Supply Crisis Research Articles

Selecting and Developing Professionals

This study aims to examine Selecting and Developing Professionals. The research method used is library research. In collecting data, the factual study method was used. The results of the research from selecting and developing professionals were allegations of a teacher supply crisis, teacher recruitment and selection, teacher induction, teacher development, teacher retention, leadership recruitment and selection and leadership preparation and induction. This factual review (analysis) section focuses on the selection and development of two groups of staff, namely teachers and school principals. Learning organizations are meant to be inclusive, so all staff should be selected and developed with equal care. However, human resources are limited and it is undeniable that some categories of staff tend to have a greater impact on student learning than others. Principals have a variety of structures available to them that reflect organizational interests as well as individual interests.

Finding Global Liquefied Natural Gas Potential Trade Relations Based on Improved Link Prediction

Unstable factors such as international relations, geopolitics, and transportation routes make natural gas trade complex and changeable. Diversified and flexible sources of liquefied natural gas (LNG) can guarantee the energy supply security of natural gas-consuming countries. Therefore, it is very important to find potential natural gas trade links to help the government find potential partners and prepare strategically in advance. In this paper, the global LNG network is taken as the research object. In order to fully consider the importance of nodes and the influence of economic and political factors, the “centrality degree” and “node attraction degree” are added into the link prediction algorithm, and multifactor coupling is carried out. The reliability of the improved algorithm is verified using the area under the curve (AUC) evaluation index, and the prediction results are analyzed. The results are as follows: Trinidad, Russia, Algeria, Nigeria, Angola, and Equatorial Guinea (Eq. Guinea) are more likely to establish new LNG trading relationships with other countries. For all potential trade relationships, potential relations involving the above countries are more likely to be realized within 5 years, while potential relations involving China, India, Japan, and South Korea are more likely to be realized within 2 years. China, India, and South Korea are more likely to import LNG from Algeria, and Taiwan Province is more likely to import LNG from Algeria, Angola, Eq. Guinea, and America. On the basis of the above study, states and governments can give priority to the above countries and regions when dealing with the possible LNG supply crisis.

Development of a multicriteria model for crises in urban water supply and its application to the case of Brasilia, Brazil.

The expansion of urban water supply crisis (UWC) cases, a context characterized by an inadequate ratio between water consumption and supply capacity, has motivated researchers to search for tools to solve the problem. The objective of this study is to develop a multicriteria tool to help select the solution alternative for UWC cases. The tool (called UWC-MCDA) is based on obtaining consensus on various multicriteria methods for selecting alternatives to solve UWC cases. The proposed methodology consists of the following steps: (1) defining the criteria, (2) defining weights, (3) defining the alternative, (4) defining multicriterial decision support methods, (5) coding the UWC solution alternative selection model, (6) evaluation of the model coding, (7) application of the model coding, and (8) sensitivity analysis. The methods PROMETHEE II, TOPSIS, ELECTRE III, and Consensus ranking are used. The case study considered was the Administrative Region of Brasilia, in the Federal District of Brazil. A multicriteria tool to help select the solution alternative for UWC cases was developed in an easy-to-use environment (Visual Basic for Applications, MS Excel). The UWC-MCDA is able to identify and prioritize, among a set of possible alternatives, the most appropriate solution for the case in question. For the case study, the UWC-MCDA indicated the best alternatives for regulating water consumption, strengthening sanitation service operators and good water conservation practices. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:99-113. © 2022 SETAC.

From Ideas to Impact: The Process and Promise of Democratized Innovation in Healthcare

Decentralized, distributed systems of innovation and production are becoming ever more economically and strategically important. This has prompted a surge of interest among strategy and organizations scholars, with rich bodies of work emerging around open innovation, platforms, ecosystems, the sharing economy, user innovation, and more. One recent, yet understudied manifestation of this broader trend is the maker movement, which refers to collaborative communities of amateur and professional fabricators and tinkerers that have emerged over the past two decades. The goal of this symposium is to explore the technologies and practices associated with this community from a processual perspective, specifically in the context of healthcare innovation. We do so by showcasing cutting-edge unpublished work from top scholars publishing in the areas of technology, organizational learning, and entrepreneurship. These papers adopt different theoretical perspectives and levels of analysis to explore a set of closely-related, under-researched, and important questions: How can teams use “democratizing” technologies to identify new opportunities, and how can emergent organizations enact those ideas to create value? How do distributed, collaborative network structures emerge, and how does knowledge flow through them over time? Collectively, these papers draw insights from user innovation and the maker movement context to advance research and theory on entrepreneurship, legitimacy, ecosystems, and organizational emergence. Following the four papers, an expert discussant will synthesize emergent insights, and we will conclude with an exercise in “democratized innovation” of our own, using a group exercise to crowdsource a collective future research agenda. How maker tools can accelerate ideation Presenter: Sarah Lebovitz; U. of Virginia Pandemic makers: Emergent networks of citizen crisis response Presenter: Russell E. Browder; U. of Oklahoma Price College of Business Presenter: Angela Forgues; U. of Wisconsin Presenter: Stella Seyb; U. of Oklahoma Presenter: Howard Aldrich; U. of North Carolina Emergence of a grassroots ecosystem in response to the PPE supply crisis Presenter: Douglas Hannah; Boston U. Presenter: Ya-Ching Huang; Boston U. Stoking the flames of innovation: Differential knowledge contributions in medical imaging Presenter: Uisung David Park; Syracuse U. Presenter: Shinjinee Chattopadhyay; U. of Illinois Presenter: Sonali Shah; U. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Implementation of national blood conservation recommendations at an adult sickle cell center

Due to the national blood supply crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the American Society of Hematology proposed guidance to decrease blood utilization for sickle cell patients on chronic transfusion therapy (CTT). Little evidence exists to support the efficacy and safety of these blood conservation strategies. Through retrospective analysis, we sought to describe outcomes following implementation of these recommendations in 58 adult sickle cell patients on chronic exchange transfusions. The strategies employed included: relaxing the goal fraction of cells remaining (FCR) to 30%-50%, utilizing depletion exchanges in select patients, and transitioning select patients to monthly simple transfusions. We compared hemoglobin S%, hemoglobin values, and other laboratory parameters, acute care visits, and red blood cell usage during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic to the year prior using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Of 53 patients who remained on chronic exchanges during the pandemic, use of depletion exchange increased (15%-23%) and FCR increased (34.9 [SD 4.7] vs. 37.6 [SD 4.5], p< .05). These changes resulted in 854 units conserved without clinically significant changes to pre-exchange laboratory parameters, including hemoglobin S%, or number of acute care presentations. In contrast, five patients who transitioned to predominantly simple transfusions, experienced difficulty maintaining hemoglobin S% less than 30 and worsening anemia. Our data suggest that in a blood shortage crisis, optimizing the exchange procedure itself may be the safest means of conserving blood in a population of adult patients with sickle cell disease.

«Bread Poverty» as a Factor of Destabilization in the Olonets «New Order» Regiments in the 1660s

The article examines the problems of the food supply system of the Russian army during the Russo-Polish War of 1654–1667. An attempt is made to reveal the degree of dependence of the increased scale of desertion among soldiers in the Olo-&#x0D; nets «new order» regiments from the supply crisis of the early 1660s. The study applies a historical and genetic method, as well asa comparative method. The author argues that the maximum aggravation of relations between soldiers and the command in 1662 was largely due to the negative consequences of the monetary reform of the middle of the 17th century and the late payment of bread and monetary salaries. Moreover, inconsistent government policy on the soldiers of OlonetskyUyezd&#x0D; provoked a sharp increase in the number of soldiers desertingfrom the army. The measures taken by the authorities to suppress the impoverishment of the soldiers&#x0D; came to failure. The fight against desertion took various forms, but it was also not possible to stop desertion from the regiments.

Priority setting for Canadian Take-Home Naloxone best practice guideline development: an adapted online Delphi method

BackgroundTake-Home Naloxone (THN) is a core intervention aimed at addressing the toxic illicit opioid drug supply crisis. Although THN programs are available in all provinces and territories throughout Canada, there are currently no standardized guidelines for THN programs. The Delphi method is a tool for consensus building often used in policy development that allows for engagement of stakeholders.MethodsWe used an adapted anonymous online Delphi method to elicit priorities for a Canadian guideline on THN as a means of facilitating meaningful stakeholder engagement. A guideline development group generated a series of key questions that were then brought to a 15-member voting panel. The voting panel was comprised of people with lived and living experience of substance use, academics specializing in harm reduction, and clinicians and public health professionals from across Canada. Two rounds of voting were undertaken to score questions on importance for inclusion in the guideline.ResultsNine questions that were identified as most important include what equipment should be in THN kits, whether there are important differences between intramuscular and intranasal naloxone administration, how stigma impacts access to distribution programs, how effective THN programs are at saving lives, what distribution models are most effective and equitable, storage considerations for naloxone in a community setting, the role of CPR and rescue breathing in overdose response, client preference of naloxone distribution program type, and what aftercare should be provided for people who respond to overdoses.ConclusionsThe Delphi method is an equitable consensus building process that generated priorities to guide guideline development.

Electricity challenges in Nigeria: Renewable energy a way forward

The present crisis of electricity supply in Nigeria is adversely affecting its economy. The population is growing and life is getting more difficult for the citizens. Nigeria is rich in renewable energy sources, such as solar, biomass, thermal, wind, geothermal, tidal, hydro, biogas, wave, and ocean energy. However, less than 25% of the renewable energy potentials have been utilized. A critical investment in a renewable energy sector will not only solve electricity related problems but also help to achieve social-economy development in the country. In addition, renewable energy projects will help to provide jobs for the youth and create new investment opportunities for the people.

Water Filter Operating on Solar System

In this paper, we highlight the effects of contaminated water on humans as well as the crisis of water supply and distribution of potable water in many areas of developing countries. While water is the most important substance on earth and a primary human need, contaminated water can cause and spread diseases. It is, therefore, necessary to ensure that water is purified and decontaminated for daily use at a low cost. The design of solar-powered water purification systems is thus regarded as an important means of producing clean water. Solar energy poses no polluting effect and has become a dependable energy source for usage. The design of a solar-powered water purification system is based totally on the thermal method by using the thermal heating system principle which converts sunlight rays into heat. The most vital aspect is the absorption of heat to induce evaporation of water. Research shows that flat plate collectors produce heat at relatively low temperatures (27°C to 60°C) and are commonly used to heat liquids. A solar-powered water purification system consists of a solar collector that absorbs sunlight to ensure vaporisation, which is the first stage of purifying and a filter that removes contaminants. Four different concepts have been developed. A detailed description of the components and the operation of the systems constitute the main contribution of this paper.

Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic blood supply crisis.

Lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic blood supply crisis.

Supply chain transparency for sustainability – an intervention-based research approach

PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has impacted all manufacturing sectors from basic products to luxury goods including the automobile industry. This has necessitated a new line of research on competency building, transparency, and sustainability in automotive supply chains. In this study, the authors examine the competencies required to improve the automotive supply chain routine operations to address the parts supply crisis from multitier suppliers in the post-COVID-19 environment. The authors also propose a list of competencies required in the automotive supply chains to deploy the transparency for sustainability (TfS) framework on a long-term basis.Design/methodology/approachThe authors have adapted a cross-case study process using intervention-based research and a design science approach for use in this study and used multiple sources for data collection such as published literature, operational experience, and critical opinions of original equipment manufacturer representatives. The research design includes interviews with global OEMs practitioners as one of the relevant sources of information.FindingsThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak on automotive manufacturing operations and global supply chains is unprecedented. The TfS framework cycle has been validated using the real-world semiconductor supply crisis which deals with multitier sustainable supply chain management (MTSSCM), and the authors found that there are competency gaps when compared with existing literature. The list of key competencies identified along with the formulation of design propositions to facilitate both the supply crisis and collaboration among automotive firms to enhance their business performance were also presented.Research limitations/implicationsThe COVID-19 pandemic is impacting the automobile sector significantly. This situation has created many opportunities and obstacles, but this paper only considers the automotive semi-conductor shortage situation, which may be resolved in the near future when there are more installed capacities. Therefore, it is unclear whether the proposed responses will result in long-term solutions. Further adjustments may be needed to revisit the TfS framework. The research paper only addresses the automotive side of the current supply crisis, but more sustainability issues may arise in the future, which need to be dealt with separately.Practical implicationsResearch findings may prove particularly interesting to global automotive vehicle manufacturers, suppliers and policy makers who are seeking to understand multitier supply networks to resolve the current challenges associated with the post-COVID-19 pandemic situation.Originality/valueIn addition to contributing to developing competency requirements, this study enhances the evolving research stream of MTSSCM by linking it to wider research applications of intervention-based research coupled with design science.

Simulation Analysis of Supply Crisis Propagation Based on Global Nickel Industry Chain

Nickel is a key metal in the low-carbon transition. The industrial chain is a chain network organization system composed of various layers from the initial production of raw materials to the final product sales. The intensified contradiction between supply and demand can easily lead to the problem of resource supply security, and the occurrence of supply shortages will endanger the healthy and orderly development of the whole industrial chain. Therefore, from the perspective of the industrial chain and based on the trade data related to the nickel industrial chain, this study first constructs a multi-layer network model of the nickel industrial chain, and analyzes its trade structure characteristics and the correlation between different layers. It is found that the export policies of resource exporting countries may influence trade structure characteristics. On this basis, a multi-layer network crisis propagation model of the nickel industrial chain is constructed to simulate the impact and its propagation path of Indonesia supply shock on the entire industrial chain. With the increase of supply shock in Indonesia, the impact of crisis gradually concentrates to the downstream. Along the industrial chain, the number of affected countries gradually increases, but the difference in the impact degree gradually decreases. In addition, there are certain differences in countries affected by crisis at different layers of the industrial chain, and the crisis spreads mainly from China and Japan to the countries in midstream and downstream. The research results can provide corresponding policy suggestions for countries involved in the nickel trade.

Performance indicators of water supply network of Goma Township in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a tripartite assessment

In Goma Township, the water supply system has become ineffective and insufficient against the background of an increasing population with high water demand. A study was therefore carried out to assess the water supply network of Goma Township using three performances indicators with a view to proposing possible solutions to the existing water supply challenges. The methodology involved the assessment and evaluation of the water production, the physical characteristics, and the hydraulic characteristics of the current water supply network. The research utilized secondary data comprising technical reports from review of the literature, GIS data sets, and a database of the existing network converted into an EPANET model to assess its performances. The results generally showed a low performance of the current water supply system (production capacity: 11%, hydraulic characteristic: 33%, physical characteristic: 71%) mainly related to the water demand which has outpaced the water supply capacity and several design issues. The methodology used in this study and the results obtained can be used not only for Goma Township but also by other Sub-Saharan African cities in order to solve the urban water supply crisis.

Food Supply Chain Shocks and the Pivot Toward Local: Lessons From the Global Pandemic

Studies of how consumers acquired food provisions during the COVID-19 lockdown indicate that some US consumers and institutional provisioners pivoted to locally produced food. In some locations local food system organizations, along with state governments, created the infrastructure to enable this pivot. Research on this phenomenon—what we call “the local pivot”—has been extensive. However, evidence collected so far has mostly been reports of case studies looking at particular communities. Using Google Trends and Twitter data, we examine whether “the local pivot” was evident as a general trend in the US during the depth of the COVID-19 food supply crisis in 2020, and whether places with high local food infrastructure allowed more people to pivot to local food provisioning. Our Google Trends analysis indicated a temporary rise in searches for local food. However, we found very little discussion of local food systems on Twitter. We then compared three states with a “high,” “medium,” and “low” local food infrastructure based on the Union of Concerned Scientists rankings. We found a weak but positive relationship between places that were classified as high local food system infrastructure and a pivot toward local food reflected on Twitter. We did, however, find strong support for local restaurant businesses during this period on Twitter, although this support did not necessarily reflect a local food system pivot. We acknowledge that Twitter results are not generalizable to the entire population: local food system actors may not be using Twitter in their interactions, so Twitter activity may not reflect local food system activity in general, or COVID food sourcing behavior in particular. However, our results do indicate the need for more research on whether or not the evidence of a pivot to local food systems during COVID in the United States reflected a larger national movement or occurred in just a few scattered communities. Further research on this topic can help ascertain the ability of local food system infrastructure to provide a resilient response to future global food supply chain crises.

Suitability Prediction and Enhancement of Future Water Supply Systems in Barwon Region in Victoria, Australia

Intensive agricultural production accompanied by the climate change impacts in post-Colonial rural landscapes have continuously increased the demand for water resources and coastal areas, showing an unprecedented water supply crisis. By taking extreme weather conditions and rainfall events for future trends, a resilient water storage facility for the landscape requires the collaborative approach of natural systems and simulation modelling techniques to develop sustainable future scenarios. In this study, an ecological suitability model is used to identify potential sites for the construction of multi-purpose dams. As part of the model structure, multi factors are classified using the patterns of changing landscapes, and then weighted overlay analysis is conducted on a Geographic Information System (GIS) platform. Compared to previous studies, this paper derives its principal impact parameters and projections based on historical land cover information. The suitability maps that are generated visually guide the geographical location of the multi-purpose dams and indicate the areas from highly suitable to least suitable, clarifying the possibility of building blue infrastructure alongside the waterways in west-central Barwon. The workflow proposes a resilient water system based on existing land characteristics and measures that future water storage capacity will be a valid increase of approximately 1.5 times. This strategy alleviates water scarcity during the dry season to benefit traditional agricultural activities. Digital calculations are utilized to demonstrate the feasibility of the experimental results, providing a methodology for regulating the distribution and supply of river flows throughout the year while retaining runoff in a hierarchical pattern at precipitation periods.

First clinical-grade porcine kidney xenotransplant using a human decedent model

A radical solution is needed for the organ supply crisis, and the domestic pig is a promising organ source. In preparation for a clinical trial of xenotransplantation, we developed an in vivo pre-clinical human model to test safety and feasibility tenets established in animal models. After performance of a novel, prospective compatible crossmatch, we performed bilateral native nephrectomies in a human brain-dead decedent and subsequently transplanted two kidneys from a pig genetically engineered for human xenotransplantation. The decedent was hemodynamically stable through reperfusion, and vascular integrity was maintained despite the exposure of the xenografts to human blood pressure. No hyperacute rejection was observed, and the kidneys remained viable until termination 74h later. No chimerism or transmission of porcine retroviruses was detected. Longitudinal biopsies revealed thrombotic microangiopathy that did not progress in severity, without evidence of cellular rejection or deposition of antibody or complement proteins. Although the xenografts produced variable amounts of urine, creatinine clearance did not recover. Whether renal recovery was impacted by the milieu of brain death and/or microvascular injury remains unknown. In summary, our study suggests that major barriers to human xenotransplantation have been surmounted and identifies where new knowledge is needed to optimize xenotransplantation outcomes in humans.

Chemical Composition Data of the Main Stages of Copper Production from Sulfide Minerals in Chile: A Review to Assist Circular Economy Studies

The mining industry has faced significant challenges to maintaining copper production technically, economically, and environmentally viable. Some of the major limitations that must be overcome in the coming years are the copper ore grade decline due to its intense exploitation, the increasing requirements for environmental protection, and the need to expand and construct new tailings dams. Furthermore, the risk of a supply crisis of critical metals, such as antimony and bismuth, has prompted efforts to increase their extraction from secondary resources in copper production. Therefore, improving conventional processes and developing new technologies is crucial to satisfying the world’s metal demands, while respecting the policies of environmental organizations. Hence, it is essential that the chemical composition of each copper production stage is known for conducting these studies, which may be challenging due to the huge variability of concentration data concerning the ore extraction region, the process type, and the operational conditions. This paper presents a review of chemical composition data of the main stages of copper production from sulfide minerals, such as (1) copper minerals, (2) flotation tailings, (3) flotation concentrates, (4) slags and (5) flue dust from the smelting/converting stage, (6) copper anodes, (7) anode slimes, (8) contaminated electrolytes from the electrorefining stage, (9) electrolytes cleaned by ion-exchange resins, and (10) elution solutions from the resins. In addition, the main contributions of recent works on copper production are summarized herein. This study is focused on production sites from Chile since it is responsible for almost one-third of the world’s copper production.

Modeling and Optimization of Water–Food–Energy Nexus for Malaysia’s Agricultural Sector

The water–food–energy (WFE) nexus is a strategic system that integrates different separated sectors by using their interconnectedness to reduce trade-offs and allow sustainable development by preventing future resource insecurity. Traditionally, the water, energy, and food sectors operate individually and result in different challenges such as resource scarcity, conflicts in the uses of upstream and downstream hydro systems, and power supply crises due to serious water pollution. Reports so far have only implemented the WFE nexus in countries and cities outside of Malaysia. In addition, there is yet to be a model in literature revolving only on optimizing the agricultural sector’s resources distribution. Hence, this paper aims to develop the first systematic and integrated model for optimal planning of resource allocation in Malaysia’s agricultural sector. The novelty and contribution of this research could be concluded as: (1) multi-objective planning incorporating economic and environmental factors such as economic benefits and carbon emission limit, (2) focusing on the agricultural sector considering geologically-specific crops, livestock, and residents, (3) considering the potential waste recycle systems including wastewater treatment and biomass treatment. The superstructure framework developed based on the case study in Perak, Malaysia aids the implementation of the WFE nexus system locally where trade-offs and synergies between the different sub-units are modelled. From the results, it can be concluded that irrigated paddy crops could contribute to a higher profit compared to palm oil and rubber crops. Thus, future development can be focused on irrigated paddy crops while meeting other constraints and demands to ensure the resources are optimally utilized. The multi-objective optimization solved using MINIMAX algorithm also provides decision-makers with a guideline on how to implement WFE nexus locally in the agricultural sector.

Engineering strategies towards the cataclysmic impacts of Urbanisation on water resources sustainability

This research deemed it necessary to investigate the cataclysmic effects of urbanization on water resources because of the indispensability of this natural resource to the existence of human life. Urbanisation geared up activities which created challenges such as population explosion, high rate of crime, increased temperature, global warming, scarcity of water supply, flooding, erosion, energy supply crisis, steam/river extinction and increased waste generation. Water resources are adversely affected in many forms and dimensions and this work was able to evolve engineering strategies which when applied can improve the water resources and enhance its sustainability capacity. The research opined that the construction of incinerators, landfills and waste stabilization ponds, drainage channel development and adjustment, effective water management, small hydropower stations, structural delineation of green belt and ripararian zones and construction of retention ponds will go a long way to place the water resources in the urban cities on a sustainable path. These measures and approaches have the capacity to curb and /or bring the cataclysmic effects of urbanization on water resources to the barest minimum.

The multiplex network structure of global cobalt industry chain

During the transition of energy system to clean energy, energy security challenges shift from crude oil to critical minerals such as cobalt. Understanding the global cobalt industry chain thus has become a new challenge in the coming era of clean energy. In this study, we construct a multiplex network model and analyze the multiplex structure features of the global cobalt industry chain, which are our main innovations. Results show that (1) trade complexity in upstream network is the lowest compared with middle-stream network and downstream network; (2) most economies only participate in one or two stages of cobalt industry chain, while a few economies participate in the whole chain and own the global influences; (3) Mainland of China, USA, Germany, United Kingdom, and Spain are the systemic importance nodes for the global cobalt industry chain. These results provide a knowledge base for future studies on the cascading failure of supply crisis in the multiplex network of the global cobalt industry chain.