Crisis Management Theory Research Articles

THE ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN CRISIS LEADERSHIP: EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEE MORALE AND ORGANIZATIONAL RESILIENCE

This research paper examines the role of emotional intelligence (EI) in crisis leadership and its influence on employee morale and organizational resilience. By analyzing theoretical frameworks such as Golemans Emotional Intelligence Model, Transformational Leadership Theory, and Crisis Management Theories, the study establishes the significance of EI as a critical asset for leaders navigating crises. The paper delves into how emotionally intelligent leaders-who demonstrate empathy, self-awareness, and effective communication-enhance employee morale, create a supportive work environment, and build trust during times of uncertainty. Key findings indicate that leaders with high EI can mitigate the negative emotional impacts of crises, thereby preserving morale, fostering a sense of security, and promoting collective resilience. Furthermore, the research reveals that emotionally intelligent leadership not only addresses the immediate emotional needs of employees but also contributes to long-term organizational resilience by fostering a culture of psychological safety and adaptability. Through real-world case studies, the paper contrasts the outcomes of EI-driven leadership with those of low EI leadership, highlighting the far-reaching impact on employee engagement, productivity, and overall organizational stability. The implications suggest that developing emotional intelligence in leaders is essential for maintaining a motivated and resilient workforce capable of navigating complex and unpredictable business environments. Ultimately, the research underscores the strategic importance of integrating emotional intelligence into crisis leadership to ensure sustainable organizational success and employee well-being.

Exploring the Work of College Counselors Based on Crisis Management Theory

As the front-line organizers and implementers of student affairs, college counselors bear significant responsibilities in the prevention and disposal of student crises. Based on the theory of crisis management, this paper deeply analyzes the student work of college counselors. It first sorts out the types of common student crises in colleges and universities, including psychological and academic ones, and points out their characteristics. Then, it points out many existing problems in the current crisis management work of college counselors. Subsequently, it proposes corresponding strategies and suggestions from the dimensions of crisis prevention, response, and recovery, aiming to improve the crisis management level of college counselors and provide a solid guarantee for the healthy development of students and the safety and stability of the campus.

Factors Influencing Public Donation Intention during Major Public Health Emergencies and Their Interactions: Evidence from China.

The COVID-19 pandemic is a major public health emergency that has caused significant global devastation. However, it has also fostered unprecedented worldwide solidarity. During this crisis, we have witnessed large-scale donations and assistance both domestically and internationally. In the face of such extensive public engagement, understanding the driving factors behind public donations is crucial in responding to future global shocks like the COVID-19 pandemic. This study proposes an analytical framework and examines the factors influencing public donation intention during major public health emergencies and their interactions. Based on the online and telephone survey data of 11,682 responses collected in China during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, this study employs multiple logistic regression and moderation effect models to analyze these influencing factors and their interactions on public donation intention. The findings reveal a remarkably high level of public engagement, with 79% of respondents expressing donation intention. Further analysis indicates that the hardship level caused by the pandemic, degree of risk perception, community material support, and evaluation of the pandemic response all have a significant and positive impact on public donation intention. Moreover, the evaluation of the pandemic response and community material support significantly and positively moderate the impact of the hardship level caused by the pandemic and degree of risk perception on public donation intention, respectively. This study provides valuable guidance for governments and organizations worldwide. It is helpful for enriching crisis management theory and improving crisis response mechanisms.

Unified Effort: Developing a Mixed Reality Serious Game for Collaborative Crisis Management Training

Abstract: Crises and disasters include both predictable and unpredictable events. In a turbulent world that has recently experienced a pandemic and wars, and is increasingly affected by climate change, there is a growing need to develop effective public crisis management capabilities. Emergency preparedness is a critical foundation for crisis management. Training and exercises are essential components of preparedness and are becoming increasingly relevant for a wide range of organisations in society. To achieve a unified response to threatening events, a wide range of actors - with different backgrounds, objectives, competencies and organisational frameworks - must overcome the challenges of working together. To address this complex situation, forums for knowledge sharing and learning are required. Serious games in mixed reality can be used as a platform for collaborative training and serve as such a forum. Mixed reality systems connect virtual and physical reality, providing users with a sense of immersion, engagement and interaction in both environments. The aim of this paper is to design a short, serious game for collaboration training with two command levels in a mixed reality. Theories of crisis management, along with related research on serious games design, create the framework for the game. The game content was further developed in a co-design process with selected professionals. This paper describes the development of the “Unified Effort” game. The serious game is designed for basic training of municipalities and county offices in soft skills such as communication, situational awareness and group decision making. The game is not intended to replace hard skills such as procedural training and field drills, but can be used as a supplement to this type of training.

Psychological Crisis Management in Universities in the New Era: Application and Effectiveness Assessment of the 4R Crisis Management Theory

This paper discusses the application of the 4R Crisis Management Theory in modern higher education, based on case analysis and research on psychological crisis intervention. This provides support for the theory that prevention is possible and that psychological crises can be intervened in - after starting as well as prevent occurrences in everyday life and that the perception of the mental health effects on students availed is correct. Through the systematic implementation of the 4R Crisis Management Theory, universities can construct a more complete, efficient and systematized mental health intervention framework to further improve campus safety and student psychological health. In addition, this paper puts forward multi-faceted and specific policy suggestions to enhance mental health education, build a psychological crisis early warning mechanism and intensify inter-departmental cooperation.

Global pandemic governance: A multilevel concept for managing pandemic crises worldwide

This article examines how countries can effectively respond to global health pandemics in six stages. Previous research has assumed that human social and economic activities affect the spread of viral infectious diseases, and it has been noted that countries fight global pandemics independently, making the response inefficient. As no comprehensive governing guidelines exist for managing global public health pandemics, this article argues for the need for an international, integrated governance framework, offering theoretical reflections on a novel integrated, multilevel governance concept, the Global Governance of Pandemic Crises (GGPC), which is centered around crisis management theory at an international level. The article differentiates four pandemic governance processes—risk, emergence, recovery, and goal governance—in six pandemic periods that are linked to different processes of public health pandemic governance. The GGPC concept may prove useful to organisations responsible for governing pandemics and implementing relevant measures in affected countries.

The impact of government legitimacy on the tourism industry during crises

Tourism services are particularly vulnerable to crises because of their hedonic and transitory nature. Notably, external crises have destination-wide negative impacts, which require a collective response usually led by governments for a more effective recovery. Despite the consensus on governments’ role and legitimacy in mitigating crises recovery, there is a dearth of research identifying these tools facilitating intervention and their effectiveness. Thus, the paper aims to explore various government crises mitigation strategies for the tourism industry. This research is based on a mixed-method approach. First, it explores government responses to crises through semi-structured interviews with industry stakeholders. Then, we conduct a survey to target industry experts and measure the effectiveness of government responses and their impact on various key performance indicators during crises. From an academic point of view, the research contributes to an understanding of the efficiency of different government recovery intervention methods, which are overlooked in crisis management theory. Based on managerial contributions, the study provides an effective design of the public tools for more crisis-immune businesses, where governments should prioritise managing external crises by establishing processes, standards, support services, information and communication.

Post-emergencies opportunities for green supply chain management and urban supply chains’ robustness; the moderating influence of blockchains as a sustainable urban resources management technique

Recently the modern urban society faced a lot of challenges in terms of sustainability and sustainable resource management, especially after crises that are accompanied by uncertainties like the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors investigate how new sustainable urban resource techniques, such as blockchain technologies (BCT), can moderate the relationship between uncertainty-anxiety about the global epidemic, GSC, and urban SCs' robustness in order to better understand how the pandemic can be used to improve these areas of supply chain management. The PLS-SEM approach was used to test and evaluate hypotheses based on responses from a questionnaire filled out by 446 Egyptian SMEs' managers. The results demonstrate that GSC practices are greatly enhanced by the uncertainty-anxiety posed by the epidemic. Furthermore, BCT moderates the association between pandemic uncertainty-anxiety and GSC. GSC also reinforces SCs' robustness in urban society markets. Additionally, GSC considerably influences the connection between uncertainty-anxiety about the outbreak and the robustness of urban SCs. The results of this research have far-reaching consequences for the administration of SMEs during COVID-19. To achieve the robustness of urban SCs, they demonstrate the critical need of using GSC, and BCT consistently to offer information that is both transparent and fits the demands of their stakeholders. Also, this study contributes to the theory by using the supply chain resilience, Dynamic capabilities, and crisis management theories to show how the uncertainty-anxiety of the pandemic positively affects the GSC practices and urban supply chains, and how the dynamic capabilities theory explains the innovative BCT moderating effect of such relationship.

Exploration of Response Strategies for Network Public Opinion Crisis Events in Vocational Colleges Based on the 4R Crisis Management Theory

Exploration of Response Strategies for Network Public Opinion Crisis Events in Vocational Colleges Based on the 4R Crisis Management Theory

The Theory of Gradual Landing of Public Opinion During Crises

Public opinion is under consideration not only in the media but also in other fields, such as political science, social studies, and psychology, especially with the growing crises affecting institutions and countries during the 20th and 21st centuries. It is noticeable that there are few theories that explain many of the phenomena associated with public opinion, especially in the era of modern communication technologies and social media. This gap necessitated the development of a theory of gradual landing in public opinion during crises. This theory was developed by reviewing extensive literature on public opinion, crisis management, and media theory related to public opinion. The theory deals with four major variables: event, media, audience, and the parties involved in the conflict or crisis. These variables encompass the mechanisms that determine the paths on the rise and decline of public opinion issues. This theory integrates the degree of the significance of the topic and the media's interest. This theory helps identify various cases of rise and decline in the level of interest in public opinion within society.

Method for determining the economic security of enterprises producing auto components based on a set of indicators

The article proposes a comprehensive method for determining the economic security of enterprises producing automotive components, based on an analysis of the definition of a set of indicators. The relevance of the study is determined by the high competitiveness and dynamic development of the automotive components market, which requires enterprises to pay close attention to ensuring their economic security. The theoretical research is based on the work of domestic scientists in the field of economic security, theories of crisis management, financial analysis and business valuation. The purpose of the article is to develop a method for determining the economic security of enterprises based on a set of indicators, such as: financial stability, diversification, competitiveness, etc. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the proposed method to assess the current level of economic security of an enterprise and develop measures to ensure it. The article provides calculations of economic security indicators and provides recommendations for ensuring it. The results of the study can be used by managers and owners of enterprises producing automotive components to make informed management decisions, by specialists in the field of economic security to develop systems for protecting enterprises from external and internal threats, teachers and students of economic universities in the educational process. This article is of interest to a wide range of readers interested in ensuring the economic security of enterprises in a competitive environment.

The impact of the digital technological revolution on the development of crisis management theory

Purpose: is to identify the main directions of changing the theory of crisis management of companies under the influence of digitalization based on the analysis of technological transformations in the economy and institutional prerequisites.Methods: to achieve the purpose of the study, methods of logical, institutional and statistical analysis of economic phenomena and financial and economic data of industrial and digital companies, economic comparative studies using the provisions of various theories are used. The theoretical basis of the research is the synthesis of the theory of technological revolutions by Perez C., the new institutional economic theory, the concept of scientific research programs by Lakatos I.Results: the formulated hypotheses of the study on the need to change the «protective shell» of the theory of crisis management under the influence of factors of the digital transformation of the institutional economy are proved. The changes are associated with the formation of new subjects – digital companies, the transformation of the nature of crises and anti-crisis tools in the context of the digital revolution. The institutional nature of business crises in the context of technological revolutions has been established, due to the discrepancy between the speed of development of the economic institutions and technologies.Conclusions and Relevance: the digital revolution is having a significant impact on business. Its adaptation to digital technological conditions requires the development of the new and improvement of existing institutions. These changes challenge the theory of management, which must adapt its basis to the new technological needs of the business. Сrisis management plays an important role in this: the rapid development of digital technologies is accompanied by the crisis factors, the nature of most of which is institutional in nature. However, to date, despite the obvious need, the directions of transformation of the theory of crisis management have not been determined at the scientific and theoretical level. According to the results of the study, the key artifacts of the digital economy have been identified that determine the directions of transformation of the theory of crisis management by transforming its «protective shell». The institutional nature of the prerequisites for such a transformation is proved. The results of the study determine the future directions of the development of the theory of crisis management.

Personality and Crisis Preparedness: The Mediation and Moderation of Narcissistic-Rivalry and Escalation of Commitment

Despite extensive research on organizational crises, there is a need for deeper insight into the personalities of managers involved in crisis management and the interplay of personality traits in crisis preparedness. Crisis management (CM) is pivotal in today’s complex and rapidly changing world, involving the strategic process of anticipating, preparing for, and effectively responding to crises that can potentially disrupt an organization. Recent surges in business failures and related corporate crises, along with the varied consequences of COVID-19, emphasize the acute need for effective CM, particularly crisis preparedness (CP). Given that CP in organizations is influenced by various factors, we aimed to develop a model that accurately assesses the impact of individual and situational aspects on CP, drawing on crisis management theory and trait theory as the overarching theoretical basis. Based on a sample of 314 executives and utilizing moderation-mediation analysis, our main findings reveal that narcissistic rivalry fully mediates the positive relationship between conscientiousness and CP. Additionally, Escalation of Commitment (EoC) moderated the relationship between conscientiousness and narcissistic rivalry, such that managers with high conscientiousness disposed to EoC show a desirable low level of rivalry. In conclusion, while EoC is typically viewed as a negative organizational trait, organizations are advised to prioritize hiring conscientious managers who exhibit a propensity for EoC, provided that the organization can effectively manage this tendency. By taking the proper steps, organizations can benefit from the advantages of managers disposed to EoC while reducing crisis risks.

Consumer Protection Agency’s crisis management for children’s kidney failure cases in Indonesia

Background: The Badan Perlindungan Konsumen Nasional Republik Indonesia (BPKN RI) is a government institution dedicated to protect consumer rights nationwide. In August 2022, instances of kidney disorders affecting children emerged in various regions of Indonesia, necessitating BPKN’s involvement in addressing these cases. Purpose: This study examines how crisis communication factored into BPKN RI’s crisis management strategy during the 2022 outbreak of atypical progressive acute kidney injury (APAKI) in children. Methods: The theoretical framework guiding this research encompasses organizational theory, corporate communication theory, crisis communication theory, and crisis management theory. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data collection involves interviews, internet observations, and document analysis. Interviews were conducted with key figures, including the secretary of BPKN RI, the Public Relations and Education Division of BPKN RI, and the Investigation Team for APAKI cases in children. Results: The research findings reveal that BPKN RI’s crisis management process involves identifying the crisis, analyzing its implications, isolating the crisis, formulating a strategy, and implementing a crisis control program, with crisis communication as the fundamental element of the crisis management strategy. Conclusion: BPKN RI’s crisis management strategy prioritizes public welfare, ensuring easy public access, and maintaining transparency and honesty. Implications: BPKN RI disseminates regular and periodic information to the public, designates the Chairman of BPKN RI as the spokesperson, monitors community sentiments and media coverage, and establishes a public information center.

Crisis management in community pharmacies during a pandemic

BackgroundAlthough the COVID-19 pandemic required community pharmacies to implement several adaptation strategies to ensure medicines' and services’ availability, related empirical research based on crisis management theory is lacking. ObjectiveThis study sought to holistically depict crisis management in Finnish community pharmacies and explore whether (1) pre-existing crisis plans, (2) crisis teams, (3) shared decision-making or (4) collaboration and communication with external stakeholders can protect staff resilience, pharmacy owners' resilience, organisational cohesion (‘team spirit’) and pharmacies' resources or finances during the pandemic. MethodsA cross-sectional survey was developed based on the crisis management process model and sent to Finnish community pharmacy owners (n = 602) during the pandemic's second wave in October–November 2020. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and logistic regression analysis was performed to explore effects of crisis management efforts. Open-field responses were analysed qualitatively using deductive content analysis. ResultsIn total, 221 (36.7 %) pharmacy owners participated in the study. Pharmacies responded to the pandemic with increased order volumes and new suppliers, home deliveries and remote consultations, hand sanitiser production and additional customer counselling concerning the COVID-19. Shared decision-making with pharmacy colleagues (p = 0.025) and collaboration with peers or stakeholders in the supply chain (p = 0.015) protected pharmacy owners' resilience during the pandemic. Additionally, shared decision-making protected pharmacies' finances (p = 0.040). Crisis teams or collaboration with social and healthcare operators did not provide advantage to pharmacies. However, pre-existing pandemic plans associated with reduction of pharmacies’ resources (p = 0.006). ConclusionsCommunity pharmacies responded to the COVID-19 pandemic with several measures to ensure the continuity of pharmaceutical services and care and the availability of medicines, disinfectants and personal protective equipment. Developing shared decision-making in pharmacies and active collaboration with peers and supply-chain stakeholders could improve pharmacies' finances and their owners’ resilience in future crises.

A systematic literature review of crisis management in online public opinion: evolutionary path and implications for China

PurposeThis study aims to explore the dissemination and evolutionary path of online public opinion from a crisis management perspective. By clarifying the influencing factors and dynamic mechanisms of online public opinion dissemination, this study provides insights into attenuating the negative impact of online public opinion and creating a favorable ecological space for online public opinion.Design/methodology/approachThis research employs bibliometric analysis and CiteSpace software to analyze 302 Chinese articles published from 2006 to 2023 in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database and 276 English articles published from 1994 to 2023 in the Web of Science core set database. Through literature keyword clustering, co-citation analysis and burst terms analysis, this paper summarizes the core scientific research institutions, scholars, hot topics and evolutionary paths of online public opinion crisis management research from both Chinese and international academic communities.FindingsThe results show that the study of online public opinion crisis management in China and internationally is centered on the life cycle theory, which integrates knowledge from information, computer and system sciences. Although there are differences in political interaction and stage evolution, the overall evolutionary path is similar, and it develops dynamically in the “benign conflict” between the expansion of the research perspective and the gradual refinement of research granularity.Originality/valueThis study summarizes the research results of online public opinion crisis management from China and the international academic community and identifies current research hotspots and theoretical evolution paths. Future research can focus on deepening the basic theories of public opinion crisis management under the influence of frontier technologies, exploring the subjectivity and emotionality of web users using fine algorithms and promoting the international development of network public opinion crisis management theory through transnational comparison and international cooperation.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis for the Strategic Management Model of the Recovery of Smes Hotel Businesses During the COVID-19 Situation

Objective: To examine the determinants of confirmatory factor analysis of business recovery strategy factors that affect expected business outcome after being affected by the COVID-19 situation of medium and small hotels. Theoretical Framework: This study uses a Turnaround Theory, especially the theory of Crisis Management. Method: This research uses a quantitative approach with a questionnaire as the tool to collect the data design using a sample of 298 with the Purposive Sampling technique. The data analysis technique used is Structural equation modeling (SEM); with the AMOS device to test the statistics of the goodness of fit of the measurement model with the empirical data. Result: From examining the statistics of the goodness of fit of the measurement model with the empirical data, it was found that the business recovery strategy model that affects expected business outcomes had been consistent with the empirical data. This met the criteria for considering the harmony between the measurement model and the empirical data. Moreover, each question had demonstrated a statistical significance level of 0.01. The results of testing the influence of all 6 paths found that all the paths had had a positive influence, and the predictive power of the expected business outcome had been 67.1 percent. Implications: The COVID-19 outbreak has had an impact on hotel operations and revenue. As a result, demand and service activities contracted significantly. Therefore, to alleviate this negative impact and business recovery. Originality/Value: After reviewing the literature, it was found that. It was found that various strategies were used in response to this crisis. The researcher therefore analysis on strategies for business recovery So that it can be used as a model for restoring businesses after being affected by crisis situations.

Crisis resilience assessment and management of public utility companies

Currently, the most frequently used models for forecasting the probability of company bankruptcy in the housing and utilities sector lack accuracy. The hypothesis is put forward that crisis resilience of a company can be assessed based on its adaptive capabilities. The paper aims to construct a more accurate compared to the known regression model for predicting bankruptcies, as well as develop models for assessing the quality of crisis adaptation management at public utility companies allowing for the stakeholders’ interests and peculiarities of their interface. The methodological basis of the study consists of the theory of crisis management and a stakeholder approach. The methods include multiple regression analysis, stakeholder mapping, sociological survey, and expert assessments. The evidence comes from the accounting and statistical reporting of 49 public utility companies, materials of arbitration cases, survey results of 33 heads of organisations obtained in the period from February to March 2023. The theoretical developments are implemented within the empirical studies of public utility companies. To improve crisis adaptation and resilience of public utility companies the findings recommend to launch staff training programmes, establish mechanisms for horizontal intra-sectoral connections and maintain cooperation at the level of public authorities in order to control investments in the housing and utilities sector.

An Innovative Scheme for the Governance of Religious Online Public Opinion in Universities: A Design Based on the 4R Crisis Management Theory

The emergency management of religious online public opinion is an important part of the management work in universities, and the modernization of college governance in the new era. Based on the review of relevant theories and concepts of religious online public opinion in universities, this article analyzes the problems existing in the governance of religious online public opinion in universities from the perspective of 4R crisis management theory through literature analysis and questionnaire survey. Coping strategies are proposed for the governance of religious online public opinion in universities, and a “reduction-preparation-response-recovery” governance model of religious online public opinion is constructed, providing reference for the effective response and governance of religious online public opinion in universities.

Strategi Pengelolaan Sektor Pariwisata oleh Pokdarwis Desa Wisata Srikeminut pada Masa Krisis Pandemi COVID-19

Srikeminut Tourist Village is among the tourist communities adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Pokdarwis is among the entities tasked with managing the tourism industry during the pandemic. By applying the theory of tourism disaster crisis management offered by Ritchie (2004), this research endeavors to ascertain the approach adopted by the Pokdarwis of Srikeminut Tourism Village in handling the tourism industry amidst the Covid-19 pandemic crisis that transpired between 2020 and 2022. Therefore, this research focuses on two primary topics: firstly, the categorization of the Pokdarwis strategy about the stages of crisis management, and secondly, the identification of the Pokdarwis strategy in the recovery of the tourism sector. The findings indicated that Pokdarwis resorted to a sequence of strategic implementations in light of the pandemic rather than engaging in preventative measures and strategic planning. Implementing health protocols, creating virtual events, limiting the number of visits, collaborating with internal and external parties, suspending several tourist activities, and promoting tourist attractions via Instagram are all methods to achieve this objective. Pokdarwis' approach to tourism sector management has facilitated the gradual recovery of Srikeminut Tourist Village from the pandemic crisis. By 2022, it will be possible to classify the Srikeminut Tourist Village as having reached a stage in its crisis anatomy known as the long term (recovery), wherein all forms of tourism activities can be resumed as before, and the village community will have acclimated to the new normalcy. To attain this position, Pokdarwis engaged in a succession of partnerships with internal and external entities, implemented a crisis communication strategy, and provided tourism managers and Pokdarwis personnel with a variety of training on sector management.