Criminal Investigation Department Research Articles

An assessment of the cooperation of governmental agencies with the criminal investigation department in criminal investigations

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe and to research cooperation between the police and other relevant government organizations. The subject of this paper is cooperation between Criminal Investigation Department (CID) detectives and workers at the Social Service Centers (SSC), representatives of Prosecutor's office, Court Investigation Departments, Attorneys‐at‐Law, workers at the administrative units, Market Inspectorate and Labor Inspectorate and tax authorities in Slovenia. The goal of this paper is to establish whether there is a correlation between forms of cooperation and satisfaction with cooperation among CID detectives and representatives of these various organizations with work relationship.Design/methodology/approach – A study is conducted on a sample of 314 representatives of various organizations that CID detectives work within. A non‐experimental research design is used, the method of work is a field study, and the research technology is a questionnaire. Gathered data are analy...

Writers and generals

The first attempted coup in Pakistan took place in 1949, but the story of this has virtually disappeared from its national memory. The attempted coup was characterised by the converging of interests of two extremely unlikely bedfellows: first, a layer of army officers dissatisfied with the outcome of the war in Kashmir, and second, a group of influential left-wing writers and poets. The coalescing of these two separate and quite distinctive social groups represents a fascinating episode in South Asian history. Interviews with the some of the surviving writers and activists involved, as well as documentary evidence from the Punjab Criminal Investigation Department sheds interesting new light on this period. This article examines these events in the context of politics in Pakistan in the immediate aftermath of partition, and the disillusionment that spread amongst a nationally minded and radical intelligentsia. The article addresses the relationship of memory—individual, collective and historical—to the forging of a nation's history and identity. It raises issues surrounding what constitutes an ‘archive’, and how this relates to the ‘recovery’ of a progressive memory that has been denied for half a century.

News and Notes

News and Notes

Disclosure Strategies and Dilemmas within Routine Criminal Case Construction by UK Detectives

This paper considers the findings of a study of case construction strategies employed by detectives in the UK with particular reference to the treatment of unused prosecution material which is required to be disclosed to the defence. A number of factors, both practical and cultural, act to undermine the disclosure process and to provide justification for the significant proportion of officers who retain an ideological resistance to providing material to the accused. Both the chain of communication between police and prosecutor and the 'crime control' ethos of traditional policework act to impede compliance with the statutory disclosure obligations and this failure is facilitated by the mutual acceptance of an implicit agenda of non-compliance for the detectives who make up the Criminal Investigation Department. The motives for this are pragmatic, rather than subversive, but the result remains a fundamental weakening of an essential due process protection.

Profiling the criminal mind: does it actually work?

Although psychological profiling is frequently presented as a recent and revolutionary technique for the investigation of aberrant violent crime, the notion of predicting characteristics of offenders based upon their behaviour is, in reality, old and symbolic of a long-held fascination with attempting to classify and predict criminality. It has long been thought that physical features may be an expression of an individual’s personality. One of the earliest examples comes from the poet Homer, who described the character of Thersites in the Iliad as an ugly and malformed man whose appearance was suggestive of a criminal disposition. Indeed, similar notions emerged with the development of phrenology, most notably in the work of the criminologist Cesare Lombroso. Although such anatomical associations have long since been discarded, the fundamental idea that human behaviour is in some capacity a reflection of personality forms one of the fundamental cornerstones of the modern-day science of psychology. One of the first applications of this behavioural tenet in the context of investigating violent crime arose with one of history’s earliest serial killers, Jack the Ripper. Confronted by a series of violent murders in the Whitechapel area of London, the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in 1888 consulted the physician Thomas Bond to provide a description of the offender based on the behaviours shown in the murders. About 60 years later, across the Atlantic Ocean police investigators would consult psychiatrist James Brussel after a series of bombings in New York City, which had

East Germany: The Stasi and De-Stasification

Shortly Mikhail Gorbachev was installed as secretary general of the Soviet Union's Communist Party in the spring of 1985, he began to pursue his liberalization policies of glasnost and perestroika. The impact was felt almost immediately within the ruling Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands (SED), the Communist Party of the East German Deutsche Demokratische Republik (DDR). Gorbachev's policies gave new hope for political, economic, and social renewal to those disenchanted with the gerontological Stalinist leadership of Erich Honecker and his sycophants. (1) A new wind was blowing from the East, generated by the great teacher--the Soviet Union. In line with the USSR's change of course, both Moscow's German-language propaganda magazine, Sputnik, and its weekly newspaper, Neue Zeit, reprinted Gorbachev's speeches and editorialized on the necessity for reforms of the socialist system. For East Germany's leaders, however, they became hostile publications and were banned despite protests emanating from Moscow. Nonetheless, they presaged a major change: For the first time since the founding of the DDR in 1949, the restlessness of Party members and much of the citizenry could not be blamed on the capitalist enemy of the proletariat. Until the mid-1980s, opposition to the regime was largely underground, although hundreds of thousands of burghers spent time in penitentiaries for publicly voicing their discontent. The repression began immediately after the end of World War II, carried out by Soviet security services and German Communist Party veterans (both those who had been in exile in the Soviet Union and those that had survived Nazi imprisonment). Thousands of people were arrested and shipped off to the infamous former Nazi concentration camps of Sachsenhansen and Buchenwald. Initially, the inhabitants of East Germany shrugged off the wave of arrests, believing the victims to be only former Nazi officials or war criminals. Then, in spring 1946, the Soviets ordered the fusion of two archenemies, the German Communist Party (the Kommunistische Partei Deutschlands, or KPD) and the German Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands, or SPD). Outwardly, the creation of the new party, the SED, appeared to proceed smoothly. In reality, however, thousands of rank-and-file socialists opposed to the union were thrown into prisons or concentration camps. They were joined by people who had been denounced for making anticommunist or anti-Soviet remarks, hundreds of them as young as fourteen. (2) On August 16, 1947, the Soviet Military Administration (SMA) ordered the creation of the first postwar German political police. Named Kommissariat 5 (K-5), it was formally attached to the criminal investigation department of the Volkspolizei (the People's Police, or VOPO). In reality, however, it operated independently under Soviet supervision; the subterfuge was necessary because the rules of the Allied Control Commission for Germany forbade the reestablishment of a German political police. Wilhelm Zaisser, a veteran German operative for Soviet military intelligence (GRU) and a former commander of the International Brigade in the Spanish Civil War, was named as its head. Erich Mielke, another long-time Communist agent of the Soviet security services, became Zaisser's deputy. During its early years, the K-5 arrested citizens and turned them over to the Soviet security organs for trial by Soviet military tribunals. In most cases, the proceedings lasted no more than a few minutes, often resulting in sentences of twenty-five years in a Soviet labor camp or a high security penitentiary in East Germany. (3) Less than a year later, Erich Mielke was detailed to create another secret police bearing the innocuous name of Deutsche Wirtschaftskommission, the German Economic Commission. It was charged with guarding confiscated property against misuse and sabotage, as well as with the investigation of economic crimes. …

State and the multilateralization of policing in post‐Soviet Russia

This article deals with the evolution of policing in late‐ and post‐Soviet Russia. It begins by showing that distinct auspices and providers of policing were to be found in the late‐Soviet context, even if, from an institutional point of view, they almost always belonged to party‐state agencies. Such a context emphasizes a process of informal multilateralization of policing prior to the Soviet break‐up. The article then goes on to show what has changed with glasnost and perestroika, exploring new demands for policing, new auspices and new providers. It argues that the market‐oriented approach of policing finds blatant limits in such a context. Finally, the article attempts to assess the Russian state's recent willingness to take control of private protection companies, centralize criminal investigation departments and delegate public security missions to the municipalities. These trends are likely to give rise to opposing interpretations.

British intelligence and the role of Jewish informers in Palestine

The disturbances in Palestine which lasted for nine days from 23 August 1929, took the form of vicious attacks by Arabs upon Jews. Though the racial tension and alarming signals rose greatly during the month that preceded the outbreak, no precautionary measures had been taken bythe authorities.' Long before August 1929, the country had been denuded of security forces below the margin of safety. The Palestine Police and especially its Arab section, could not be relied on as a force for preserving public security in the event of racial disturbances. The intelligence system which was mostly based on Arab policemen broke down when it came to exposing plots, religious or political, which were essentially Arab.2 Sir H.L. Dowbiggin, Inspector General of Police in Ceylon, was called upon to investigate and to report on the reorganization of the Palestine Police and its intelligence.3 Dowbiggin devised a detailed plan intended to serve as a guide for the reorganization of the Palestine Police.4 It was the duty of every officer to use his best endeavours and ability, impartially to prevent all crimes, offences and public nuisances and to preserve the peace. Dowbiggin made an analogy with the situation in England in which the General Strike of 1926 had failed, because the government had taken precautionary measures to prevent it. Thus the Palestine Police were now obliged to collect and to communicate intelligence in order to be able to prevent a breach of the peace or a crime against a person or his property. The prevention of disturbances was more desirable and was of greater value than the quelling of it by the use of force.5 Dowbiggin found that the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) was the weakest link in the whole police system. He described in detail the duties and the scope of the work of the CID so that there was no room for error. The CID should definitely be charged with the duty of collecting information in advance, and to keep the Government, the Police and the Military informed. The CID should submit a daily appreciation of the situation. For the fulfilment of its duties it would be in close touch with the

La gendarmerie, police judiciaire au XIXe siècle

Abstract The police force is, in France ofthexixth century, the main instrument of the Criminal Investigation Department While the statutory texts reserve this mission to the officers, in the practice leaders of brigade and simple policemen notice the malpractices, carry out the first acts of information and supply the information asked by the public prosecutor's department (unofficial inquiries). The comparison waited with the police should take into account the différence of springs and avoid focusing on the resolution of the making criminal cases her «one» of newspapers. Privileging the arrests of tramps and foreign to the village, having a good knowledge of the environment favored by a rural recruitment, the police force became a force of Criminal Investigation Department of nearness adapted well to the rural world. Gradually the image of the policeman improved in campaigns: perceived at first as agent of the predatory and coercive State, he became the guarantee of the order and the representative of a law which is the same for all. This article sketchs research tracks to seize, in history of the Criminal Investigation Department in the French campaigns, the evolution of the dialectic connections between texts, representations and practices.

Criminal Investigation Department data : methods of production and conditions of interpretation

In this paper, the author examine statistical data about Criminal Investigation Department with a critical eye. He studies principally methodological problems.

Malaysia: Sentencing White‐Collar Offenders

The Royal Malaysia Police refer to white collar crime as commercial crime and the Commercial Crime Division of its Criminal Investigation Department (CID) deals with offences such as criminal breach of trust, fraud, forgery, counterfeiting, offences under the Banking and Financial Institutions Act 1989, Commodities Trading Act 1985, Cooperative Societies Act 1966, and the Companies Act 1965.

Forensic medicine and criminalistics

The supplementary designation "criminalistics" in the title of certain forensic medical institutes in the first half of this century is to be regarded as a reaction to faulty developments in our specialty, which almost led to the elimination of forensic medicine as an independent scientific discipline in the 1960s. The ability to think in terms of criminalistics and the corresponding working procedures has always been a crucial precondition for the forensic physician, since forensic medicine is the application of medical knowledge for juridical purposes. Forensic medicine originated with the appraisal of cases of violent death by doctors, i.e., reconstruction of the facts in the case. To use the term "criminalistics" in the form of a supplementary designation is thus not required. An attempt is nevertheless made to define "medical criminalistics" as a small but important component of criminalistics. They are subdivided into two phases: the first part begins at the scene of the crime or the place of discovery (local evidence). Here, the trained eye of the forensic physician is indispensable to the criminal investigation department and the prosecutor. Medical criminalistic thinking and working procedures continue at the autopsy. Here, forensic autopsy differs from that practiced by the pathologist. Without knowledge of the situation at the discovery location, the forensic physician runs the risk of not recognizing facts that are important for reconstruction and thus becoming a "destroyer of clues". The second part of medical criminalistics is the actual detection of medical clues, i.e., the investigation of medical clues with special methods, including histological and toxicological investigations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Doing the business: entrepreneurship, the working class, and detectives in the East End of London

Doing the Business looks at the culture of London's East End and its relationship with the Criminal Investigation Department of the Metropolitan Police. The cultures of both the East End and the CID are examined in terms of their relationship with the market place and the emergent strategies of negotiation, trading, and, most importantly, entrepreneurship. The author breaks new ground in several crucial areas. He asks how well traditional notions of working class culture fit the East End, and argues convincingly that they do not. His model of an entrepreneurial working class culture (a shadow economy) is a departure from the routine 'them and us' picture of class relationships in Britain. He links the working class ethos peculiar to the East End with the occupational culture of detectives in an illuminating analysis of the working identity of plain clothes policing. There is also much of interest and originality in his theories of crime and delinquency, and in his documentation of the history of detective work in London. This is a highly original and at times controversial piece of work that contributes not only to our knowledge of culture and sub-culture, but also to the sociology of policing, and the study of class relations and organizations.

Extraversion and the detection of information

Effects of extraversion on the validity of psychophysiological detection of deception by means of the guilty knowledge test were examined in a mock crime experiment. Subjects were 94 volunteers from a criminal investigation department. Extraversion was measured by the Eysenck Personality Inventory. Using differences in skin conductance reactions to critical and noncritical items of the guilty knowledge test, extraverted guilty subjects were classified more accurately than guilty introverts.

A Review of Techniques of Crime Scene Inves tigation

Abstract The original publication of this book was entitled Crime Detection—Modern Methods of Criminal Investigation and was written by Arne Svensson and Otto Wendel in 1955. An English translation was made available. In 1965, the second edition appeared with the same title and authors plus Joseph D. Nickle as editor. Now, 16 years later, the third edition appears with a name change and a third author. Despite the fact that the esteemed Arne Svensson and Otto Wendel of the Criminal Investigation Department of Stockholm, Sweden, are still the two lead authors, this appears to be an almost entirely American book. The dozens of persons who are acknowledged as having contributed to this edition are nearly all from the United States or Canada.

Statistical Aspects of Monitoring for Dangers in Drug Therapy)

A therapeutic drug has a complicated life history, and some of the important stages of this are described in the paper. Before it can even be referred to as a drug, it must be identified as a chemical compound worth investigation as possibly having useful pharmacological properties. From among large numbers in this category, a few must be selected by a screening process. Toxicity tests and clinical trials each bring their special problems for the statistician. When a new drug has had its usefulness established, standardization of its potency by biological assay may be necessary, and this also uses statistical techniques.Most of the paper is concerned with adverse reactions to drugs when used in medical practice, and methods for detecting these. In response to recent recognition of dangers, systems for monitoring for adverse reactions to drugs that occur during normal therapeutic use have been developed in many countries. The paper outlines the logical basis of monitoring and discusses its practical implementation. New problems of statistical inference, as well as large data handling activities, arise in connexion with the interpretation of evidence that is very heterogeneous in origin. The basic statistical problem appears to be one of collecting and evaluating information that may constitute a degree of suspicion calling for intensive and more objectively planned research. This type of inference seems closer to the mode of thought of a criminal investigation department than to orthodox practice of statistical estimation or decision-making; I think it has new features that deserve further study.National monitoring organizations are now cooperating, through the World Health Organization, in an international project for the combination of evidence.

Co-Operation between the Uniform Branch and the Criminal Investigation Department in the Prevention and Detection of Crime

Co-Operation between the Uniform Branch and the Criminal Investigation Department in the Prevention and Detection of Crime

Review: The History of the Criminal Investigation Department at Scotland Yard

Review: The History of the Criminal Investigation Department at Scotland Yard