Criminal Investigation Department Research Articles

Pragmatics of Contradictions in Police-Suspect Interactions in Ibadan, Nigeria

ABSTRACT This study examines the pragmatic appeal inherent in the deployment of contradictions in police- suspect interactions (PSIs). Anchoring Grice’s Cooperative Principle as theoretical model, ten purposively selected interrogation sessions on murder, felony, conspiracy and unlawful conversion, observed at the State Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Department, Ìyágankú, Ibadan, Nigeria, were analysed. Suspects consciously violate the cooperative maxims to seek exoneration. Contradictions are constructed through denials, deliberate omissions, inclusion and rewording. The use of contradictions generates context-driven implicatures in a bid to initiate, maintain, sustain and contest power in PSIs. The study notes that power is contextually erected in PSIs.

Становление сыскной полиции на территории области Войска Донского (1870–1918)

Every year, on November 5, criminal investigation officers are honored in Russia, which is timed to coincide with an event that occurred in 1918, when the Central Criminal Investigation Department was established as part of the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs of the RSFSR. This tradition originated in the Soviet period, and is continuously honored in the internal affairs bodies of the Russian Federation. At the same time, criminal investigation originated in the pre-Soviet period, and studying the history of the detective police of the Russian Empire allows us to form a more objective view of the domestic law enforcement system. After the dissolution of the tsarist police in March 1917, the future criminal investigation department underwent reorganization, its units were retained due to the special value of full-time undercover officers who continued to fight crime. The prepared scientific article examines in detail the experience of the formation of detective units and departments in the territory of the Donskoy Army Region, which is valuable for the history of the state and law of Russia and internal affairs bodies.

False confessions among suspects in police custody: Implications of anxiety and perceived stress

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of anxiety and stress on false confessions among police suspects in custody.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: The study adopted an ex post facto design. Participants were one hundred and nine (N 109) suspects in custody at the State Criminal Investigation Department of Kaduna State Police Command, Kaduna State, Nigeria. The present study included three measurement tools to assess different constructs: The Gudjonsson Confession Questionnaire-Revised (GCQ-R) was utilized to evaluate false confession, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was employed to assess anxiety levels, and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) was utilized to measure perceived stress.
 Findings: Results revealed that state anxiety positively predicted false confession (β =0.191, p < 0.05), whereas trait anxiety has no significant effect on false confession (β=- 0.050, p > 0.05), while perceived stress positively predicted false confession (β =0.273, p < 0.05).
 Conclusion: The study concluded that state anxiety and perceived stress contribute to a suspect’s predisposition to make a false confession. It was recommended that police officers be more cognizant of when and under what conditions they use interrogation methods in view of the level of anxiety and stress the suspect might be in.

Nigerian Police Force and Fight Against Urban Crimes in Nigeria: Assessment of Socio-Economic Implications

This study assessed the socio-economic implications of the fight against urban crimes in Nigeria by the Nigerian Police Force. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design and made use of both primary and secondary sources of data. The population of the study was the police men and women of the Force Criminal Investigation Department of the Nigerian Police Force State Commands in Imo, Lagos and Abuja numbering 165 (which also serves as sample population of the study). The study adopted the non-probability (judgmental) sampling technique; and the data collected through structured questionnaire instrument were presented and analyzed using frequency percentage and chi-square (X2) statistical instrument of analysis. The study revealed a number of drivers of crimes in urban areas as well as the socio-economic implication of crimes in urban areas in Nigeria. Based on the revelations, the researchers recommended among others that there should be a very proactive and responsive security template for security outfits in Nigeria to ensure adequate safety of lives and properties within the country as it would go a long way in addressing the operational inefficiency and logistical challenges faced by Commands of the Nigeria Police Force in responding adequately to meet residents’ demand for security of their lives and properties.

Advancing Justice: Embracing a Progressive Legal Framework for Case Resolution in Central Java Police Criminal Investigation (A Case Study at Polda Ditreskrimsus)

Progressive law emphasizes the evolution of legal principles, asserting that laws are crafted for the benefit of humans rather than humans existing solely for the sake of the law. It is guided by moral considerations, seeking to incorporate fundamental values and moral principles in the formulation of laws. This approach places a strong emphasis on conscience, viewed through the lenses of empathy, honesty, and courage. Prophetic intelligence, a foundational element of progressive law, highlights human capacity for self-transformation through interactions, socialization, and adaptation, with a focus on upholding basic values that safeguard human rights. These values are articulated in three key aspects: the philosophical aspect, emphasizing justice; the juridical aspect, emphasizing certainty; and the sociological aspect, emphasizing expediency. Restorative justice, as a manifestation of progressive law, offers an alternative approach to resolving criminal cases. It shifts the focus from punitive measures to a peace-oriented process, achieved through mediation between the offender and the victim. This process prioritizes restoring the original condition and rebuilding positive societal relations. The Head of the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia Regulation Number 08 of 2021, addressing the Handling of Criminal Acts based on Restorative Justice, serves as a guideline for the National Police in resolving criminal acts. This regulation underscores the importance of restoring the original state and achieving a balance in protecting the interests of both victims and perpetrators, moving away from a punitive-oriented approach. The implementation of Restorative Justice in the Criminal Investigation Department of the Central Java Regional Police provides an avenue for resolving criminal acts by engaging the perpetrator, victim, their families, legal advisors, and other stakeholders through a peace-focused process, with a central emphasis on restoring the original state.

Criminal Investigation Department Of Cianjur Police Resort Services In Providing Support To The Victims Of Human Trafficking

This study motivated by existence case trading people in the police station Cianjur, which is during This often ignored is related giving support to trafficking victims human level police, This like those in the environment Police Cianjur was discovered own problem or gap in protection of humans trafficking victims, who can seen from exists uncertainty in get due rights and support given by the Police Cianjur. Various problems This need reviewed in a way deep order the problem the can resolved. Therefore that, research This addressed For analyze Criminal Investigation Unit services Police Cianjur in giving support towards trafficking victims human.The theory used in study This is theory service public, theory management public, and theory policy public. Research methods This is method study field carried out through approach study qualitative, with type study exploratory, which is next analyzed with technique data reduction, data presentation, and data verification. Research results This show that service protection and provision support to trafficking victims human, police Cianjur can provide service comprehensive medical, psychological, legal, social, and educational. This thing will help victims of trafficking man recover in a way physical and mental, giving protection legal, and helpful they start new life. However, there is a number obstacle like limitations facility medical, stigma against service psychological, slow legal process, social stigma, and limitations access education is also necessary resolved. Therefore the improvement strategy involving services strengthening Work same, provision facilities, training personnel, and campaigns awareness public need implemented.

Investigative interviewing with suspects: Exploring current practices among Malaysian police

The interviewing of suspects is a key component in the investigation process. Although a great deal of research on interrogation and interviewing techniques has been conducted in the past, much of this work has been undertaken outside South East Asia. This new study examined Malaysian police officers’ reported rate of use of a large variety of investigative interviewing techniques categorised into six domains: rapport and relationship building, context manipulation, emotion provocation, confrontation/competition, collaboration and presentation of evidence. Eighty-eight police officers primarily from the criminal investigation department, narcotics crime investigation department, commercial crime investigation department, and traffic enforcement and investigation department participated in a pen-and-paper survey. Findings revealed that many police officers in the current study report adopting investigative interviewing techniques that are largely in line with ethical, non-coercive guidelines.

UPAYA PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PENYIDIK DIREKTORAT TINDAK PIDANA SIBER BARESKRIM POLRI DALAM MENANGANI KASUS CYBER CRIME

This research design uses a qualitative approach. The informants in this study were 3 members of the Criminal Investigation Unit of the Police consisting of 1 member of the Criminal Investigation Department and 2 personnel of the National Police Cyber ​​Dittipid at the National Police Headquarters. While the object of research is the competence of investigators of the National Police's Criminal Investigation Department in handling Cyber ​​Crime Cases. The reason for the competence of the investigators of the Dittipidsiber Bareskrim Polri in handling Cyber ​​Crime Cases still needs to be improved in terms of: (1) Aspects of attitude/personality (attitude), there are obstacles to public perception s that there are still unscrupulous Polri investigators; (2) Intellectuality/knowledge, there are still a small number of Polri investigators who do not understand the laws and regulations of criminal acts; (3) expertise/skills, there are still a small proportion who do not have basic investigative skills education (research vocational education/specialized vocational education) in handling cyber crime cases. Then efforts to improve the competence of the National Police's Dittipidsiber Bareskrim investigators in handling Cyber ​​Crime cases can be carried out by: (1) Attitude / Personality (Attitude) aspects by conducting mental training to Polri investigators on a regular basis, conducting regular ESQ (Emotional Spiritual Quotient) training; (2) Intellectuality/Knowledge by organizing professional investigative management training, disseminating new laws and regulations, sending good investigative personnel to attend investigation courses and investigative exercises, holding discussions, dialogues, workshops and seminars on investigative management; (3) Expertise/Skills by conducting training on the use and operationalization of computer and internet technology, making quick, easy and effective systems and administrative investigation methods, providing training on electronic evidence in cyber crime cases.

FIGHTING THE MENACE OF THE SOCIETY: PURSUING THE CORRUPTS

In 2021, Transparency International ranked Malaysia 62 out of 180 countries in the world, and the perceived level of corruption in the public sector was recorded at 63.30% as compared to 17.06% in the private sector. Historically, the effort to prevent corruption in Malaysia began in 1950 with the introduction of the Prevention of Corruption Ordinance (POCO) 1950 to replace the previous laws of the Federated Malays States (Enactment No. 23 of 1938), the State of Johore (Johore Enactment No. 14 of 1940) and the former Straits Settlements (Straits Settlements Ordinance No. 14 of 1937). Applying doctrinal research and adopting a historical and descriptive approach, the paper seeks to describe the history of the anti-corruption law and agencies created before and after independence focusing on the agencies’ organisational and structural development. There is also a brief discussion on the late Tan Sri Harun Mahmud Hashim who helmed the anti-corruption agency. Since independence, the government had tirelessly carried out efforts to combat corruption with the formation of the Criminal Investigation Department (Special Crime) and the Anti-Corruption Section (ACS) and then consolidated into one body called the Anti-Corruption Agency (ACA) with the passing of the Anti-Corruption Agency Act 1982. In 2008, the government unanimously approved the establishment of the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC) by replacing the ACA Act 1997 with the Malaysia Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2009, which came into effect on 1 January 2009. The MACC became an independent, transparent, and professional body to effectively and efficiently manage the nation’s anti-corruption initiatives

ANALISIS KLASIFIKASI KASUS TINDAK PIDANA PENCURIAN DENGAN POHON KEPUTUSAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA C4.5 (STUDI KASUS POLSEK TELANAIPURA)

Telanaipura Sector Police is the Republic of Indonesia's Police command structure at the sub-district level in Jambi Province. In the criminal investigation department, the telecommunication sector in processing criminal data is still done manually assisted with Microsoft Word so that the processing of the data has not been properly processed in order to carry out data analysis, evaluation and profiling of data on the increasing number and extent of crime. extensively. The aim of reducing crime rates is that it needs to be built web-based applications and tested using WEKA applications to help process and analyze data using data mining techniques using the decision tree method. In analyzing the data using the age, time, place of occurrence, crime decision tree as an attribute of the case and article theft as a class. In making this prediction application, the PHP and HTML programming languages ​​are used. And using databases using MYSQL and in analyzing using Microsoft Excel and WEKA. The data inputted is in the form of data on the offender, violation data and admin data. The attributes that are inputted in the WEKA application are attributes of age, time, place of occurrence, and crime and articles of violation as a class. The output generated from the WEKA application is in the form of rules or rules from the decision tree while the output generated by the web-based prediction interface results in article violation classes and generates reports on the perpetrator's actions, the number of crimes, crimes per period and per violation article. With the Mining Data Prediction Interface Criminal Classification on the Police of the Jambi Telecommunication Sector Using the Decision Tree Method Can Help the Telanaipura Jambi Sector Police in evaluating and profiling criminal offenders.

Formation of the Information Service in the Criminal Investigation Bodies in Siberia in the 1920s

The article examines the formation of the information service of the criminal investigation authorities in Siberia in the 1920s. The article analyzes the activities of the criminal investigation department to obtain operational information from the criminal environment in conditions of a sharp increase in crime. The authors come to the conclusion that the organization of operational investigative work was difficult, with an acute shortage of funding. The article emphasizes that the work of the information service of the criminal investigation authorities was well staged in the cities. Insufficient operational and agent capabilities in rural Siberia have led to the low effectiveness of the fight against crime in rural areas. In general, the activities of informants of the criminal investigation department increased the effectiveness of the fight against crime. During the period under study, the criminal investigation information service became an important part of the law enforcement system of the Soviet state.

Comparison of Police Data on Animal Cruelty and the Perception of Animal Welfare NGOs in Hungary

Animal cruelty has been a criminal offence in Hungary since 2004 and the legislator has tightened and differentiated the regulations in several waves since then. However, it is not an exaggeration to say that the public is often impatient and dissatisfied with the actions of the authorities in relation to animal cruelty. In our research, based on the data of the Criminal Investigation Department of the National Police Headquarters, we examined the opinions of 99 out of a total of 155 police stations in Hungary whose staff currently working there had experience in dealing with animal cruelty. The investigators gave their opinion on a total of 1169 cases in which some kind of police action was taken, either following a report to the police or as a result of their own investigative actions. In another survey, we questioned those members of society who are most committed to animal protection using a self-completion questionnaire. The questionnaire sent to the 116 Hungarian animal welfare non-governmental organisations (NGOs) on the publicly available lists was also posted for a short period on the social networking site of NGO activists. Among those who responded, a total of 150 identified as active participants in the animal protection work of these NGOs. The picture of the police treatment of animal cruelty, as perceived by NGOs working in the field of animal protection, is significantly less favourable than suggested by the police data. According to the official data, 77.7% of reports initiated an investigation, while the vast majority of animal welfare activists (81.3%) suspects that only 25% of the reports result in action by the prosecuting authority.

Somali Passport Service Providers Competing for Bribes: Which Government Body Is Taking More?

This research investigates the prevalence of corruption and use of intermediaries at immigration sites, the municipality, and the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in Mogadishu, Somalia. Through an online survey, 80 responses were recorded from residents in Mogadishu who work in academia, businesses, and international NGOs. Five anonymous civil servants were interviewed over telephone to further learn about the difficulties and potential solutions to the corruption problem. The statistical analysis revealed that Immigration is relatively less corrupted. This is due to changes in management and administrative reforms, ability to challenge fraudulent temptation of staff through call centers, and having better institutional and staff capacities than the other two institutions in question. Furthermore, direct supervision from the Ministry of Internal Security at the site of immigration with relatively enhanced working conditions with higher salaries allows for better functioning compared to Mogadishu Municipality, which is a local authority, and CID, a subdivision of an underpaid police department. Alternatively, more than half of the citizens use an intermediary to obtain their passports, birth certificates, and criminal record letters. According to the binary regression analysis, male applicants are more likely to use an intermediary than females.

PECULIARITIES OF TEACHING POLICE OFFICERS THE BASICS OF THE RUSSIAN SIGN LANGUAGE

The article shows the practical aspects of training employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, as well as presents the means of developing linguistic competence and ways of forming students’ creative capabilities.
 The object of the research is to develop pedagogical principles for organizing the learning process that contribute to the study of educational material in Russian Sign Language.
 The subject of the research is Russian Sign Language.
 The research methods consist of theoretical analysis of the works of Russian and foreign linguists, method of empirical analysis.
 The results of the scientific work are aimed at improving the efficiency of educational work with students during the training program “Training skills of the Russian sign language for duty units employees, district police officers, patrol service, traffic road safety, criminal investigation department, for migration issues”.

“Hot street” of crime detection in London borough and lockdown impacts

ABSTRACT In recent years, the police intervention strategy “Hot spots policing” has been effective in combating crimes. However, as cities are under the intense pressure of increasing crime and scarce police resources, police patrols are expected to target more accurately at finer geographic units rather than ballpark “hot spot” areas. This study aims to develop an algorithm using geographic information to detect crime patterns at street level, the so-called “hot street”, to further assist the Criminal Investigation Department (CID) in capturing crime change and transitive moments efficiently. The algorithm applies Kernel Density Estimation (KDE) technique onto street networks, rather than traditional areal units, in one case study borough in London; it then maps the detected crime “hot streets” by crime type. It was found that the algorithm could successfully generate “hot street” maps for Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs), enabling more effective allocation of police patrolling; and bear enough resilience itself for the Strategic Crime Analysis (SCA) team’s sustainable utilization, by either updating the inputs with latest data or modifying the model parameters (i.e. the kernel function, and the range of spillover). Moreover, this study explores contextual characteristics of crime “hot streets” by applying various regression models, in recognition of the best fitted Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model, encompassing eight significant contextual factors with their varied effects on crimes at different streets. Having discussed the impact of lockdown on crime rates, it was apparent that the land-use driven mobility change during lockdown was a fundamental reason for changes in crime. Overall, these research findings have provided evidence and practical suggestions for crime prevention to local governors and policy practitioners, through more optimal urban planning (e.g. Low Traffic Neighborhoods), proactive policing (e.g. in the listed top 10 “Hot Streets” of crime), publicizing of laws and regulations, and installations of security infrastructures (e.g. CCTV cameras and traffic signals).

MOTIVATIONAL READINESS OF CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION DEPARTMENT OFFICERS TO PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY

The article presents the results of theoretical and experimental research of psychological peculiarities of the motivational readiness of criminal investigation department officers to professional activity. This problem was actualized by the fact that in the current conditions in many regions of the country the workload on the officers of the internal affairs bodies, in particular, the employees of the criminal investigation departments, has increased significantly. 
 As a result of the theoretical analysis, it was found that the complexity of the activity of criminal investigation department officers dictates the high requirements for the professional training of each officer. Investigative activity requires an officer of internal affairs bodies to have appropriate professional training and a clear understanding of the main values of the profession. The motivation of professional activity is an important component in the development of a young specialist. The formation of motivational readiness is possible under the condition of a certain social guarantee to the officer from the system of internal affairs bodies and the activation of the process of theory and practice combining during the period of mastering the profession. 
 The data of the experimental research of the motivational readiness of criminal investigation department officers to professional activity proved the preference of extreme types of activity among professional inclinations. These are the professions related to security and investigative activities, since different situations of an official nature are possible in the activity of law enforcement officers. Inclinations to research activity are also significant. In the hierarchy of motives for choosing a profession by officers of the criminal investigation sector of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, those motives that are significant for the implementation of the chosen professional activity, namely internal individually significant motives and external positive motives, dominate. This proves that law enforcement officers are focused on the profession and strive to work effectively on mastering it in the future, as they consider the chosen profession to be their vocation and want to reveal creatively and express themselves in it. 
 The attitude of the subjects to labor activity is positive in general. In addition, it was possible to prove that subjects with developed internal individually significant motives for choosing a profession have a higher level of readiness to master the profession of an investigator.

Design and Implementation of Trace Inspection System Based upon Hyperspectral Imaging Technology.

Trace inspection is a key technology for collecting crime scenes in the criminal investigation department. A lot of information can be obtained by restoring and analyzing the remaining traces on the scene. However, with the development of digital technology, digital trace inspection has become more and more popular. So, the main research of this article is the design and realization of the trace inspection system based on hyperspectral imaging technology. This article proposes nondestructive testing technology in hyperspectral imaging technology. Combining basic principles of spectroscopy and the image of residual traces such as car tires, shoe soles, and blood stains, it can identify the key traces. Then, based on the image denoising and least squares support vector machine method, this study improves the accuracy and restoration of the image. Therefore, this study designs a test for the trace inspection system for testing hyperspectral imaging technology. The test items include the performance of the trace inspection system, the noise reduction of the trace inspection system, and the ability of the trace inspection system to inspect blood stains. The final collected data are improved to get the trace inspection system based on hyperspectral imaging technology proposed in this study. Compared with the traditional trace inspection system, the experimental results show that the trace inspection system based on hyperspectral imaging technology can improve the accuracy by 5%–28%, compared with the traditional trace inspection system. The image restoration degree of the hyperspectral imaging technology trace inspection system can be improved by 1%–19%, compared with the traditional trace inspection system.

EXtensible Business Reporting Language: a study of trend and implementations

Digitalisation has altered the ways businesses operate and exist in the changing times of technology advancements. With businesses becoming more diverse and expanding across boundaries, a continuous need has been felt by different countries and organisations around world to adopt a standard way of recording the information. Hence there is increase in the pace of XBRL adoption by different countries. From the beginning of 2021 only, capital markets of 21 different countries have implemented XBRL projects. In light of this, the present study aims to study the trend and pattern of research made on XBRL from the year 2000 to 2021. Further, the evaluation of the extent of implementation of XBRL projects across countries, with special reference to India will also be carried out. The results revealed that in the initial years, an increasing trend in rate of publications was been registered. But after 2012, a fluctuating pattern in the rate of publications was noticed. On the other hand, with regard to implementation across countries, till date 184 projects have been implemented across 60 countries. With reference to India, Reserve bank of India, Ministry of Corporate Affairs, different stock exchanges, Securities and Exchange Board of India and criminal investigation department of Maharashtra have implemented a number of XBRL projects since 2009. Keywords: XBRL, project, trend, digitalisation, countries

Legal regulation of the use of scientific and technical means when solving crimes by employees of the criminal investigation department in Donbass in 1918–1953

The article reflects the main aspects of formation of legal regulation of the use of scientific and technical means when solving crimes by the employees of the criminal investigation department in Donbass in 19181953. A close relationship is indicated between the degree of introduction of scientific and technical means into the activities of operational officers of the criminal investigation department with the growth of quantitative and qualitative indicators in the fight against crime in Donbass in 19181953. Particular attention is paid to the interaction of operational and forensic departments of the internal affairs bodies in solving various types of crimes and there made it possible to effectively counteract crime and the growth of its most dangerous manifestations in the postwar years in the Soviet Union. It is summarized that on the basis of the accumulated experience, new research methods, scientific and technical methods were developed, which were introduced into the practice of criminal investigation. Supporting the need for direct cooperation of the investigative authorities with experts, it is indicated that it is inadmissible to make erroneous decisions based on the experts conclusions due to the influence of various factors.

Cybercrime in Ghana and Victims Accounts

The main thrust of the study was to examine how cybercrime victims are being lured into virtual space by scammers and later swindled. Qualitative research method was advanced to explore the dynamics of cybercrime activities in Ghana. Secondary data were sourced from the Criminal Investigation Department of the Ghana Police Service. Purposive sampling technique was outlined to engage with the respondents. Structured interview guide was considered as a data collection instrument. In the data analysis, each of the in-depth interviews was transcribed as soon as the information was gathered and developed into codes. Six (6) internet victims took part in the study. The investigation revealed that people become internet victims as a result of unrealistic profit ventures, online romance, raffle schemes, America green card lottery and rent apartment deals. Out of the six cases, only one culprit was imprisoned and even the approach was conventional policing strategy considering the volatile nature of the cybercrime related offences. It was concluded from the discussions that the National Commission for Civic Education (NCCE) should create public awareness about the social and economic consequences of cybercrime activities in the country. The education should further emphasize on the social engineering tactics employed by the conmen to dupe their client on the internet.
 
 Received: 8 March 2022 / Accepted: 25 April 2022 / Published: 5 May 2022