Criminological Perspective Research Articles

Decolonising the curriculum: students’ perspectives in criminology

ABSTRACT Building on the recent intensified calls to decolonise the curriculum in higher education in the UK and beyond, and on my modest initiatives amongst some colleagues, this paper explores the impact of the dominant Eurocentric curriculum on minoritised ethnic students, and their perspectives of our decolonising initiatives, with the aim of refining them. To do so, I exercise ‘affective awareness’, and ‘decolonial reflexivity’, working with my discomforts whilst engaging with 10 minoritised ethnic students in criminology purposively selected to participate in semi-structured interviews after completing self-administered questionnaires. Based on the findings of this work, I argue that for ‘decolonising the curriculum’ beyond the box-ticking exercise, it should involve more than broadening the canon and revising reading lists. It should engage in an uncomfortable unpacking of asymmetrical power relationships and a shift in the practices of knowledge production, in ways that include the students’ perspective more closely.

Domestic Violence in the Criminology and Victimology Perspectives: Case Study in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara

The state controls the interaction of family members within the scope of the household through Law Number 23 of 2004 on the Elimination of Domestic Violence. Domestic violence cases often happen in Kupang City, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. This paper analyzes domestic violence in the criminology and victimology perspectives. This study uses the qualitative method with an empirical juridical approach. Based on the results of the discussion, in the criminological perspective, domestic violence is a crime in the form of an expression of physical or verbal strength that reflects aggressive actions and attacks one’s freedom or dignity. In the perspective of victimology, the role of the victim is the basis for the emergence of violence, which impacts the physical, psychological, and social aspects. In Kupang, domestic violence cases are usually triggered by victims, i.e. provocative victims. Thus, both victims and perpetrators are responsible. While in other cases, the position of the victim as the basis for the emergence of domestic violence does not exist at all.

Who can organize and exercise effective resistance? A southern criminology perspective on the victimology of state crime

More than 75 million people were killed in wars, dictatorships and civil conflicts in the 20th century alone. To date, states and international organizations have been regarded as the reliable entities for addressing these atrocities. However, these agencies are often perpetrators (or bystanders) that even deny their crimes. Based on a southern criminology approach, the article examines whether challenging atrocities becomes more feasible if organizations led by the victim-survivors themselves take precedence over established state-based or international entities. The key hypothesis is that the degree of effective resistance is directly related to the degree of victims’ involvement in the process. Moreover, this article will go beyond the state of the art (based on victim participation) by advocating a victim-driven model, where victims’ networks play a leading role that is independent from the state and international organizations.

Kajian Hukum Terhadap Anak Yang Melakukan Tindak Pidana Narkotika Dalam Perspektif Kriminologi Studi di Polresta Deli Serdang

This study aims to find out the causal factors, modus operandi and prevention efforts of children who commit narcotics crimes in the perspective of criminology in Deli Serdang Police.. This research uses normative legal methods by using a normative juridical approach (Legal Reseach) to obtain secondary data conducted by research and interview, to obtain primary data through library materials and invitees. The results showed that the legal study of children who commit narcotics crimes in the perspective of criminology, based on indicators are as follows: First, the causative factors of narcotics crimes committed by children are internal factors (factors obtained by children from the family and from within the child themselves and external factors (factors obtained from the environment, association, economic situation and cultural influences abroad). Second, the modus operandi carried out by children in committing narcotics crimes is carried out in groups and individuals, the child can use narcotics by lying to parents in terms of material (pocket money) to commit criminal acts of theft. Third, the efforts and prevention so that narcotics crimes committed by children are not repeated through the existence of legal policies consisting of repressive and preventive efforts by the Deli Serdang Police.

The Construction of Lithuanian Prison Sentence Assumptions in Critical Criminology Perspective: an Analysis of the Goals of Imprisonment

The declared aims of custodial sentencing worldwide and in Lithuania are to protect society from crime and reduce recidivism; it is agreed that these aims can be achieved only when the duration of imprisonment is devoted to the prisoner’s gradual return to society (UNODC 2015). However, the newest Lithuanian strategic documents note that the sentencing system does not promote the change of prisoners’ criminal habits, offender resocialization is fragmented, and prison staff carries out offender protection and surveillance, not resocialization and social help (LR Vyriausybė 2021b). By building upon the ideas of social constructionism tradition (Berger and Luckmann 1999) and critical criminology (Christie 1999; Hulsman 1997; Quinney 2004; Mathiesen 2006), this paper analyzes the aims of custodial sentencing in the context of Lithuanian penal system’s reform and specifies possible implementational problems of declared aims of imprisonment. Document analysis showed that the raising and naming of imprisonment problems are conditioned by the commitment to international organizations and projects, as well as the cascading aims of the Lithuanian political agenda. In Lithuania, the purposes of custodial sentencing continue to be relatively general and instrumental. They are used to justify current and future means of reform while it is expected of correctional facilities to provide long-term positive influences on a person and fulfill quantitative indicators. We presume that resocialization and social integration ideas, as the main declared aim of custodial sentencing, are “imprisoned” in political discourse, which lacks critical analysis and does not provide much chance for success.

Rapport and Relationship Building in a Therapeutic Community: Examining the Dynamic Between Correctional Officers and Incarcerated Persons

Correctional officers (COs) are vital to prison safety. While focused on security, some believe COs should also be trained to engage in the rehabilitation of incarcerated persons by offering motivation and support. This study examined incarcerated persons’ perceptions of COs working in a prison-based therapeutic community (TC). Data were gathered through qualitative interviews with individuals detained in a state correctional system for men. Findings revealed several themes related to incarcerated persons’ perceptions of COs’ knowledge toward treatment, their experiences and interactions with COs, and recommendations about how to improve the role of COs as therapeutic agents of change. Practical opportunities for implementing correctional research and practice using a positive criminology perspective are considered.

ANALISIS HUKUM PIDANA DAN KRIMINOLOGI TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PENISTAAN AGAMA DI INDONESIA

Blasphemy is one of the criminal acts of insulting and degrading a religion. Blasphemy comes from two words, namely blasphemy and religion, blasphemy comes from the word blasphemy which means low blasphemy. Religion also means a deliberate attack on the good name and honor of another person or a groups both orally and in writing with the aim of being known by the wider community.The purpose of the research from the perspective of criminal law is to look at the concept of accountability for criminal acts of blasphemy in Indonesia and the protection of religious law for someone who commits blasphemy, while from a criminological perspective to look at the arrangements for criminal liability for perpetrators of criminal acts of blasphemy in Indonesia and regulations Religion from the Criminal Code (KUHP). The method used in this research is Normative (Normative Legal Research). This type of research uses qualitative research. The research approach that is carried out is more aimed at the statute approach. Conceptual Approach The nature of the research in this thesis is descriptive research. The form of this research is a form of prescriptive book of criminal law. The results of this study indicate that the legal arrangement regarding the crime of blasphemy in Indonesia is regulated in Article 156 of the Criminal Code as for the contents of the article which reads: whoever publicly expresses and expresses feelings of hostility, hatred or humiliation towards one or several groups or groups of Indonesian people, threatened with a maximum imprisonment of five years or a maximum fine of four thousand five hundred rupiah. The word group or group in this article is interpreted as part of the Indonesian people who have differences both in terms of religion, place and country, race, descent, nationality or position according to article 156 of the Criminal Code. It is recommended that legal arrangements regarding criminal acts of blasphemy in Indonesia need to be perfected by adding articles that are able to answer all the needs of the community, both in the Criminal Code and the Law of the Republic of Indonesia.

DELIK MUTILASI DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM, VIKTIMOLOGI DAN KRIMINOLOGI

In Indonesia, there are many legal norms that already regulate murder, including mutilation. The crime of mutilation has been regulated in various laws and regulations in Indonesia. Criminology perspective mentions or outlines in the discussion of the problems of the factors causing the occurrence of criminal acts of mutilation and modus operandi of crimes or criminal acts of mutilation, especially those that occur in Indonesia. The victimology perspective emphasizes the aspect of the victim, that is, when a person becomes a victim of a criminal act of mutilation, why can someone become a victim of mutilation. Because these crimes are rare or only occur in certain perpetrators, so the study is not easy, especially related to the position of the victim.

Power Relations in Gender-Based Violence From the Criminological Aspect

Gender-based violence is more commonly assumed with women and girls than with men. Gender-based violence exists because of inequality in power relations and patriarchal culture embedded in society. Power can make a person feel entitled to act arbitrarily against others who are considered inferior. Behavior based on this kind of thinking allows a person to be violent towards others. Furthermore, this paper explains various theories of the crime of sexual violence when examined from a criminological perspective. The research method used in this paper is normative juridical through a case-based approach and legal system. The sources used include primary legal materials, secondary legal materials and tertiary legal materials.

Farming Intensification in Northern Ireland – A State-Corporate Environmental Harm?

Food production may involve serious harms that lie beyond traditional definitions of crime and are not statutorily proscribed. One example of a criminologically under-researched source of harms is intensive farming. Taking a case study of rising intensive pig farming in Northern Ireland, this paper innovatively applies the state-corporate crime framework to analyse the catalysts for environmental and social harm in the country, expanding the knowledge of complex relationships between political and economic actors from a green criminological perspective and further advancing the agenda of ‘greening’ of state-corporate crime (Bradshaw, 2014). It concludes that a state-corporate symbiosis supports and reinforces a market-oriented, profit-driven model of farming that prioritises efficiency and ultimately leads to ‘lawful but awful’ intensification.

The Criminological Ideas in the Criminal Enforcement of Illegal Logging

The purpose of this paper is to examine and analyze the Criminology review of the factors that cause the occurrence of illegal logging crimes. In this paper, the author uses a normative juridical method. In the conclusion of the discussion that the factors of the occurrence of illegal logging in the perspective of criminology, namely first, the legal factor itself, the better a legal regulation, the more likely it is to enforce it. Both factors are law enforcement, law enforcement is strongly influenced by law enforcement officials. If a regulation is good but the quality and quantity of law enforcement apparatus is low, then the desired law will not be realized. Third, cultural factors play an important role in the occurrence of illegal logging. Illegal logging perpetrators commit these crimes because there are cultural demands that require them. Indonesia has hundreds of tribes and cultures in which the interior is very diverse. Fourth, Community factors can also affect law enforcement itself, because law enforcement comes from the community and aims to achieve peace in society. In this case what is important is the legal awareness of the community, the higher the legal awareness of the community, the better law enforcement.

Victims of Cyber Crimes in Indonesia: A Criminology and Victimology Perspective

Crimes that occur in cyberspace are born as a result of the negative impact of technological developments, crimes that occur in various forms and types have consequences for the legal protection of users, this is important considering that every human being must be protected in accordance with his dignity as a human being. One form of state responsibility for the protection of its citizens is to provide legal guarantees and concrete actions that protect the community from all forms of crime or other deviant acts that may be experienced by the community, both in the real world and in cyberspace. Crimes that occur in cyberspace or commonly referred to as cybercrime. This study is aims to analyze and examine the victims of cyber crime in the perspective of criminology and victimology. Criminology approach used to answer the motive, factors, and response of the crime, and victimology approach to understand more comprehensively concerning to the victim’s protection and the role of the victims in the cybercrime.

Female Homicide in Italy in 2021: Different Criminological and Psychopathological Perspectives on the Phenomenon.

The intentional homicide of female victims, which is most commonly perpetrated by intimate partners or family members, has been recognized in recent years as a matter of grave public concern that needs to be addressed from the cultural and judicial perspectives. To allow an in-depth criminological and psychopathological evaluation of female homicide in Italy in 2021 to be conducted, the authors performed a newspaper report analysis of the phenomenon. All female homicides that occurred in Italy in 2021 (n = 119) were included in the study. The analysis confirmed the low rate of female homicides in Italy when compared with other countries and also showed the phenomenon to be more complex than usually described. The highest rate of homicides was observed in elderly females when compared with other age groups, implying different criminological considerations and suggesting that gender-based violence may only explain some of the identified cases. The high incidence of suicide or attempted suicide among offenders, together with the high incidence of reported mental disorders in that population, suggests that a psychopathological perspective on the phenomenon of female homicide could help with the development and implementation of preventive strategies that focus on managing mental health at a territorial level and intervening in difficult domestic situations.

Sexual Harassment di Tempat Kerja dalam Perspektif Kriminologi

This study aims to be able to analyze the problem of sexual harassment in the workplace from a criminological perspective. The method used is normative juridical research. Criminology is a study that looks at the causes of a crime, as well as how the efforts and efforts to overcome the crime. One of the sad forms of crime that occurs in society is Sexual harassment or what we know as sexual harassment. Sexual harassment can happen anywhere, without exception in the workplace. One form of sexual harassment is “Quid pro quo” (this is for that). Causes of Evil behavior can arise due to social, political, and many other things. The causes of sexual harassment in the workplace are power relations, gender inequality, perpetrators do not get the consequences of their actions

Eradication of Criminal Acts of Obscenity by Children

The purpose of this research is to know and analyze abouthow to eradicate it is an issue that is constantly being debated, one of which is the criminal act of obscenity by children. Sexual crimes committed by children often occur, especially in the jurisdiction of the Boalemo Police, and the factors that cause acts of obscenity committed by minors in the Legal Area of Boalemo Regency are caused by internal (family and gender) and external factors. (environment, internet and liquor as well as low education and economy). Efforts to deal with sexual abuse in the jurisdiction of the Boalemo Police are preventive, repressive, curative, delinquent from a criminological perspective and pre-emtief.

Youth Decision-Making and Crime: Influences of Stressful Conditions, Adverse Mental and Physical States, and Conventional Activities

This study focuses on sources of youth decision-making and examines paths through which these factors may affect delinquent behavior. Using longitudinal Add Health data, we explore the mediating mechanisms linking several antecedents of decision-making, thoughtfully reflective decision-making (TRDM), and crime. We find that various adverse factors (i.e., family and school stressful conditions, depression, sleep problems) reduce the ability of adolescents to be thoughtful and reflective, which leads to higher levels of criminal behavior. By contrast, involvement in conventional activities (i.e., hobbies, religious activities) is found to foster TRDM, which reduces delinquency. Our study calls for an integration of perspectives in criminology, cognitive psychology, and neuroscience to better explain the relationship between decision-making and crime. Policy implications are discussed.

Creating a Benevolent World: Exploration of a Music-Based Rehabilitation Program for Formerly Incarcerated Individuals.

Many studies discuss the impact of music programs on prison inmates. However, few studies have investigated the impact of music programs on formerly incarcerated individuals (FIIs), and none of them have focused on the programs' characteristics. This phenomenological study explores the characteristics of a music-based rehabilitation program for FIIs. Five FIIs and three staff members who participated in a group music program were interviewed. The following four themes emerged: Continuity-the importance of the FIIs' previous positive acquaintance with the program while still being in prison. Egalitarian approach-the importance of the staff treating the FIIs with understanding, tolerance, non-judgmentalism, and the use of an eye-level approach. Cultural sensitivity-the staff members' sensitivity to the FIIs' different backgrounds to form a connection. Playfulness-the program's ability to break free from a "fight-or-flight" mode and experience a counter mode of playfulness. The findings are discussed through the perspective of positive criminology.

DAMPAK TINDAK PIDANA CYBERBULLYING TERHADAP KORBAN DAN PELAKU DITINJAU DARI PERSPEKTIF VIKTIMOLOGI DAN KRIMINOLOGI

In Indonesia, almost everyone has a gadget or more specifically, a smart cellular phone that is connected to the internet network very easily. Cyberbullying is a way of bullying that involves sophisticated digital technology, which almost always uses the internet as a tool. Cyberbullying is characterized by aggressive behavior carried out by a person or several people using electronic media services including the internet, which is carried out continuously, where the target victim is someone who is considered weak or unable to fight back. The forms of cyberbullying are usually in the form of ridicule, insults, threats or intimidation. The perpetrators of cyberbullying have the motivation to take these actions in the form of anger and revenge, frustration, wanting to be the center of attention of the surrounding environment, mere entertainment, or even just joking with the victim. Victims of cyberbullying often experience a number of psychological problems to even think of committing suicide. The problems that arise are how severe the cyberbullying behavior is in damaging the victim's psychology and/or physical appearance from the perspective of victimology and how to mitigate cyberbullying and take action against the perpetrators from a criminological perspective. The author conducted a qualitative research in which this research is descriptive analytical. Victims of cyberbullying have committed suicide. If it turns out that cyberbullying is felt to be very worrying, then what needs to be done is to capture a screen display containing bullying carried out on social media, be it via a smartphone or computer, then report it to the police. Victims of cyberbullying should receive treatment from professionals such as psychologists, psychiatrists, even the police and the Witness and Victim Protection Agency. The author recommends appropriate punishment for perpetrators who openly cyberbullying in accordance with the ITE Law, because some of them do not regret and even enjoy their actions. Keywords: Cyberbullying, criminology, victimology

Governing the silence: the institutionalisation of evidence-based policing in modern Britain

This paper examines the rise of Evidence-Based Policing (EBP) in Britain. EBP is a ‘what works’ initiative, claiming to offer benefits to ‘improve’ policing policy and practice based on scientific research graded as ‘evidence’. EBP valorises a narrow ‘experimental criminological’ understanding of knowledge and is being institutionalised into policing and academia with very limited challenge. This is despite concerns about ‘evidence-based policy’ in other fields and wide-ranging criminological perspectives on ‘crime’, ‘justice’ and policing that challenge the ‘experimental’ school. By 2022 EBP exerts significant influence on how policing insiders, academics, policymakers and politicians think, speak and act about British policing. Drawing on Foucault and Hajer, this paper reports institutional changes produced by EBP’s advancement revealed through discourse analytical research into EBP’s ‘archive’ of academic, operational and political ‘texts’. These changes are represented as new ‘governance techniques’ that collectively guard the boundaries of the EBP project, ‘authorising’ the knowledge it generates as ‘true’, propelling EBP towards a hegemonic position in British policing. EBP is repositioned as doing political work, sharing genealogical heritage with other political projects of late modernity, particularly managerialism and neoliberalism. Appropriately historicised, EBP can also be conceptualised as a new nadir in the problematic relationship between the production of criminological knowledge and the British state: reinforcing state definitions of ‘crime’ and cementing conservative ‘asks’ of policing. Simultaneously, the institutionalisation of EBP’s governance techniques is likely to further silence critical voices, excluding them from knowledge production, policy consideration, and neutralising their more radical calls for progressive policing.

Corruption and Money Laundering Perspective of Criminal Law and Criminology

Criminal acts of corruption and money laundering are increasingly complex, neat and sophisticated, carried out by educated people with the positions of Members of the DPR, DPRD, Heads of Institutions/Ministries, Governors, Mayors/Regents and Deputy Echelon I/II, judges, and private parties with various ages and come from different regions. The mode is through procuring goods and services, licensing, bribery, levies, budget abuse and money laundering. Social factors that encourage perpetrators to commit crimes can be explained through social exchange theory which shows that there is an abuse of office, doing something contrary to obligations and bribing bribes that lead to crimes in the field of corruption and money laundering. This fact is very close to the change in value orientation in the social life of everyone, whether it is law enforcement officers, state officials, or community members.