the paper’s second objective: understanding how Ayman al-Zawahiri, who succeeded bin Laden, negotiated these challenges and the tradeoffs he made. Shifts in Al Qaeda’s operational environment required al-Zawahiri to confront challenges more complex than his predecessor had faced, even as he had fewer tools to solve them. Facing authority crisis, magnified by the incoherence between Al Qaeda’s central leadership and its branches and Al Qaeda’s inability to control its branches, al-Zawahiri increased decentralization, embraced affiliates’ local focus, promoted efforts to raise Al Qaeda’s local appeal, and sought to reduce U.S. interest in targeting the group. He kept Al Qaeda alive, but saw its stature shrink significantly.

ANALYSIS OF STUDENT'S SELF-TRUST ASSESSED FROM THE INTENSITY OF USE OF INSTAGRAM SOCIAL MEDIA

Social media is the biggest platform used by students to present their own impressions. The social media that is quite widely used by students in Indonesia is Instagram. The use of Instagram social media has positive and negative impacts such as competition for luxury life, refusing to look at reality, and a crisis of confidence. In this case, one of the factors that is assumed to affect self-confidence is excessive use of social media Instagram. The purpose of this study was to see students' confidence in terms of the intensity of using Instagram social media. This study uses a comparative descriptive method with a quantitative approach. This study used a proportional random sampling technique with a sample size of 254 (n = 254). Data analysis used descriptive analysis and ANAVA test analysis using two way ANAVA. The findings of this study indicate that students' self-confidence is not significantly affected by the intensity of using Instagram social media.

Professional contraction and the growth of teacher confidence. Experiences in the teaching of poetry from the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland

ABSTRACT A rising crisis of confidence has been noted amongst teachers of poetry in recent years. Amplified by external factors such as high-stakes testing regimes, performance indicators, standardisation and accountability measures, teachers are increasingly challenged to provide immersive, imaginative and engaging encounters with poetry while developing and maintaining their sense of professional confidence. Drawing on data gleaned from 84 English teachers across the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland, this research explores teachers’ sense of confidence in the teaching of post-16 poetry. The findings of this research indicate a strikingly high level of reported confidence amongst post-16 poetry teachers juxtaposed with low levels of informal poetry engagement, low levels of poetry-related in-service attendance and a reduced commitment to pedagogical innovation. The research points towards the emergence of a new professionalism in which teacher confidence is reinforced through professional contraction and compliance with practices of pedagogical standardisation.

Experimenter as automaton; experimenter as human: exploring the position of the researcher in scientific research

The crisis of confidence in the social sciences has many corollaries which impact our research practices. One of these is a push towards maximal and mechanical objectivity in quantitative research. This stance is reinforced by major journals and academic institutions that subtly yet certainly link objectivity with integrity and rigor. The converse implication of this may be an association between subjectivity and low quality. Subjectivity is one of qualitative methodology’s best assets, however. In qualitative methodology, that subjectivity is often given voice through reflexivity. It is used to better understand our own role within the research process, and is a means through which the researcher may oversee how they influence their research. Given that the actions of researchers have led to the poor reproducibility characterising the crisis of confidence, it is worthwhile to consider whether reflexivity can help improve the validity of research findings in quantitative psychology. In this report, we describe a combination approach of research: the data of a series of interviews helps us elucidate the link between reflexive practice and quality of research, through the eyes of practicing academics. Through our exploration of the position of the researcher in their research, we shed light on how the reflections of the researcher can impact the quality of their research findings, in the context of the current crisis of confidence. The validity of these findings is tempered, however, by limitations to the sample, and we advise caution on the part of our audience in their reading of our conclusions.

Crisis of confidence in cardiothoracic trainees: National trends in the use of minimally invasive esophagectomy

Esophagectomy is highly morbid. Although overall survival has improved with centralization of care, postoperative morbidity has been quoted as approaching 60%.1,2 However, a recent multicenter randomized controlled trial reported a 77% reduction in major complications with hybrid minimally invasive esophagectomy compared with an open approach.3 Furthermore, randomized data support lower pulmonary morbidity following minimally invasive esophagectomy.4 Despite these convincing data, a survey of recent cardiothoracic graduates suggested a crisis of confidence in performing minimally invasive esophagectomy.

International Real Estate Review

The fundamental message of this paper is simple and fourfold. The world has endured many economic - financial frenzies, panics, and crises that, at first glance, appear to be remarkable and special, but upon closer examination, mirror each other in several ways. Typically, these historical economic crises are resultant of excessive debt, contain a trigger event that creates a "crisis in confidence", suffer a boom bust cycle with significantly enhanced financial and economic volatilities, and generate a boom bust cycle that leads to major contagion effects across the financial and real sectors and spreads internationally. Our analysis as a case study examines and demonstrates that the Great Financial Crisis of 2007-2008 exhibits extraordinary causal features and similarities with the Long Depression of 1873.