Abstract
From proactive detection of cyberattacks to the identification of key actors, analyzing contents of the Dark Web plays a significant role in deterring cybercrimes and understanding criminal minds. Researching in the Dark Web proved to be an essential step in fighting cybercrime, whether with a standalone investigation of the Dark Web solely or an integrated one that includes contents from the Surface Web and the Deep Web. In this review, we probe recent studies in the field of analyzing Dark Web content for Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI), introducing a comprehensive analysis of their techniques, methods, tools, approaches, and results, and discussing their possible limitations. In this review, we demonstrate the significance of studying the contents of different platforms on the Dark Web, leading new researchers through state-of-the-art methodologies. Furthermore, we discuss the technical challenges, ethical considerations, and future directions in the domain.
Highlights
In the age of technology, and with the rapid development of hacking techniques and tools, it has become an urgent need for various organizations to take appropriate countermeasures against cyberattacks and cybercriminals
Because of the rapid technical development, a large part of hacking activities transformed from just individual acts of theft and vandalism to well-organized and financially supported actors aiming for profits on a large scale. e objectives of organized crime in this domain range from financial gain to achieving political goals [1]
We focus on studies that analyze the content of Dark Web platforms to gain valuable information for Cyber reat Intelligence (CTI) (Abbreviations: social network analysis (SNA), content analysis (CA), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), data mining (DM), natural language processing (NLP), topic modeling (TM))
Summary
In the age of technology, and with the rapid development of hacking techniques and tools, it has become an urgent need for various organizations to take appropriate countermeasures against cyberattacks and cybercriminals. On the Internet, social networks, forums provide similar intellectual affinity of criminals, such as hackers, to exchange information and experiences or plan for crimes and attacks [5] In these platforms, members can follow posts from other members that they consider trustworthy or experts. Erefore, forums provide the proper environment for the growth of cybercriminals networks and increase opportunities for planning and conducting cybercrime worldwide [5] These places provide vital resources for researchers and cybersecurity experts to detect cyberattacks early and provide organizations with warnings of potential threats [4]. Studying these hackers’ communities on the Dark Web allows for the continuous development of new areas in security informatics technologies [6]. We focus on studies that analyze the content of Dark Web platforms (such as websites, forums, social networks, marketplaces) to gain valuable information for Cyber reat Intelligence (CTI) (Abbreviations: social network analysis (SNA), content analysis (CA), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), data mining (DM), natural language processing (NLP), topic modeling (TM))
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