Crisis In Palestine Research Articles

What drives household protective actions in an industrial crisis? Insights from the East Palestine train derailment

Complex industrial disasters illustrate the challenges of underdeveloped public warning systems. Unlike most natural disasters, quickly identifying hazardous materials and assessing their threats is crucial for developing protective action recommendations (PARs) that guide household response in industrial crises. The 2023 East Palestine, Ohio (USA) train derailment, chemical spill, and fires revealed that gaps in rapidly identifying hazardous materials, and the threats they present, can severely impact the public warning system. As the crisis unfolded, responding agencies left crucial questions unanswered, leaving community members uncertain about their safety, the extent of environmental contamination, and what protective actions to take. It is imperative to study the drivers of household protective actions in the absence of a developed warning system and well-established PARS. To achieve this, we conducted a community survey in Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia (n = 259) in response to the East Palestine crisis. We used multivariate logistic regressions to identify statistically significant explanatory factors that predict protective action response. Our findings reveal gaps in response, where challenges identifying and communicating hazards created environmental justice concerns. We provide policy recommendations to strengthen hazard identification and outline further work to include equity as a pillar of environmental disaster response.

Unintentional childhood mortality during emergencies in Israel: a comparative study

BackgroundArmed conflicts are likely to have implications for the welfare and safety of children, potentially leading to increased rates of unintentional childhood injuries.MethodsWe examine data from Israel concerning the relationship...

Immigration Crisis in Palestine (1933–1936) as Reflected in Periodical Press of United States

The image of Palestine during the years 1933 to 1936 was shaped in the periodical press of the United States under the influence of the “colonial discourse”. In the first half of the 1930s, the issue of Jewish immigrants became one of the central themes in the “Palestinian question”. The materials from the periodical press allow for an exploration of how perceptions regarding the causes of the crisis in the Middle East evolved within the informational discourse of the United States; how the representations of Arabs, Jews, and Great Britain underwent transformation. Publications from American newspapers provide insights into evaluations of British measures aimed at resolving the immigration crisis in Palestine during the 1930s. An analysis of U.S. newspapers reveals distinctive features in the construction of the images of the Jewish and Arab populations of Palestine. It identifies who was categorized as “the other”. The first half of the 1930s proved decisive for American public opinion in prioritizing positions within the context of the Middle Eastern conflict. The material presented in this article vividly illustrates the stages of evolving assessments of the situation in Palestine from 1933 to 1936. The study examines the manipulative techniques and strategies employed by American periodicals in the 1930s concerning Palestine, thereby providing a clearer understanding of how the issue of Jewish immigration was integrated into the broader narrative of Palestine within U.S. periodical literature.

Exploring the Radical Potential of Queer AZN and Pasifika CRT for Clinical Social Work Praxis

ABSTRACT In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, the crisis in Palestine, and the continued rise in hate crimes against Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) communities, clinical social work praxis centering on the intersectional identities of queer and transgender AAPI communities has never been more vital. Through the visioning of an approach that addresses these intersecting identities and our own experiences with racism, cisheterosexism, and transphobia, we propose a theoretical framework, Queer AZN and Pasifika Critical Race Theory (CRT), for clinical social work praxis. Specifically, we describe six tenets of a Queer AZN and Pasifika CRT approach, which include (1) Queer, Brown Asianization; (2) Challenging mainstream ideologies about Asians, Pacific Islanders, Queer and Transgender Pacific Islanders, and Queer and Transgender Asian Americans; (3) Global, decolonial perspectives; (4) Re-constructive histories; (5) Multidisciplinary story, practice, praxis, and voice; and (6) a Social Justice perspective. We present cases as an opportunity to explore and reflect on clinical social work practice with queer and trans AAPI people through the lens of Queer AZN and Pasifika CRT.

Gaza: A decolonial geography

AbstractThis commentary addresses three objectives: (1) to situate and contextualise the ongoing military assault on Gaza within longer colonial histories in Palestine; (2) to collate resources that can equip geographers—specialist and non‐specialist, academic and non‐academic—with resources to build decolonial politics on Palestine–Israel; and (3) to contribute to discussions on what we, as geographers, can do to support Palestinian calls for liberation. These objectives are informed by a strong conviction that now is not a time for equivocation or silence. Palestinians, both in Palestine and in exile, need robust support and solidarity. This commentary offers one example of the form this support and solidarity can take in the context of academia. It does so by calling forth our discipline's plural and deep commitment to justice and thoroughgoing critique of the deleterious power structures and colonial legacies that have brought us to this current moment of crisis in Palestine.

The role of media television to emerge patriotism during conflict: evidence from Palestine TV

Drawing upon observations regarding the crisis in Palestine, media is sometimes the only source of information consumed by society. This raises the critical question of how the Palestinian state media generates awareness of societal issues, such as the patriotism of citizens as a sense of devotion to one’s country. This study examines whether the state media TV in Palestine contributes to existing patriotism because such a contribution should be explored separately. For this purpose, we first analyse the strategies employed by Palestine TV in delivering news during the period 2020–2021. Second, we examine whether the information framed in the state media effectively promotes Palestinian patriotism to the target audience. To discuss this issue, we use agenda-setting theories through the first level, wherein we describe the power of media to persuade viewers, influence public opinion and construct a hierarchy of being patriotic. The results revealed that the news portrayed on Palestine TV enhanced Palestinian patriotism. This finding implies that media can augment citizens’ views on patriotism. This study provides insights into future investigations on the role of media in the time of crisis particularly related to the Israeli occupation in Palestine and the impacts of its occupation on Palestinians.

Assessment of Depression Severity During Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Among the Palestinian Population: A Growing Concern and an Immediate Consideration.

Background: Aggressive quarantine and lockdown measures were implemented as protective public health actions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Assessing the psychological effects associated with these measures is an important attempt to inform local policymakers in an early stage. Yet little is known about these effects, specifically depression, among the Palestinians. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of depression among the Palestinian community during this pandemic.Materials and methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey throughout social media (Facebook and Instagram) was carried out using an anonymous online questionnaire. The validated and standardized depression, anxiety, and stress scale (DASS) was used to measure depression severity. A snowball technique recruiting the general public living in Palestine was conducted. Data were collected between 6 and 16 April 2020, which corresponded to the middle interval of strict massive lockdown in Palestine on 22 March to 5 May 2020. Multinomial logistic regression model was developed to predict depression severity.Results: About 2,819 respondents filled out the questionnaire. Depression prevalence was (57.5%; n = 1,621). Out of them, 66% had mild/moderate severity, and 34% had severe/extremely severe degree. Depression severity was negatively associated with age {mild/moderate degree [OR (95% CI) = 0.98 (0.97–0.99)] and severe/extremely severe [OR (95% CI) = 0.96 (0.94–0.97)]} degrees compared with normal degree. Males were significantly less likely to have higher depression than females {mild/moderate degree [OR (95% CI) = 0.69 (0.57–0.85)] and severe/extremely severe [OR (95% CI) = 0.52 (0.40–0.86)]} degree. However, those who reported having inadequate food supply and lesser monthly incomes were more likely to have a higher degree of depression as compared with normal degree. Single persons were significantly more likely to have mild/moderate depression than those in a relationship [OR (95% CI) = 1.31 (1.05–1.64)].Conclusions: High depression prevalence (57.5%) among the Palestinian community during the COVID-19 pandemic is a growing public health concern. It is essential to provide psychological counseling and treatment during and after the pandemic for the targeted people at high risk (young age/female gender) who were affected psychologically. Strategic long-term policy to address pandemic ramifications, including depression, by implementing comprehensive interventions taking into account socioeconomic disparities, vulnerability, and inequities, is crucial to emerge from this crisis in Palestine.

Energy Recovery from Waste Tires Using Pyrolysis: Palestine as Case of Study

The first industrial-scale pyrolysis plant for solid tire wastes has been installed in Jenin, northern of the West Bank in Palestine, to dispose of the enormous solid tire wastes in the north of West Bank. The disposable process is an environmentally friendly process and it converts tires into useful products, which could reduce the fuel crisis in Palestine. The gravimetric analysis of tire waste pyrolysis products from the pyrolysis plant working at the optimum conditions is: tire pyrolysis oil (TPO): 45%, pyrolysis carbon black (PCB): 35%, pyrolysis gas (Pyro-Gas): 10% and steel wire: 10%. These results are depending on the tire type and size. It has been found that the produced pyrolysis oil has a High Heating Value (HHV), with a range of 42 − 43 ( MJ / kg ) , which could make it useful as a replacement for conventional liquid fuels. The main disadvantage of using the TPO as fuel is its strong acrid smell and its low flash point, as compared with the other conventional liquid fuels. The produced pyrolysis carbon black also has a High Heating Value (HHV) of about 29 (MJ/kg), which could also encourage its usage as a solid fuel. Carbon black could also be used as activated carbon, printers’ ink, etc. The pyrolysis gas (Pyro-Gas) obtained from waste tires mainly consist of light hydrocarbons. The concentration of H2 has a range of 30% to 40% in volume and it has a high calorific value (approximately 31 MJ / m 3 ), which can meet the process requirement of energy. On the other hand, it is necessary to clean gas before the burning process to remove H2S from Pyro-Gas, and hence, reduce the acid rain problem. However, for the current plant, some recommendations should be followed for more comfortable operation and safer environment work conditions.

A Review of Solar Energy Prospects in Palestine

Energy is the main player in the community’s development in several aspects. Palestine is an occupied developing country which has a complicated energy sector. Renewable Energy (RE) resources are considered the optimal practical solution to mitigate or resolve the energy crisis in Palestine. Most of Palestine receives solar radiation about 3000 hours annually, and the average solar radiation values range from 5.4 kWh/m².day to 6.0 kWh/m².day. These results of solar radiation, in addition to the absence of political restrictions on the use of solar energy technology, make solar energy the most viable and feasible choice among other renewable sources. This work objective is to introduce a comprehensive review of the solar energy prospects in Palestine, its geographical data, applications, legislative, and economic potential in contrast to established projects and modules. This review is based on introducing analyzed information about solar energy characteristics in Palestine, Applied solar systems and technology, the policies and legislation, and a recap of strengths, drawbacks, and recommendations. Results showed that best locations for PV solar energy exploitation are Gaza and south West Bank, and worst is Jericho, which leads to resolve many developmental issues in both rural and urban areas.

Cold War Dilemmas, Superpower Influence, and Regional Interests: Greece and the Palestinian Question, 1947–1949

This article discusses official attitudes toward the creation of the state of Israel from the eruption of the postwar international crisis in Palestine until the end of Arab-Israeli War of 1948–1949. In 1947–1949, Greek policy toward the Middle East was determined by a mix of regional, political, and ideological factors: the Greek security problem during the early Cold War era, including the Greek civil war; the existence of the Greek Orthodox Church of Jerusalem; the Greek government's need to take into account the position of the Greek diaspora community in Egypt; commercial interests in the Eastern Mediterranean; anti-Semitism; the need to secure Arab votes in support of the Greek question before the United Nations; and relations between Greece and its new superpower patron, the United States. Greek decisions were dominated by Cold War needs, but the United States did not impose policy on its junior partner.

Crisis of Legitimacy in Palestine

Palestinian society is geographically separated and politically fragmented. This is attributed to partisan affiliation and alignment, absence of conceptual and professional framework of civil society, unethical approach of Palestinian political leaders, and unconstitutional political institutions. Such polarization and division have created political antagonism within elites and between factions. The broad objective of this research is to investigate the legitimacy crisis in Palestine, the current political dilemma in the Palestinian Authority, and the public response to the situation. The research introduces direct and thorough understanding of the developing political context surrounding these issues; taking into consideration that growing deficit in legitimacy could create potentially dire consequences, particularly if present trends on the ground continue. The research promotes an analytical perspective based on legitimacy theory and exploring recent public opinion polls.

Palestinians in Latin America

Latin America is host to an estimated half-million people of Palestinian descent, the largest such population outside the Arab world. Migration to the region began in the late 1800s and peaked between 1900 and 1930, with surges around periods of war or economic crisis in Palestine. Predominantly the descendants of a pre-Nakba generation, mostly middle to upper-class Christians who are well-represented among political and business elites, Palestinians in Latin America do not easily fit into a national narrative shaped by the refugee experience. They have therefore held little interest for Palestinian historiography as they did not meet the criteria of “Palestinian-ness” as defined by a nationalist discourse centered on dispossession, denial, and statelessness. With a special focus on Chile,1 this article presents a historical overview of the Palestinian émigré community in Latin America, shedding light on its diverse and dynamic identity politics.

Tracing contingencies: analyzing the political in assemblages of web 2.0 cartographies

Our paper presents a theoretical approach to critical research on web 2.0 cartographies. Within the geoweb, dynamic and collaborative web based maps have become a popular medium for collating and communicating geographic information. Web 2.0 cartographies are often promoted as facilitating public participation and democratizing geographic knowledge. Such claims demand a closer look at the processes through which people do engage in these cartographic projects and the multiple actors, institutions, norms and technologies at work. In the context of ‘theorizing the geoweb’, here we propose conceptual tools for analyzing these myriad interactions within web 2.0 cartographies. We understand web 2.0 cartographies as assemblages of subjects, materialities and practices, or ‘actor networks’. Yet explorations of actor‐networks describe existing relations and as a consequence tend to overlook what has been excluded or lies outside of such assemblages. In order to overcome this blindness we suggest bringing together actor‐network theory with the concepts of hegemonic discourses, contingency and the political from Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau. These two political theorists stress the idea that specific social realities become fixed, sedimented and perceived as natural while other possible social realities become marginalized. Using the example of the dynamic ‘Palestine Crisis Map’ (an Ushahidi Crowdmap) we demonstrate a methodology that emphasizes sensitivity towards moments of exclusion and struggle, where the political unfolds. Theorizing the political in this way extends the processual approach within Critical Cartography and offers a conceptual basis for critical research on the social dimensions of web 2.0 cartographies and geoweb practices.

Crisis in Palestine

The Israeli cabinet's decision in principle to 'remove' Palestinian Authority (PA) President Yasser Arafat marked the latest crisis to hit a peace process that was already reeling from the breakdown of the Palestinian ceasefire – a development that on 6 September had led to the resignation of Mahmud Abbas (Abu Mazen) as Palestinian prime minister. The interlocutor preferred by the US and Israel in their attempts to undercut the entrenched Arafat, with whom he competed for power, Abbas was quickly replaced by Ahmad Qurei (Abu Ala). Abbas's departure has dealt a further blow to hopes that progress can be made on the US-sponsored 'Roadmap' and increased Israeli frustration with Arafat. But Arafat's forcible removal would only magnify the current crisis, rather than create conditions for its resolution.

Emotional problems in Palestinian children living in a war zone: a cross-sectional study

Children living in war zones are at high risk of developing post-traumatic stress and other emotional disorders, but little is known about the effect of traumatic events during war. We aimed to assess the nature and severity of emotional problems in Palestinian children whose homes had been bombarded and demolished during the crisis in Palestine, compared with children living in other parts of the Gaza strip. 91 children exposed to home bombardment and demolition during Al Aqsa Intifada and 89 controls who had been exposed to other types of traumatic events related to political violence completed self-report measures of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, and fears. Significantly more children exposed to bombardment and home demolition reported symptoms of post-traumatic stress (p=0.0008) and fear (p=0.002) than controls. 54 (59%) of 91 exposed children and 22 (25%) of 89 controls reported post-traumatic stress reactions of clinical importance. Exposure to bombardment was the strongest socioeconomic predictor of post-traumatic stress reactions (odds ratio 0.25 [95% CI 0.12-0.53], p=0.0008). By contrast, children exposed to other events, mainly through the media and adults, reported more anticipatory anxiety and cognitive expressions of distress (p=0.001) than children who were directly exposed. Children living in war zones can express acute distress from various traumatic events through emotional problems that are not usually recognised. Health professionals and other agencies coming in contact with children who have been affected by war and political violence need to be trained in detection and treatment of such presentations.

Water crisis in Palestine

Palestine is experiencing a severe water crisis caused mainly by the lack of control over the Palestinian water resources. At present the average per capita water consumption by the Palestinian population is approximately 55 l/c/d, or 55% of the WHO minimum standard of 100 l/c/d. The above statements show that the communal water supply for the Palestinian population is substantially inadequate by international standards. The available water resources in the Middle East are scarce, limited, fragile and threatened. They are already exploited, especially in Palestine. The water resources in the countries of the sub-region (the Jordan River Basin) are limited in absolute terms; the average per capita availability is extremely low as illustrated in the table below. A large proportion of the water resources in the Middle East in general, and in Palestine as particular, are transboundary and final arrangements on water resources allocation between Palestinians and Israelis are not yet in place for “fair and equitable apportionment”. Average per capita availability in the countries of the Jordan River Basin is about 455 m 3, which is low compared with other regions, as for example 3283 m 3 in Asia, 5184 m 3 in Western Europe or 18,742 in North America. The average per capita availability in Palestine, which is 105 m 3d, the lowest in the world. All five parties listed above are riparian to the Jordan River catchment which has an average annual total discharge of 1320 Mm 3, with Israel abstracting about 645 Mm 3, Jordan abstracting about 485 Mm 3, and Syria abstracting about 2000 Mm 3. Israel inhibited Palestine from the access to the Jordan River water since its occupation in 1967. The Middle East region's natural water is not only threatened, it is also threatening [1].

Naomi W. Cohen. <italic>The Year after the Riots: American Responses to the Palestine Crisis of 1929–30</italic>. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 1988. Pp. 210. $24.95

Naomi W. Cohen. The Year after the Riots: American Responses to the Palestine Crisis of 1929–30. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 1988. Pp. 210. $24.95 Get access Cohen Naomi W.. The Year after the Riots: American Responses to the Palestine Crisis of 1929–30. Detroit: Wayne State University Press. 1988. Pp. 210. $24.95. Saul S. Friedman Saul S. Friedman Youngstown State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The American Historical Review, Volume 94, Issue 5, December 1989, Page 1503, https://doi.org/10.1086/ahr/94.5.1503 Published: 01 December 1989

The Year after the Riots: American Responses to the Palestine Crisis of 1929-30

The Year after the Riots: American Responses to the Palestine Crisis of 1929-30

Book Reviews

Book Reviews

The Year after the Riots: American Responses to the Palestine Crisis of 1929-1930

The Year after the Riots: American Responses to the Palestine Crisis of 1929-1930