Criminal Mind Research Articles

Criminal Genius or Everyday Villain? A Comparison of Malevolent Creativity Among Prisoners, Police Officers, and the General Population

ABSTRACTCriminals allegedly use effective novelty to intentionally exploit and harm others (creative fraud, theft, and murder). However, empirical evidence that criminals possess higher malevolent creativity than individuals without criminal backgrounds is lacking. We compared a male sample of prisoners in a maximum‐security penitentiary (n = 140), police officers (n = 122), and the general population (n = 106) on three different aspects of malevolent creativity: self‐reported malevolent creativity behavior (MCBS), willingness to engage in malevolent creativity on a test (MCT), and malevolent creativity potential on that test (reduced n = 285). Group comparisons (ANOVAs) differed for different malevolent creativity aspects: Prisoners reported more malevolent creativity behavior in daily life (MCBS) than nonprisoners, which may reflect their alleged criminal personality or the effects of confinement on creative coping with threat. However, prisoners also performed worse than police officers in generating creative ideas for taking revenge on others (MCT). No differences in initial willingness to engage in malevolent creativity (MCT) emerged. This discrepancy of self‐report and ability is discussed from several angles, including suitability of the applied measures and heterogeneity of prison populations. This study constitutes the first empirical insights into the often hypothesized but rarely tested malevolent creativity expression in the criminal mind.

Semiotic Analysis on TV Series Industry: Case Study of Criminal Minds Poster

This research aims to identify and explain the signifiers, signified, denotations, connotations meanings, and myths embedded in the signs of the TV series Criminal Minds poster. In this research, the authors used the descriptive qualitative method to identify, analyze, and explain the signs in the Criminal Minds TV series poster. The authors also employ Ferdinand de Saussure and Roland Barthes' semiotic approach in the research. The primary data of this research is taken from both the verbal and nonverbal signs in Criminal Minds TV Series posters. This research shows that there are nine nonverbal and two verbal signs. Furthermore, after analyzing all of the signs (both verbal and nonverbal) in Saussure and Barthes' semiotic approach, this study found that all of the signs carry specific messages. Its purpose is to give the audience teasers or clues about the story, which tells about the journey of all main characters of Criminal Minds. Moreover, the myth commonly found across the signs in this TV series poster is to attract more potential viewers to watch the series.

Religion in Shaping Gender Inequality

The uncial form of distribution in any explanatory part of differentiation that relies on gender inequality is also surfaced by embedded variation of religious perspectives. The rest of the cultural and historical relationship often subordinated the gender concept that created inequalities in the analysis of various forms with majority of inhabitant affiliated to religious identity. The rafter to study the respective religious and cultural historical relationship in, admitting how complex the issue is for any religion, embedding with gender inequality and the violence towards women or irrespective of any criminal mind, that creates a different effect on cultural Legacy. Thereafter, the geographic location also influences the form of social and economic direction towards the politics to bring-forth the outcome of any interpretative religious institution that shows the complex benefit that gender inequality have towards polity and how negative impact towards economy social and democratic progress throughout universe. Thereafter, this paper processes to understand the influence of any institutional rules and values and norms that reciprocate gender inequality and violence or violation of Human Rights on perspective of religious confluence, and influence towards the social organisation to diversify the selected assumption of gender inequality. This paper treats the significance of religious concept of recent changes into the status of women, through various data with analytical process of observing religious structure and how it determined the empirical method of research work to indicate both positive and negative aspect of the decreased or enhanced status of women that created by religious identity. Primarily with the ceremonies and positions during the disposition of patriarchal society that are triggered and created revolutions and rebels among the communities of various possibility of relationship with theism, or sex ratio, or differences into the female literacy rate, or thereafter women being enrolled into various higher education, or how the parliamentary form of decision-making process came into the action where women started including their perception on casting votes. Thus, the paper correlates the analysis and observes the conservative and the subjective assertion of any correlation with the empirical data and traditional influence over economic development. Those results showing the status of women into the various gender unequal situation with the sex ratio or rather correlated understanding of how the productive analysis towards gross domestic product, and national income if socio-economic factor is taken in account. This paper will further include certain key realm on how the religious impact often get stronger in connection with various economic-religious nexus of analytical process that perform the economic growth of any tension model. The neighbouring countries also get through spillovers, that creates the inequality more stronger regarding the boundaries that are being made with responsibilities of creating a modern society. The reference is then review of literature included the various traditional forms of understanding the theories of Inglehart and Norris, Klingorová, Verveer and others to conclude the mentioned assumption and understanding of the matters in concern through qualitative analysis.

Identifying Patterns/Drivers in Women Criminals

The general notion of women, who are usually regarded as caregivers and nurturers, can kill in cold blood is difficult to accept in Indian society. Despite the belief that murders are mostly male-perpetrated, women are often also culprits, killing with the same heartlessness as any male killer. As is the case with other aspects of life, it is often seen that the motivations of women killers are different from their male peers. While many male criminals are driven by sadism, sex, violence and lust, women's motivations are found to be mostly economic in nature. Predominantly many Motives are common, to both genders are greed and mental imbalance. This present paper is an attempt to study different aspects of women criminal with parameters or drivers such as Education, Family Background, Social Status, Personal life, and any history of sufferings Mentally or Physically. This paper also focuses on various Modus Operandi adopted by Such Women. The Study will help Criminologist and Forensic Psychologist to understand the reason why a woman who is supposed to be caregiver is able to take away the life in cruel manner. The study will help to prevent / handle such women from committing such offences by Knowing the psychology and motive behind a criminal mind. Keywords: Forensic Psychology, women, female criminals, murders

CRIMINOLOGY IN LITERATURE: THE TELL TALE HEART BY EDGAR ALLAN POE

This study aims to analyse the criminology aspects, types of crime found in The Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allan Poe and the motives that drives the criminal in committing such crime. The methodology used in this research is qualitative descriptive method and used theory from Wilson and Durkheim about aspects and types of crime. The result shows that there are four aspects of criminology found in the short story: the lens, the theorization, the historycization and the comparison applied in how crime and justice have similarities and differences in criminology as compared to literature. The type of criminal is personal or violent crime and the motive behind the crime is the vulture eye owned by an old man that create uneasiness in the criminal mind along with his disease resulting in him murdering the old man

Application of Personality Theory of Criminal Psychology to Nordic Noir: A Study

Crime fiction is a genre in literature that is mainly focused on crime, its detection, its solution, the criminal and his motives. Similar to the genre of crime fiction is the sub- genre within it called ‘Nordic Noir’ which is also known as ‘Scandinavian Noir’. It is a term given to the literature coming from the Nordic or Scandinavian countries like Iceland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Finland etc. It is mainly known for its dark and bleak settings, description of its landscape and strong female characters. There have been various approaches that have tried to understand criminal mind and behaviour. Relating crime fiction and criminal psychology and its various theories will yield new insight as psychology and literature share a very close bond. The Personality Theory argues that there are a number of personality traits which are associated with an act of crime or violent behaviour. Eysenck in his book Crime and Personality published in 1964 established a relationship between criminal behaviour and personality. According to him, personality traits play a key role in criminality. He was of the view that some genetic traits along with certain environmental forces lead to criminal behaviour or conduct. The three super factors about which Eysenck talks about and upon which the PEN model is based are psychoticism (P), extraversion (E) and neuroticism (N). This paper aims at the application of Personality Theory as given by Hans Eysenck to the new emerging sub-genre of Nordic noir. As the genre deals with crime and criminals, therefore it would be highly insightful to study it in the light of criminal psychology.

The Use of Single Crystal X-Ray Diffraction Technique for Characterization of 25I-NBOMe and 25R-NBOH (R = Cl, I, Br, Et) in Forensic Application

Criminal minds create new psychoactive substances (NPS) to dribble the Drug Regulatory System. Early Warning Systems (EWA) were instituted worldwide to combat this practice. Brazilian government has started establishing EWA at a national level since August 2021. The role of drug analysis laboratories in EWA is very important and experts working at forensic laboratories are in the main position to detect NPS and any changes in the molecular structures. However, for this practice, it is necessary to use reliable analyses techniques for unequivocal identification. The goal of this work is to use single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) to detect the presence of NPS and elucidate its molecular structure using single crystals from a seized blotter paper. XRD is also useful to prepare reference substances to produce entries to be included in Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and mass spectrometry databases, which are some of the most relevant routine techniques in forensic laboratories. This approach was used to study the NPS 25R-NBOH and 25I-NBOMe using XRD, FTIR, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies. The results showed that molecular structure methods must be used to elucidate NPS in an unambiguous manner and the potential of XRD use in the forensic area as a reference method.

The shudder-image: psyche-soma, sex and knowledge in Hannibal

Bryan Fuller’s Hannibal (NBC, 2013–15) – an adaptation of Thomas Harris’s Hannibal Lecter novels, and their filmic interpretations – is one of the more formally experimental (and startlingly psychosexual) programmes to appear on US network television since the original two-season run of Twin Peaks (ABC, 1990–91).1 While critics have aligned Hannibal with the contemporary era of ‘Quality Television’ – which has provided examples of visually ambitious and thematically challenging programming such as Six Feet Under (HBO, 2001–05) or Mindhunter (Netflix, 2017–19) – the majority of these series appear on premium cable or streaming services such as HBO, AMC and Netflix.2Hannibal, by contrast, was commissioned by commercial broadcast network NBC, meaning that it faced significant limitations in terms of budget and censorship in comparison to many of its alleged ‘Quality’ peers. Nonetheless, with the support of Gaumont International Television, Fuller was able to present a distinct vision of Harris’s world as a three-season phantasmagoria of vividly designed and perversely executed violence, mutilation and horror – far beyond what viewers may have been accustomed to on CSI: Crime Scene Investigation (CBS, 2000–15) or Criminal Minds (CBS, 2005–20). It is a vision in which the conventions of the police procedural eventually give way to an elaborately staged queer romance between the lead characters, FBI agent Will Graham (Hugh Dancy) and his psychotherapist Dr Hannibal Lecter (Mads Mikkelsen).

Phishing: A Way of Attacking the Privacy

The Internet provides a fantastic platform for ordinary people to communicate. Criminal minds have figured out a means to steal personal information without having to meet the person and with the least danger of getting detected. It’s known as phishing. Phishing is a significant threat to the ecommerce sector. Customers’ trust in ecommerce is shattered, and electronic service providers suffer significant financial losses as a result. As a result, understanding phishing is critical. This document educates readers on phishing assaults and anti-phishing the recipient, the auction site will have a good yield. Anti-phishing strategies and online security rules have been recommended by both academia and industry practitioners in order to protect customers’ interests. Some commercial anti-spam and anti-phishing products block email from ”blacklisted” sites that they claim deliver spam and phishing emails, but allow email from software. Because of the obvious usability issues ”whitelisted” sites that they claim are known not to send it. This strategy appears to be anticompetitive because it unfairly discriminates against smaller and lesser-known sites.

A Review on Effectiveness of Marine Pollution Control and Management in Nigeria

This study reviews the successes and limitations of agencies saddled with marine pollution control and management in Nigeria using secondary data. The agencies investigated include Nigerian Port Authority (NPA), National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA), and Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA). The study shows that NIMASA has been at the frontline of marine pollution control and has been dynamic and effective in marine pollution control and management in Nigeria. Port reception facilities by NPA for ship waste collection within stipulated time to encourage turn-around time of vessels is encouraging. For NOSDRA, the review highlights some statutory impediments affecting the effective functioning of the agency. It is important to de-bottleneck all statutory issues threatening the smart performance of NOSDRA. Delay in attending to oil pollution, for instance, is a huge control failure with multiplying consequences for the environment. The effort in the development of an action plan referred to as National Oil Spill Compensation Rate (NOSCR) which stipulates compensation to affected or host communities from facility operators is not a control measure and may even be misused by criminal minds to intentionally cause spills and pollution in other to seek financial gain. Grassroots operators should be sensitized to more effective ways to control and handle marine pollutants. This can be achieved with the simple truth that harms to the marine environment are an invitation to the end of the existentialism of life itself. It is believed that once the attitudinal change by the marine operators and especially the grassroots is achieved, marine pollution control and management can be made more effective.

Can we rewire criminal mind via non-invasive brain stimulation of prefrontal cortex? Insights from clinical, forensic and social cognition studies.

Non-compliance with social and legal norms and regulations represents a high burden for society. Social cognition deficits are frequently called into question to explain criminal violence and rule violations in individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (APD), borderline personality disorder (BPD), and psychopathy. In this article, we proposed to consider the potential benefits of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) to rehabilitate forensic population. We focused on the effects of NIBS of the prefrontal cortex, which is central in social cognition, in modulating aggression and impulsivity in clinical disorders, as well as in forensic population. We also addressed the effect of NIBS on empathy, and theory of mind in non-clinical and/or prison population. The reviewed data provide promising evidence on the beneficial effect of NIBS on aggression/impulsivity dyscontrol and social cognitive functions, suggesting its relevance in promoting reintegration of criminals into society.

Castigation and the Punjab Sentencing Act, 2019 --An Overview of Criminal Law and Convictions in Punjab, Pakistan

Castigation is the infliction of severe moral or corporal punishments. There are different theories regarding castigations are given to tackle the crime and criminal minds and to make society peaceful. Even the Islamic theory of punishment derives from the Holy Quran and Hadith. Overall, the Holy Quran has about 200 verses dealing with legal issues. For every wrong, there is a remedy provided in law. Castigations are the remedies provided by the lawmakers to redress the grievances of victims of offences as prescribed by the law of the state. Pakistan being a developing country slowly enlightens its society with various redresses and punishments to nip the evil in the bud and for this legislature is introducing new laws now and then. The study adopts qualitative means to examine Pakistan's province of Punjab's criminal law on castigation and provides insightful understanding for the readers

Threats from the Dark: A Review over Dark Web Investigation Research for Cyber Threat Intelligence

From proactive detection of cyberattacks to the identification of key actors, analyzing contents of the Dark Web plays a significant role in deterring cybercrimes and understanding criminal minds. Researching in the Dark Web proved to be an essential step in fighting cybercrime, whether with a standalone investigation of the Dark Web solely or an integrated one that includes contents from the Surface Web and the Deep Web. In this review, we probe recent studies in the field of analyzing Dark Web content for Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI), introducing a comprehensive analysis of their techniques, methods, tools, approaches, and results, and discussing their possible limitations. In this review, we demonstrate the significance of studying the contents of different platforms on the Dark Web, leading new researchers through state-of-the-art methodologies. Furthermore, we discuss the technical challenges, ethical considerations, and future directions in the domain.

Preventing criminal minds: Early education access and adult offending behavior

In this paper we estimate the impact of higher early preschool access on offending behavior later in time, exploiting a nationwide public preschool expansion that took place in Spain over the 1990s. This is the first study providing evidence on the relationship between preschool and crime using a large-scale, universal-access program rather than targeted initiatives reserved for disadvantaged children. Our identification strategy relies on the staggered implementation of the Spanish preschool expansion across regions and birth cohorts. We link the education data to a unique administrative crime dataset recording the offenses committed in the region of Catalonia over the period 2009–2014. On average, a 1 percentage point increase in preschool access among the age 0–3 population yields 1.6% fewer crime actions during youth and young adulthood. Larger effects on impulsive-crime categories provide suggestive evidence for non-cognitive-skills improvements being important drivers of our results.

Mens Daemonica: Guilt, Justice, and the Occult in South Africa.

In winter 2014, the town of Thohoyandou, South Africa was gripped with panic after a series of rapes and murders. In this area, notorious for its occult specialists and witchcraft, stories began to circulate attributing the violence to demonic forces. These stories were given credence by the young man who was charged with these crimes. In his testimony, he confirmed that he was possessed by evil forces. Taking this story as a point of departure, this article provides an empirical account of the ambivalent ways state sites of criminal justice grapple with the occult in South Africa. Drawing on twenty-two months of ethnographic fieldwork, I describe how spirit possession is not easily reconciled with legal methods of parsing criminal liability in courtrooms. And yet, when imprisoned people are paroled, the state entertains the possibility of bewitchment in public ceremonies of reconciliation. Abstracting from local stories about the occult, this article proposes mens daemonica ("demonic mind") to describe this state of hijacked selfhood and as an alternative to the mens rea ("criminal mind") observed in criminal law. While the latter seeks the cause of wrongdoing in the authentic will of the autonomous, self-governing subject, mens daemonica describes a putatively extra-legal idea of captured volition that implicates a vast and ultimately unknowable range of others and objects in what only appears to be a singular act of wrongdoing. This way of reckoning culpability has the potential to inspire new approaches to justice.

A FASE DA COGITAÇÃO DO ITER CRIMINIS SOB A ÓTICA DA TEORIA DO COMPORTAMENTO PLANEJADO: entendendo a mente criminosa e seus reflexos na segurança pública

This research approaches the phase of the iteration of the criminals from the perspective of the Theory of the Behavior Planned aiming at the understanding of the criminal mind and its reflexes in the public safety. Such an approach is justified professionally because this study may allow greater efforts to be employed in the following areas: qualified criminal prevention; Strategies and management of public security; Criminal analysis, negotiation; Crisis management and; Police doctrine. As far as academic relevance is concerned, it is intended to open a new frontier within criminal prevention, since other studies in this field were not unveiled, involving this subject with the knowledge of social psychology, law and environmental criminology. The object of this research is to answer the question about the applications of the Theory of Planned Behavior before the phase of the iteration of criminals and the reflexes in public security. This purpose will be reached through bibliographical sources, going through a review of the literature, doctrine, legislation and documents. This research constitutes an original scientific work and a qualitative research, with exploratory objectives and technical procedures of bibliographical research, through the deductive method. The study showed that the Theory of Planned Behavior can contribute to a better understanding of the criminal mind and the stages that make up the Iter Criminis cogitation phase. And so, this research will favor the prioritization of qualified crime prevention.

Criminal minds: profiling architects of financial crimes

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to construct a profile of a financial criminal, with special emphasis on their psychological attributes. The objective is to determine if such a profile can provide a valuable tool for detecting perpetrators of financial crime and for implementing risk-reduction strategies. Design/methodology/approach The approach involved a review of various personality disorders and other mental health issues, as well as an analysis of a number of cases involving serious financial crime, to ascertain whether the behaviour of the perpetrators was consistent with certain psychological challenges. In addition, the study examined various motivators for the commission of the financial crime. Findings The research revealed some key commonalities among the perpetrators of financial crime and that their behaviour was often consistent with that of a person afflicted with a personality or other psychological disorder. Originality/value The study provides a comprehensive analysis of various personality and other psychological challenges afflicting a number of offenders involved in financial crime. It also provides some critical findings that could be valuable for those charged with establishing measures to prevent and detect financial crime.

Instagram Mobile Application Digital Forensics

In this research, we developed a plugin for our automated digital forensics framework to extract and preserve the evidence from the Android and the IOS-based mobile phone application, Instagram. This plugin extracts personal details from Instagram users, e.g., name, user name, mobile number, ID, direct text or audio, video, and picture messages exchanged between different Instagram users. While developing the plugin, we identified resources available in both Android and IOS-based devices holding key forensics artifacts. We highlighted the poor privacy scheme employed by Instagram. This work, has shown how the sensitive data posted in the Instagram mobile application can easily be reconstructed, and how the traces, as well as the URL links of visual messages, can be used to access the privacy of any Instagram user without any critical credential verification. We also employed the anti-forensics method on the Instagram Android’s application and were able to restore the application from the altered or corrupted database file, which any criminal mind can use to set up or trap someone else. The outcome of this research is a plugin for our digital forensics ready framework software which could be used by law enforcement and regulatory agencies to reconstruct the digital evidence available in the Instagram mobile application directories on both Android and IOS-based mobile phones.

Lady Audley’s Secret and the Portrayal of a Criminal Mind

Lady Audley’s Secret is a novel first published in 1862 by Mary Elizabeth Braddon, a Victorian writer. It is the story of a young lady who, in her attempt to climb the social ladder, commits several crimes. Her behaviour was considered abnormal and improper in a society in which women had to be obedient and docile. The originality of this work is the representation of a woman whose behaviour was not considered as insane rather intentional and calculated but, despite this, she was confined to an asylum. Psychiatry was an emerging medical specialty during the Victorian period and the diagnosis of psychiatric conditions was not sophisticated and precise as today. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that Lady Audley was likely affected by antisocial personality disorder according to the medical assessment criteria of the present time.

Schematic incongruity, conversational power play and criminal mind style in Thomas Harris’Silence of the Lambs

This article considers the construction of the profilers and criminals in Thomas Harris’ (2013) [1988] novel Silence of the Lambs through the analysis of selected indicative criminal mind-related extracts. The aim is to consider such characters’ construction through analysis of schematic incongruity, conversational power play, language depicting the actual fictional criminal viewpoint and, lastly, psychological profiling language, the style of which has criminal mind style ‘potential’. Schematic incongruity has a role to play in generating impressions of both the normality and abnormality of psychological profilers and the killers they pursue. Serial killers are constructed as not only physically/psychologically ‘abnormal’ but also as ‘abnormals’ amongst other ‘abnormals’ in terms of their conversational patterns, too. Where some criminals’ apparent reluctance, or inability, to accord to conversational norms marks them as uncivilised, killer/profiler Lecter’s mostly conventional conversational politeness marks him out as indirectly mocking the social norms he sometimes chooses to accord to. Where killer Gumb is concerned, profiling language and language depicting his criminal viewpoint draws on metaphors and references to killing being likened to hunting, work and art, suggesting that killing is necessary, commendable and ceremonial, the victims’ mere things to be utilised in a venture that can only be described as worthy. Though Lecter is shown to be ‘born’ into deviant behaviour, and Gumb is suggested to have been ‘made’ into a criminal, the novel undoubtedly suggests connections, similarities even, between both such character types’ extreme criminal behaviour and those wanting to understand ‘criminal minds’ through the profiling practice.