Crisis Of Legitimacy Research Articles

Reshaping Investor-State Dispute Settlement Before the Next Syndemic

In the midst of a legitimacy crisis in investor-State dispute settlement regime, COVID-19 syndemic may lead States to the perfect storm as a result of the enlargement of the national policy space in order to tackle health, social and economic impacts. Thus, this piece aims to identify measures adopted by Latin American States which may be challenged by foreign investors’ claims. It also addresses the protection of national policy space and argues that the roadmap for reshaping the regime should include the following options: 1) moratorium on pending disputes and restriction on future claims related to Covid-19 measures;2) introduction of counterclaims as a general rule; 3) reference to right to regulate in investment agreements; 4) exclusion of protected areas or policies.

Gender mainstreaming 2.0: emergent gender equality agendas under Sustainable Development Goals

Global governance frameworks have been largely ineffective at advancing gender equality through development cooperation. Gender mainstreaming, understood as a dual strategy comprising initiatives directly targeting gender equality objectives and integrating gender equality agendas across all other areas of policy and practice, remains limited. Based on insight from over 180 development specialists across the multilateral and national contexts of Kenya, Rwanda, and Uganda, this article situates the unachieved agenda of gender mainstreaming in the broader legitimacy crisis of global development. Traditional gender mainstreaming approaches are critiqued as insufficiently oriented towards the broader paradigm shift of global development that gender equality agendas require. Gender equality advocates are, therefore, increasingly leveraging the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (Agenda 2030) as a tool for their broader sector contestation. Through new policy arenas for nationally led development planning and coordination, Agenda 2030 enables cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder exchange in which gender equality advocates engage as more legitimised actors navigating and strategically challenging traditional paradigms of global development. Dubbed gender mainstreaming 2.0, this emergent strategy is embedded in and contributes to new paradigms of global cooperation that valorise local gender expertise and national ownership.

Germany United?

Abstract In the aftermath of unification, studies consistently uncovered differences in trust between citizens of the east and west of Germany. This article examines if this remains the case. It evaluates the trends and individual-level drivers of trust from 1984 to 2018 using data from the German General Social Survey (allbus) showing, first, that Germans are cautiously trusting of institutions, trust is more extensive than at any point since unification, and the differences between the east and west have narrowed; and, second, that trust is shaped by factors that are broadly similar between the two parts of the country. Multivariate models and post-estimation analyses show that trust is steeped in a variety of phenomena, some of which provide it with resilience and durability. The study rejects suggestions that Germany is suffering from a legitimacy crisis and concludes that the project of national integration is more complete than has previously been thought.

Why Police Ethics Matter

When police abuse their duties, it undermines the state's internal security. It creates a crisis of legitimacy of police because people detest them for their abuse and tyranny. In 1957, IACP (the International Association of Chiefs of Police) developed an ethics tool Code of Ethics for law enforcement. Nevertheless, training has been focused and emphasized on techniques and tactics of policing. Ethics is not the part of presell of the training. The Code of Ethics is pronounced once in a life only during pass-out day. Police face dilemmas in real-time situations with people and society. This is why, this article is concerned with ethics a tool, and procedures to reduce police abuse.

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When Bookchin faces Bourdieu. French ‘weak’ municipalism, legitimation crisis and zombie political parties

The French municipal elections of 2020 were marked by the emergence of ‘citizen lists’ in several cities. These lists are discussed here as ‘weak’ form of new municipalism: they integrate some ideas and logics of new municipalism without having the same level of radicality as the most emblematic international examples of the movement. By analysing these initiatives from a political sociology perspective inspired by Bourdieu’s work on the political field, we develop three main arguments. First, new municipalism in France emerged in response to a deepening political crisis. At the local scale, this crisis is fuelling a misalignment between urban societies and political parties that support entrepreneurial agendas. This has laid out the conditions for the emergence of a new municipalism, formed of complex and contradictory new social alliances. Second, this movement has been dominated by a ‘participationist ideology’. Citizens’ lists have placed strong emphasis on the search for innovative participatory tools, but have invested much less energy in the construction of an alternative urban political platform. Third, we underline the unfinished nature of the new municipalism revolution, where the movement’s impetus has been weakened by the resilience of ‘zombie’ political parties. In the end, the article highlights the need to take into greater consideration existing political and institutional contexts in the study of new municipalism.

Audit firm executives under pressure: A discursive analysis of legitimisation and resistance to reform

The UK audit profession is facing a crisis of public trust and legitimacy following a series of high-profile audit failures. This resulted in the executive leadership of UK audit firms being summoned before a House of Commons Select Committee as part of its inquiry into ‘the future of audit’. During this inquiry the audit executives walked a tightrope, to both defend the social contract from an existential threat and attempt to influence policy reforms in their favour. This paper draws on ‘neutralisation techniques’ from deviance theory and the ‘grammar of legitimation’ from legitimacy theory to inform a discursive analysis of how auditors use strategic rhetoric to defend their professionalism and maintain their social contract to operate, all the while attempting to affect policy outcomes to align with their firms’ economic interests. Data for this study are drawn from the ‘oral evidence sessions’ and submitted ‘written evidence’ provided by the audit firm leadership. Our findings illustrate how the auditors construct a variety of strategic rationalisations, couched in moral ideals, to effectively deny responsibility for corporate financial scandals while simultaneously identifying with the ‘victims’ of audit failures and representing themselves ‘heroically’, as indispensable solution-bearers, not problem-causers. Their application of logic and language is cleverly designed to defend existing practices, neutralize the allegations of the inquiry, and provide the basis for advocating preferred policy outcomes. We show how, in this UK regulatory context, the Big Four are again successful in diluting and delaying reform, especially that which would legislate a full legal and economic split of their lucrative advisory service business from their audit business - a union which has grown in prominence in recent decades and been the focus of accusations of conflicted interests detrimental to audit quality. Evaluating legitimacy as a rhetorical and communicative process can aid regulators to render visible the means by which auditors use rhetoric to influence reform, and thereby improve democratic oversight over the profession.

The failure of democracy in Afghanistan

ABSTRACT This article examines the failures of democratization in Afghanistan (2001–2021) after the collapse of the Taliban regime in 2001. Over the last two decades, the Afghan state has experienced major setbacks in its journey of democratic development and statebuilding. This article, therefore, analyzes the pressures facing the state from the crisis of performative legitimacy, fraudulent election processes, political centralization, and state failure and corruption. More specifically, it argues that from the above-mentioned factors when considered, the lack of performative legitimacy played a significant role in the failure of democracy and statebuilding efforts. Towards that goal, each of these areas has been defined through an emphasis on how they relate to the broader challenges of legitimacy building, statebuilding and democratization in the country.

Cuba’s Pandemic Crisis

The COVID-19 pandemic has compounded a crisis of legitimacy for Cuba’s first leader of the post-Castro era. The initial pandemic response, relying on lockdowns, was effective but worsened the country’s economic problems. Then a wave of infections driven by a new variant of the virus overwhelmed the celebrated public health system. Instead of acknowledging citizens’ sacrifices and grievances, the government has sought to discredit dissent. But there have been protests of unprecedented scale, and hundreds of thousands of Cubans have left the country since the borders reopened in late 2021.

Analysis of PT XYZ's Legitimation Crisis and Sustainability Strategy Due to Land Conflict with Communities

This study aims to analyze the crisis of legitimacy and sustainable development of PT XYZ due to land conflicts with the community, by using legitimacy theory as a basis in helping to analyze by giving meaning to the data findings from research results on the influence of land conflicts on the company's legitimacy and sustainable development. This study uses a case study research strategy and a qualitative research approach, using a single unit analysis, namely PT XYZ. The research method used in this study uses a qualitative descriptive method to help describe and explain the findings of the research data through observation, documentation, and interviews which will then be analyzed using content analysis, thematic analysis, and constant comparative analysis. This study reveals the influence of land conflicts on the legitimacy and sustainable development of companies. This study succeeded in revealing legitimacy repairing as a form of corporate legitimacy crisis, and found that the strategy adopted by companies based on legitimacy theory is a general strategy of "avoid overreaction/don't panic" and a pragmatic legitimacy strategy of "deny", "create monitors". This research is different from previous research because this research was conducted to look at it from an internal company perspective by using primary and secondary data to overcome the limitations of previous research that came from online disclosure media such as company websites and online news as well as conducting observations, documentation and direct interviews with companies.

Messy Leadership: Interrupting Marketplace Responses to Leadership in Learning and Teaching

Excellence, professional development, and educational leadership – all of these terms can be seen as unstable, dereferentialised, or empty signifiers - as their meaning (or the work they do) is not fixed. However, in spite of this, they have become ‘part and parcel’ of educational leadership in the Enlightenment institutions of the ‘not so’ modern universities and schools, which are in ruins. These terms are products of what Foucault (1977) termed regimes of truth, and they have become focused on meeting the perceived needs of the neoliberal marketplace. In this paper I address the regime of truth that is entitled: – Educational Leadership. Some have called this turn the ‘Learning Paradigm’ or the ‘Learnification’ of higher education. In order to reveal how this move is made possible, I have drawn upon the work of Hargreaves (1998) and Cary (2004) to investigate this epistemological construction with an increasing sense of urgency. Indeed, as a cis-gendered white woman and leader in learning and teaching I have turned back to the poststructural feminist theoretical understandings that informed my earliest work to theorise what ‘messy leadership’ might look like in this space, as a strategic move to work within/against these external reductive forces. We need to interrupt totalizing and exclusivist regimes of truth and I believe Messy Leadership has the potential to contribute to this. This helps move the discussion into the current context which I suggest is a major ‘legitimation crisis’. Sadly, this historic moment has revealed not only how unstable the notion of educational leadership is, but also how the current moves at work to stabilize and constrain leadership can be seen as a marketplace response. Finally, I suggest it is time to address the elephant in the room - if educational leadership is unstable and in crisis, how might we make use of a Messy Leadership to interrupt specific regimes of truth? As Manalansan (2014) reminds us, ““mess is seen not as aberrant but rather as constitutive of social realities and systems” (p. 99). By bringing this lens to our leadership work we can reveal the technologies of power at play, interrupt exclusive and reductionist understandings and create new spaces in leadership. We need to ensure previously erased stories and subjects are made visible and celebrated. This grounded approach to understand leadership ‘from below’, to listen carefully and constructively and to reorienting our stance as leaders has the potential to produce significant shifts in what it means to lead, by interrupting the masculinist dominant subjectivities of educational leadership.

Crisis of democratic legitimacy of the decision-making process of the Union and the role of the European Parliament

This paper seeks to examine the related issues and open discussions relating to the proposal to recognize the power/legislative right for requesting initiative in the European Parliament. The crisis of legitimacy of the Union has been noticed for some time and the requests for strengthening the decision-making process in a more democratic way by acting on the so-called legitimacy input needs an intervention on the agenda setter function but also through the related tools of democracy that we already know: citizens' initiative, petitions. We need a synergistic, analogue relationship between the institutions involved in the legislative decision-making sector but above all the spirit of the integrative history of the Union, the Treaties on the Union and representative and the participatory democracy as fundamental rights of the future of the EU.&#x0D;

Geographies of devaluation: Spatialities of the German coal exit

This article analyzes the geographies of the German coal exit by looking at the spatial dimensions of coal devaluation. It argues that while the Energiewende has been described as having a national origin, central triggers of the national coal exit agreement have to do with devaluation pressures created by the combination of global relations in the fuel markets, the territorial bordering of electricity and carbon markets at the European Union level, and place-based and multiscalar anticoal networks. The role of place-based resistance to the past, relational, expected, and imaginary concomitant forms of devaluation in lignite regions is also described as a key spatial barrier to the German coal phase-out. It will be shown that the emergence of a coal exit agreement, which represents a national fix to address not only existing market devaluation forces, but also a double legitimacy crisis for the government, was based on spatially uneven relations. The German case is relevant for the geographies of energy transitions for showing how multispatial strategies, the spatial organization of energy markets, and the territorial regulation of energy systems shape the possibilities for the devaluation needed to accelerate the pace of the fossil fuels phase-out.

Hegemonic world orders, distributional (in)justice and global social change

Abstract Focusing on the relationship between distributional justice and hegemonic world orders, this article turns attention to a fundamental contradiction in historical capitalism between profitability and legitimacy that manifests itself in successive creative destructions of hegemonic orders. Through a comparative–historical analysis of world hegemonies, I show that increasing distributional injustices during periods of ‘legitimacy crisis’ compel new hegemonic powers to pragmatically address some of these injustices as a part of their hegemony-building strategies. Despite growing efforts by world hegemonic powers to address such distributional injustices, social and global inequalities in the capitalist world-economy tend to increase over time. As social and global inequalities increase, new hegemonic powers are compelled to make greater promises and to undertake much greater efforts to address distributional injustices in order to gain intellectual and moral leadership in an emergent new world order. Yet, none of these efforts become successful in the long run because even the partial successes of redistribution policies pave the way for ‘profitability crises’ and undermined world hegemonies. This dynamic poses several challenges to achieving global distributional justice in an emergent new capitalist world order.

Political justice in a complex global order: rethinking pluralist legitimacy

Abstract Principles of global political justice define how global society's governing institutional powers should be constituted, and by whom they should be exercised. Political justice seeks to establish political legitimacy under moral constraint—achieved through forms of governance function, political inclusion and political participation that respect the equal autonomy of all individuals within the global order as a whole. Over the last century, the dominant institutional model of political justice has been liberal internationalist. But erosion of the territorial and national boundaries of state-based political governance, accelerated by processes of ‘globalization’, has produced deepening legitimacy crises in the liberal international order. This article addresses this challenge by assessing what normative framework of political justice is best suited to the new global era of complex interdependence. Drawing on claims articulated by real-world global justice activists, it argues for a normative theoretical critique and reconstruction of the idea of pluralist legitimacy—replacing the familiar liberal internationalist model of pluralist legitimacy with a more complex variant of global pluralist legitimacy. This analysis contributes a cohesive conceptual framework for understanding the normative significance of diverse contemporary global legitimacy crises and activist justice claims that may otherwise appear disparate. In doing so, it illuminates the role played by justice ideals in guiding trajectories of change within the dynamic global political order.

Crisis of Legitimacy and Community Mobilization in Health: A Case Study in Burkina Faso

The objective aim of this article is to understand the low level of community mobilization for health by questioning the legitimacy of the Community-Level Health Committees (CLHCs) and their leaders. In other words, it will focus on the process of judging the CLHCs and their leaders by the local population, identifying and analyzing all the elements that serve as references for the construction of their legitimacy. Data were collected from 9 CLHCs’ members and 60 heads of households recruited in three villages, through individual interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and entered into Word files. Data processing was done using NVIVO10 software. The results of the study indicate that the CLHCs, which are supposed to facilitate community mobilization, do not work like they are supposed to do. As an effect of this situation, the populations do not trust the CLHCs and its first officials. Through analysis, we note that the criteria used for their implementation did not take into account the real needs and expectations of the communities. This community structure does not have the expected support. Both their composition and their mode of operation did not meet the social norms and aspirations of the populations. The CLHCs were not perceived as community structures that help to improve the conditions of access to health care, but rather as a mechanism put in place by health agents with the complicity of certain members of the population so as to use the resources of the health facilities for their own interests. Hence the lack of trust in them.

ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ПРЕСТУПНОСТЬ В СИСТЕМЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ: СПЕЦИФИКА И ВЛИЯНИЕ НА БЕЗОПАСНОСТЬ

Economic crime in the system of public administration of the Russian Federation in the context of the special military operation and confrontation with the NATO bloc is becoming a critical factor determining the state security of the country, as it affects not only the efficiency of economic processes, but also political stability in general. The purpose of the article is to analyze the phenomenon of official crime in the field of public service. The main hypothesis: malfeasance causes not only material damage to the state, undermining its state power and disorganizing the system of public administration, but also reputational damage, undermining the legitimacy of state power. A crisis of legitimacy is dangerous because it can lead to severe internal political conflicts. Results of the work: the dynamics of official crime for 2000–2022 was studied and it was concluded that only after 2012 it was possible to reverse the negative trend toward an increase in its level, which occurred thanks to the introduction of more effective countermeasures.

Легітимність влади: чинники детермінації у повоєнній Україні

In the center of the article is an analysis of the transformation of Ukrainians and our civil society during the first year of the full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war, conducted by the author with the aim of determining the possible limits of the format of the post-war normalization of the defects of Ukrainian democracy. Among the defects is the functioning of power, which gains the influence due to the electoral procedures of electoral democracies, but does not receive final legitimation due to the lack or even absence of public trust. The political product of the crisis of legitimacy of power in transit Ukrainian democracy is a weak state with dual institutions and an asthenic state of Ukrainian society with a dual national identity. The full-scale Russian-Ukrainian war created unique grounds (for the first time in 30 years after the renewal of Ukrainian independence) for the localization of the influence of the crisis of the legitimacy of power on the Ukrainian political system. The value evolution of Ukrainians, the active formation of national and civil identities, the unification of society, the formation of high level of trust of Ukrainians to the authorities, and the acquisition of new experiences by civil society – all these factors give hope for the formation and implementation of conventional instruments for overcoming crises and, accordingly, for the active promotion of Ukrainian democracy towards consolidation. The author notes that the qualitative construction of anti-crisis policies for the nearest future requires avoiding voluntarism when assessing the modernization potential of society, which determines the reforming potential of civil society. An objective look at modern Ukrainians forces us to recognize the fact that we have preserved a certain value dichotomy, certainly in much smaller sizes than on the eve of February 24, 2022. The axiological specificity of modern Ukrainians will also determine the post-war opportunities of civil society. Therefore, civil society will be active in the areas of supporting reforms, resuming all democratic procedures and processes after the end of hostilities, and actively formation of a new culture of discourse within the country. Advocacy of liberal democracy requires the participation of an exogenous actor.

Voice versus Rights: The First Nations Voice and the Australian Constitutional Legitimacy Crisis

Voice versus Rights: The First Nations Voice and the Australian Constitutional Legitimacy Crisis

The investor-state arbitration legitimacy crisis: Could AI be its future savior (or resurrector)?

The investor-state arbitration legitimacy crisis: Could AI be its future savior (or resurrector)?