Crisis Of Representation Research Articles

Reevaluating the Role of Ideology in Chile

ABSTRACTVoters’ ideological stances have long been considered one of the most important factors for understanding electoral choices in Chile. In recent years, however, the literature has begun to call this premise into question, due to several changes in the Chilean political landscape: the current crisis of representation, the high programmatic congruence between the two main coalitions, the decline in the political relevance of the dictatorship, and the rise of nonprogrammatic electoral strategies. In addition to these transformations, Chile switched to voluntary voting in 2012. This article studies whether ideology still informs electoral choices in Chile in an era of voluntary voting. It implements a conjoint survey experiment in low-to-middle-income neighborhoods in Santiago, where voters would be expected to be less ideological. It shows that candidates’ ideological labels are crucial for understanding the electoral decisions of a large part of the sample, particularly among likely voters.

Radical democratic theory and migration: The Refugee Protest March as a democratic practice

In dominant discourses, migrants are mostly perceived as either victims or villains but rarely as political subjects and democratic constituents. Challenging this view, the aim of the article is to rethink democracy with respect to migration struggles. I argue that movements of migration are not only consistent with democracy but also provide a decisive impetus for actualizing democratic principles in the context of debates about the crisis of representation and post-democracy. Drawing on the work of Jacques Rancière, Étienne Balibar and Ernesto Laclau and Chantal Mouffe, I develop a theory of radical democracy as practice, which, starting from the proposed notion of ‘democratic difference’, goes beyond the fixation on democratic regimes and focuses on contentious practices of enacting democratic principles. I articulate these theoretical concepts by analysing how refugees in Germany have managed to break out of a marginalized position and have challenged their denial of rights through a protest march.

Abigail under “the Livery of a Nun”: Staging Nuns in Post-Reformation England

This essay primarily discusses that the role of Abigail in Marlowe’s The Jew of Malta embodies contemporary discomfort about femininity, theatricality and Catholicism. In-post-Reformation England, both anti-theatricalism and anti-Catholicism reflect the suspicion of clothing’s potential to misrepresent the wearers’ identity, which leads to ideologically loaded rhetoric that figured Catholic vestments as costume. Abigail, a Jewish girl converted to a Catholic nun, is exclusively depicted as free from stereotypes of either greedy Jew or hypocritical Catholic. However, in Marlowe’s sceptical dramatic world, Abigail’s corporeal presence on stage, with a nun’s habit assumed by a boy actor, summons up the negative values formerly invested in the garments; deception, hypocrisy, promiscuity and immaturity. The sacred singularity of Abigail might be valid textually at best, and the most challenging attempt, especially on Elizabethan stage, is to depict her as a consistently sacred female. In post-Reformation England, nuns on stage, including Abigail, demonstrate the representational crisis of female sacredness under contemporary anti-Catholicism, anti-theatricality and Protestant misogyny.

Control y calidad de la ley. Análisis de los mecanismos de control de la calidad legislativa y su aplicación en Colombia

El artículo identifica la deficiencia de los productos legislativos como una de las principales manifestaciones de la llamada crisis de la representación política. A partir de un análisis sobre la escasa atención por parte de la literatura académica frente a esta pro-blemática, el trabajo realiza una revisión de algunos de los mecanismos de control existentes en el diseño institucional colombiano para el examen de la calidad de los productos legislati-vos. Así, en este trabajo se argumenta que estos mecanismos de control son insuficientes para evaluar la racionalidad y la calidad de las medidas adoptadas por el legislador en la solución de los problemas sociales, mientras que tampoco contribuyen a reducir la discrecionalidad en las posibilidades de adopción de decisiones por parte del órgano legislativo. En tres acá-pites, iniciando con una metodología explorativa respecto a las temáticas de calidad legislati-va y los mecanismos de control de ésta, y después una recolección de la normativa colom-biana, incluyendo las respectivas providencias judiciales de la Corte Constitucional, dará una visión crítica sobre la temática abordada y valorará la necesidad la adopción de mecanismos alternativos para sustentar el valor de la legislación nacional.

The Emergence of the Fourth Dimension: Higher Spatial Thinking in the Fin de Siècle, by Mark Blacklock, Algebraic Art: Mathematical Formalism and Victorian Culture, by Andrea K. Henderson

Reviewed by: The Emergence of the Fourth Dimension: Higher Spatial Thinking in the Fin de Siècle by Mark Blacklock, and: Algebraic Art: Mathematical Formalism and Victorian Culture by Andrea K. Henderson Deanna K. Kreisel (bio) The Emergence of the Fourth Dimension: Higher Spatial Thinking in the Fin de Siècle, by Mark Blacklock; pp. vi + 233. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2018, $82.00, £61.00. Algebraic Art: Mathematical Formalism and Victorian Culture, by Andrea K. Henderson; pp. xii + 218. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press, 2018, $67.00, £49.99. The development of higher-dimensional and non-Euclidean geometries in the latter half of the nineteenth century called into question the intuitive correspondence between geometric description and the natural world. If mathematicians can produce coherent theorems and proofs treating four-dimensional or curved space, then what does that imply about the spaces they describe? Do these spaces really exist, and if so, does that mean that the flat, Euclidean space we feel ourselves to occupy is a fiction? While this representational crisis can arguably be traced back to René Descartes's invention of analytic geometry, which translates the axioms of Euclidean space into abstract algebraic formulas, it was the exotic new Victorian mathematics that brought these questions to the forefront of popular consciousness. Two recent books trace the development of new mathematical models in the Victorian period: Mark Blacklock's The Emergence of the Fourth Dimension: Higher Spatial Thinking in the Fin de Siècle, and Andrea K. Henderson's Algebraic Art: Mathematical Formalism and Victorian Culture. Blacklock's book is an erudite and exhaustively researched history that crosshatches back and forth, in alternating chapters, between broader cultural responses to the development of n-dimensional Euclidean geometries and literary treatments of higher space. He lays the groundwork for the larger themes of the study with a deep dive into the philosophical pre-history of spatial thought in Immanuel Kant and in debates among Victorian science writers about the status of Kantian space, to which the development of n-dimensional geometries posed conceptual challenges. The book then turns to a discussion of spiritualism and the impact that n-dimensional geometries had on psychical research (and vice versa). As some spiritualists speculated, supernatural phenomena could be explained as the interventions of beings from higher dimensions into our three-dimensional world. Think of how shocked the two-dimensional narrator of Edwin A. Abbott's Flatland (1884) is when a sphere suddenly seems to appear out of nowhere when it intersects with his planar world by moving downward from the third dimension. Such intersections with four-dimensional beings, some spiritualists believed, [End Page 147] might explain the appearance of ghosts and other seemingly supernatural phenomena in our own world. Their case is bolstered by the work of German astrophysicist-cum-spiritualist Johann Carl Friedrich Zöllner, who undertook a series of knot experiments with the medium Henry Slade that supposedly proved Slade's thesis that intelligent beings from higher dimensions intervene in our 3-D world. Subsequent chapters of Blacklock's book analyze Flatland at length; discuss the work of mathematician, fiction writer, and higher-dimension popularizer Charles Howard Hinton; consider the relationship between n-dimensional geometries and Theosophy; and examine treatments of higher space in late-Victorian and Edwardian fiction. Blacklock's elegant study is at its best when diving into the voluminous and internecine debates between Victorian writers and researchers on seemingly abstruse geometrical questions (my brief chapter summaries do not do justice to the complexity and thoroughness of his discussions), and when drawing out the philosophical implications and broader cultural impact of the new geometrical theories. The final chapter on fiction will be of particular interest to literary scholars: it not only discusses the appearance of higher space as a fictional theme, but also speculates about the impact of n-dimensional thinking on the development of narrative technique and literary form at the fin de siècle. The chapters on spiritualism, Theosophy, and Hinton are fascinating and relatively autonomous studies that expand and complicate previous scholarship in the former two cases, and redress a relative dearth of scholarship in the latter. Surprisingly, the chapter on Abbott...

Allaying the Fears Metaphorically: Representation of Coronavirus Crisis in Saudi English Newspapers

The present study is an analysis of the representation of the crises brought about by the coronavirus disease (Covid-19) at the socio-economic front in Saudi Arabia and the world over, in two Saudi English dailies, Saudi Gazette and Arab News. The study analyses the use of metaphors in the language employed in reporting the news items or presentation of expert opinions on the virus and the disease, and the deeper significance of the use of such metaphors in writing on the pandemic and its causes. Cognitive Metaphor Theory (CMT) has been employed as framework of analysis and the data have been analysed using Pragglejaz Group’s MIP. Six news and opinionated items (two from Saudi Gazette and four from Arab News) have been analysed. The analysis shows that the crisis writing relies heavily on war metaphors, Sinophobia metaphors, and metaphors allaying fears. The metaphorical language used in the selected English dailies plays a big role in allaying the public fears on the spread of the disease and putting the government programs in the right perspective. The use of metaphorical language to talk about the pandemic and its potent causes has been quite effective in addressing the sensitive issues since human psyche displays deep-set prejudices against certain panic conditions and social formations.

Truth Embedded in Form: Towards a New Literary Realism of Fields of Sense

At the heart of the dichotomy between modernism and realism is the question of form. Modernist writers linked the upheavals of modernity to a crisis of representation—a sense that the established forms of representing the world and of artistic expression were no longer adequate. The modernist revolt was directed at various targets, with slight variations depending on genre.

Landscape and the crisis of representation in Nakae Yūji’s Panari nite (1986)

ABSTRACT In Japan, the ideological implications of landscape were hotly discussed throughout the 1970s. In his response to this discussion, the film scholar and critic Hasumi Shigehiko characterized ‘landscape’ as a cultural apparatus that dictates one’s perception of the physical world. A comparable view on landscape can be found in Panari nite (On an Offshore Island, Nakae Yūji, 1986), which evinces a critical engagement with landscape through drawing on the mythologized life of Vincent van Gogh in Arles. As with the Dutch artist, who sought an imagined Japan in southern France, the film’s protagonist, a painter from Tokyo, carries along his fantasies when he comes to an island in subtropical Okinawa, where he confronts the devastating gap between reality and representation. Through analysis of the film, I will assess Hasumi’s formative influence upon Nakae, arguing that the film employs Hasumi’s critical approach to landscape in order to counter the dominant stereotype of Okinawa as an exotic Other within Japan’s national boundary.

An Anthropological Perspective. A Particular Case

This essay addresses the idea of perspective as it is suggested by C. Geertz. This idea presupposes that (wo)man interacts with the surrounding physical world while taking separate yet overlapping positions grounded in such frames as common-sense, aesthetics, religion, science, and others. The author proposes to introduce another perspective which speaks for a unique frame which (wo)man composes while interacting with other (wo)men. This is an anthropological perspective framed as a particular case. The author refers to a number of American anthropologists who directly or indirectly yet critically appeal to Geertz’s heritage to show what is necessary to compose the foundations of the perspective in question. In this respect, G. Marcus’s and M. Fischer’s crisis of representation, L. Abu-Lughod’s the particular, J. Limón’s modernity-postmodernity relation, and P. Rabinow’s, A. Stavrianakis’s and J. Faubion’s triad of the present, the actual and the contemporary is discussed. The author offers a model to analyse the interaction in question. At the same time, the author suggests that the anthropological perspective should be understood in terms of self-awareness and complexity to approach other (wo)men creatively and critically.

Fine-Grained Ontology Reconstruction for Crisis Knowledge Based on Integrated Analysis of Temporal-Spatial Factors

Previous studies on crisis know­ledge organization mostly focused on the categorization of crisis know­ledge without regarding its dynamic trend and temporal-spatial features. In order to emphasize the dynamic factors of crisis collaboration, a fine-grained crisis know­ledge model is proposed by integrating temporal-spatial analysis based on ontology, which is one of the commonly used methods for know­ledge organization. The reconstruction of ontology-based crisis know­ledge will be implemented through three steps: analyzing temporal-spatial features of crisis know­ledge, reconstructing crisis know­ledge ontology, and verifying the temporal-spatial ontology. In the process of ontology reconstruction, the main classes and properties of the domain will be identified by investigating the crisis information resources. Meanwhile the fine-grained crisis ontology will be achieved at the level of characteristic representation of crisis know­ledge including temporal relationship, spatial relationship, and semantic relationship. Finally, we conducted case addition and system implementation to verify our crisis know­ledge model. This ontology-based know­ledge organization method theoretically optimizes the static organizational structure of crisis know­ledge, improving the flexibility of know­ledge organization and efficiency of emergency response. In practice, the proposed fine-grained ontology is supposed to be more in line with the real situation of emergency collaboration and management. Moreover, it will also provide the know­ledge base for decision-making during rescue process.

Artistic Digital Display and Analysis of Interactive Media Wireless Sensor Clusters

For video art, the coupling of digital technology and postmodernist thinking has brought not only technical progress and formal transformation but also a new mode of thinking and way of living around visual experience and even a change in the whole world view. The digitalization of the image not only lies in the change of the surface form, but also it has evolved into a supermedium, connecting the real world and the virtual world, becoming a new way and means for us to grasp the world, which can be considered a huge transformation. However, while digitalization has brought great development to video art, it has also confused many issues that need to be further explored, especially the inevitable transformation in creation. This paper takes digital video art as the main object of study and explores the crisis of representation and the problem of transformation that has arisen in it, with reference to “technology,” “form,” “concept,” and even “social and cultural life.” We also analyze, summarize, and conclude the transformation of video art and its creation rules in the digital context and propose corresponding creation strategies, taking “technology,” “form,” “concept,” and even “social and cultural life“ as the starting point. For the detection of a small area, a star structure can be used to achieve a flexible arrangement of each sensor while satisfying the real‐time performance. For the collection of information in a large monitoring area, if a star structure is used, the nodes are overloaded with low reliability and low utilization of communication lines. The wireless data acquisition system uses the relatively scalable UCB telosb hardware platform, while the hardware platform uses an operating system with good portability, which can give full play to the hardware performance of the platform and effectively reduce the power consumption of the system. Based on the current art trend, this paper discusses the transformation of video art in the digital background from the perspective of “technology” and “concept” and proposes corresponding creation strategies to provide theoretical to practical support for digital video art creation practice and bring some inspiration to creators. It will also bring some inspiration to the creators. Cluster analysis is used to effectively improve the introduced algorithm, and the simulation results show that the improved algorithm can reasonably plan each sensor node in the region while reducing the number of sensors, so that the effectiveness of each sensor node can be well utilized.

Izazovi dokumentarnog filma u doba novih medija

Pojava digitalnih tehnologija u filmu promijenila je postojeće modele produkcije, distribucije i recepcije. Neki teoretičari gledaju na digitalnu tehnologiju kao prijetnju indeksnom fotografskom realizmu te vjeruju da se ta ista karakteristika zanemaruje ili čak potpuno gubi kod digitalne slike. Dokumentaristi brzo prihvaćaju nove medije i tehnološke promjene, kako kroz povijest tako i danas, jer im otvaraju veće mogućnosti u procesu stvaranja filma, ali omogućuju i veći angažman korisnika odnosno gledatelja. Novomedijski dokumentarni film nastaje isprepletanjem različitih medija i novih tehnologija, ali to nužno ne pretpostavlja da je dokumentarac u krizi, dok je korištenje digitalnih tehnologija manje radikalno i prijeteće za prirodu filma, nego što se to u početku činilo.

A CRITIQUE OF EMBODIMENT

Embodiment is often taken for granted as beneficial to our wellbeing, learning andhealing. Embodied processes are core to various therapies and pedagogies. Current debates on decolonising knowledge, education, museums, universities andcurriculums are suggesting that more art courses, more creative practices andembodied methodologies will provide solutions to the resilient crisis of transformation, representation, separateness and woundedness effected by centuries of colonial and apartheid violence. In the context of genocide and violence, however, an attempt to transform and heal from its trauma, embodiment should be applied with caution. Arts and other embodied approaches may be dislocating and possibly re-traumatising if applied from a philosophical, theoretical, psychological and academic logic that emphasises the notion of separation which locates the body to the margins, and isolates individuals and communities from themselves, each otherand the world. In light of the metaphors going back home and the journey to healing, emerging from experiences and processes of survival and healing, this article proposes REmbodiment (reembodiment). Re-embodied are here understood as practices that take their source and feed modes of being and praxis that are more circular, opening, re-membering (bringing together, repairing), interconnecting, multidimensional.It occurred to me then that if one could make a people lose touch withtheir capacity to create, lose sight of their will and their power to makeart, then the work of subjugation, of colonization, is complete. Suchwork can be undone only by acts of concrete reclamation(Hooks 1995: xv)

How a lack of truthfulness can undermine democratic representation: The case of post-referendum Brexit discourses

This article draws attention to how the ethics of democratic representation operates as a discreet factor in a crisis of representation afflicting Western democracies by identifying the ways a disregard for truthfulness can harm democratic representation. We argue that such a disregard undermines democratic representation by (1) reducing freedom and equality, (2) weakening accountability, (3) undermining citizens’ trust in democratic institutions, and (4) jeopardising the ability to compromise. We illustrate the processes that produce these effects by analysing examples of untruthful communication about Brexit by senior British politicians in the post-referendum debates. We show how all four of these effects were triggered by the ways they misled the public by (1) making claims about overwhelming popular support for their policy, (2) misrepresenting the power relations between the European Union and the national government, and (3) seriously downplaying the complexity of negotiations involved in leaving the European Union and reaching trade deals thereafter.

Introduction to Democracy as a Form of Life

Nowadays, Western societies find themselves in a situation that has been coined as a “crisis of representation” or even as “postdemocracy.” The self-understanding of western societies that is informed by the idea of its citizen’s democratic participation in the shaping of the common good has been severely tested by a growing disenchantment with politics. This expresses itself not only in a growing disinterest in common decision-making but also in an ominous interplay between a decreasing will...

Lógicas sensibles en Campo minado y Teatro de guerra de Lola Arias

Into the postdramatic theater the mimetic funtion of the body tends to be displaced towards transmedial resources thus favoring the producction of a metatheatre. The Lola Arias’s work stands out precisely because of putting in tension the role of the acting body on stage producing, through transmedial resources, a representational crisis that questions traditional forms of drama. The present article aims to establish the aesthetic strategies used by this playwright and director to problematize the place of the body in her theatral work Campo Minado (2016) and her documentary Teatro de Guerra (2018).

"Parsimonious / Presentations": Mina Loy's Crisis of [Christian] Representation

Abstract: For poet Mina Loy, Christian visual culture posed unique and critical complications to the "crisis of representation" that she and her modernist peers attempted to negotiate. In poems featuring Christian iconography, Loy engages directly with high modernist theory, most prominently with Ezra Pound's injunction in "A Retrospect" to employ "Direct treatment of the thing." This paper situates two of Loy's poems, "The Prototype" and "Christ's Regrettable Reticence," as problematizing Pound's "direct treatment" in order to render spaces for Christian representations that remain accessible yet do not elide the distance she deems necessary between humanity and the divine.

Understanding Trumpism: Politics and Culture in an Age of Globalization

Neste ensaio, considero a vitória eleitoral de Donald Trump – como aconteceu? – e o Trumpismo como movimento – o que isso significa? Minhas preocupações são filosóficas e apartidárias, mas são motivadas pelo compromisso com o constitucionalismo liberal como forma de governo e o liberalismo como credo político. Descrevo pela primeira vez em termos neutros e retoricamente moderados como Donald Trump venceu a eleição presidencial americana de 2016. Esta descrição é granular. Então, na segunda metade do ensaio, eu medito mais abstratamente sobre o Trumpismo como um movimento político e um movimento de ideias. Descrevo primeiro como o populismo em geral, e o Trumpismo em particular, é uma resposta política a uma crise de representação democrática impulsionada pela globalização. Em seguida, voltando-me para a filosofia, apresento argumentos sobre a natureza da comunidade política, feita pelo teórico do direito antiliberal alemão Carl Schmitt, cuja obra ressoa fortemente em aspectos da política interna e externa do presidente Trump. Concluo com algumas reflexões sobre o significado do Trumpismo para o futuro do liberalismo.

TÜRKİYE’DE FOTOĞRAF ELEŞTİRİSİ VE FOTOĞRAFIN TEMSİL KRİZİ ÜZERİNE BİR İNCELEME

Bu çalışma Türkiye’de entelektüel ve sürekli bir geleneğe sahip olmayan fotoğraf eleştirisi ve buna bağlı olarak temsil krizi ve güncel fotoğraf üretiminin pratik ve kuramsal bağlamda incelenmesine odaklanmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de fotoğraf eleştirisi bağlamında ele alınan yazıları değerlendirerek özellikle güncel fotoğrafa karşı oluşan önyargı ve eksik eleştirilerin sebepleri üzerinde durmaktır. Türkiye’de 2000’li yılların başından itibaren ivmelenen güncel öznel yaklaşımlar ve buna karşı oluşan eleştiriler bu çalışmanın ana konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Geniş Açı ve Kontrast fotoğraf kültürü dergilerinin incelendiği çalışma, fotoğraf eleştirisi ve güncel fotoğraf pratiğinin tarihsel ve güncel analizini ortaya koymaya çalışmaktadır. Bu açıdan dergilerde yer alan makaleler, güncel fotoğraf pratiğinin hangi bağlamda eleştirildiğini ve bu bağlamın kuramsal olarak nasıl bir argümanla ortaya çıktığını göstermektedir. Çalışma, modernist eleştirilerin karşısında pratikleşen güncel yaklaşımların daha çok postmodern bağlamda ele alınması gereken sinik bir tavır ile değerlendirilmesini önermektedir. Buradan hareketle çalışma bazı sorulara odaklanmaktadır. Türkiye’de fotoğraf üzerine yapılan eleştirilerin bağlamı nedir; eleştiriler güncel fotoğraf pratiği ve yeni ivmelenmeyi nasıl değerlendiriyor; öznel yaklaşımlar fotografik olarak nasıl bir yöntem bilim ile karşımıza çıkıyor ve bu yeni ivmelenme neden geç avangart olarak adlandırılıyor?

Race as techno-politico-aesthetic category in the past and present of visual representation

My article extends the thought of thinkers such as Beth Coleman, Wendy Chun, Robin James, and Falguni Sheth, who argue that race is itself a kind of productive technology. I claim that material and epistemological developments in technology served not only to embed race within the Western subject of representation's 'enframing' apparatus (early modernity and the dawn of industrial capitalism), but also served to reveal the embeddedness of race as such (late modernity, the worker’s movement, civil rights and the crisis of representation), thus making it possible to put race on display in the visual arts as a dis/assembling component of the social order. To make my claim, I use Heidegger's theory of the modern world-picture, which frames the limits of visual representation for the modern subject of representation (the European man); but against Heidegger, I claim that the technoscientific means by which the world-picture is developed are the same means by which race is rent from this frame to be critically disassembled during modernity's crisis of representation. I argue that instead of Heidegger's ontology of aesthetics, which understands art as a saving grace from the enframing of the modern world-picture, Deleuze's ontology of the nonrepresentational Figure is preferable; with it, we can understand artworks which are race-critical as aestheticizing the forces of violence or joy from which the racialized Figure emerges.