Criminal Ideology Research Articles

Genocide of the Russian-speaking population of Donbass. Criminological and criminal law justification

The article analyzes the causes and conditions of genocide of the Russian speaking population of Donbass by the Kiev regime, shows its connection with the criminal ideology and practice of Nazism. Based on the norms of international and criminal law, as well as the facts of criminal activity (Article 357 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), the theoretical and legal justification of the need to condemn and bring the leadership of Ukraine to criminal responsibility, including at the international level, is given.

Problems of Countering the Criminal Subculture in the Penitentiary System of Kazakhstan

The present paper examines the problematic issues of countering the criminal subculture in the conditions of the penitentiary system of Kazakhstan. Currently, the administration of these institutions, various state bodies, and numerous public organisations are engaged in the rehabilitation of prisoners. Through joint efforts, it was possible to stop the wide spread of criminal ideology in places of detention. At the same time, a detailed study of the current situation shows that the criminal subculture, primarily the phenomenon of “code-bound thieves”, till plays a certain role there, since it was formed over many decades of Soviet and post-Soviet history. In modern conditions, this phenomenon has been significantly transformed, but nevertheless, it seeks to strengthen its influence in the penitentiary system of Kazakhstan.

Destructive social movements “Maniacs. Killing cult” and the “World of maniacs and serial killers”: forming a criminal ideology

Objective: analysis of the semantic field of Internet publics of destructive social groups “Maniacs. The cult of murder” and “The world of maniacs and serial killers”, the reasons for the interest of teenagers and young people in these groups, the techniques used by moderators of social network pages to attract supporters and form a cult of violence among them and stimulate the commission of murders based on the research results (multidimensional content analysis of the social network pages content).Methods: general scientific (analysis, system-structural, comparative-legal) and specific scientific methods (multidimensional content analysis of the social network pages content).Results: based on the analysis of more than 17 thousand fragments of correspondence of participants of the movement “Maniacs. The cult of murder” and more than 34 thousand fragments of correspondence of participants of the movement “The world of maniacs and serial killers”, a semantic field was constructed, including the main topics discussed on the pages of the above-mentioned destructive social groups, methods of involving teenagers in a destructive total ideology modeling the most important spheres of life of the movements’ supporters, leveling the value of human life and turning someone else’s death into an ordinary phenomenon. It is concluded that within the framework of the destructive radical nationalist social movement “Maniacs. The cult of murder” an ideology was formed that has the following features: teleology, scientific appearance, wide audience coverage, presence of symbols and attributes, discussion of topics that have a socially negative character, using the language means that are understandable only to the community members.Scientific novelty: the main topics discussed by participants of destructive social movements “Maniacs. The cult of murder” and “The world of maniacs and serial killers” are described and analyzed. It is proved that as a result of immersion into such content, violence and murder cease to cause natural negative emotions, feelings of disgust and empathy for the victim in teenagers. The study showed that the formation and distribution of content in publics currently takes place on behalf of the users, which, on the one hand, allows removing part of the responsibility from the moderators, and on the other hand, turns the pages of movements into a so-called self-reproducing (by terminology of Niklas Luhmann – autopoietic) system capable of self-production, i.e. its existence is ensured by the activity of the users.Practical significance: the article materials can be useful to federal and regional authorities in implementing various aspects of youth policy, preventing sociopathic behavior of young people, ensuring the safety of educational institutions; to parents and family members of problem adolescents; and to scientists researching destructive youth network movements.

«CRIMINAL CAREER» AS THE MAIN FEATURE IN THE CRIMINOLOGICAL, CRIMINAL LAW AND CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PERPETRATOR OF THE CRIME «TAKING THE HIGHEST POSITION IN THE CRIMINAL HIERARCHY»

The perpetrator of the crime under Article 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation is characterized by willingness to follow criminal ideology, to lead the criminal hierarchy using an arsenal of illegal methods, to organize and expand the scope and territory of criminal activity through subordinate structures, actively counteract the law enforcement function of the state. The criminal career of the leader of the criminal hierarchy is the basis for qualifying a crime, determining the circumstances included in the subject of proof, for planning and organizing an investigation. Purpose: to analyze the criminal law, criminological and criminalistic characteristics of the perpetrator of the crime – «Taking the highest position in the criminal hierarchy». Methods: empirical methods of comparison, description, interpretation; theoretical methods of formal and dialectical logic; specific scientific methods: legal-dogmatic and interpretation of legal norms. Results: the study makes it possible to identify problems in the qualification of the crime, to highlight the criminal law, criminological and criminalistic signs of the perpetrator of the crime under Article 210.1 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, to formulate recommendations on the organization and planning of the investigation of this crime.

Ensuring ideological security in places of deprivation of liberty

This article analyzes law enforcement and law-making aspects of the security of convicts serving sentences in places of deprivation of liberty. Main attention is paid to issues of preserving traditional spiritual and moral values in the process of punishment, and achieving correction of convicts in terms of forming respect for the rules and traditions of human community. The importance of recognizing human dignity for determining the directions of development of the rule of law and the formation of law-abiding behavior of convicts is noted. The problems of the influence of criminal ideology on the process of serving a sentence, and the acceptance of Nazi paraphernalia and symbols, are analyzed in particular. Based on the study of trends in law enforcement and legal interpretation, an assessment of the validity of the introduction of criminal liability for public justification or propaganda of extremism was carried out. A discursive analysis of the spread of criminal extremist ideology in places of detention reflects two main dangers: the unspoken stratification and caste system among convicts is aggravated, which is often difficult to overcome in the process of re-socialization;, and secular culture absorbs criminal traditions almost unhindered, taking and “being infected” with markers of prison subcultures. The expansion of criminal responsibility in the sphere of countering the spread of the ideology of extremism associated with threats to state and public security, human life and health, public order and the well-being of citizens is seen as a promising direction of the legislative process.

Conditions of the foundation of Ukrainian nationalism

Abstract The consequences of implementing the assumptions of the ideology of Ukrainian nationalism were especially tragic for the Polish population living in Volhynia and Eastern Lesser Poland. The number of Poles murdered by the OUN-UPA and other armed Ukrainian nationalist formations in 1939-1948 is not known exactly, but it is estimated that it was from 80,000 to 150,000 people. This article is an attempt to answer the question of what the determinants of Ukrainian nationalism were. For this purpose, it refers to the historical, civilization and cultural background on which the Ukrainian soul have been shaped for centuries. This foundation prepared the space for the emergence of a criminal ideology, and then for its implementation.

Systems of social networks of delinquent young people

Social networks are considered an ontological attribute of the existence of a modern person. The modern ideas describe an important role of the system of social networks in socialization and adaptation of a person, motivation to the social activity, assistance and support in difficult life situations. The studies of criminals’ social networks show their significance in motivation to crime, formation of criminal ideology. Besides, it is proved that the quality of social networks impacts the prevention and suppression of crimes among teenagers and young people. However, the attitudes of young people towards the social environment and their relationship to it are still not properly studied. Understanding it will allow explaining the impact of the social environment on the criminalization and social rehabilitation of young people. Objective of the research: to study the parameters of social networks of delinquent young people including the comparison with the similar parameters of law-abiding young people. Methods. The data collection method is a questionnaire that describes the parameters of social networks, i.e. volume, stability, homogeneity, subordination, and referentiality. The method of results processing is descriptive statistics and also a non-parametric analogue of the one-way ANOVA test (Kruskal-Wallis test). The research sample was made up of 220 people of 18-27 years old, 73.5% of respondents were men; among the participants in the research, 115 people have been convicted of committing a crime, 105 people are law-abiding and do not have any criminal record. Results and novelty: New data were obtained about the specific character of social networks of delinquent young people with regard to the small volume of relations, homogeneity of participants, low refenetiality of the social environment; the perspectives of the study of the social networks in the conditions of the social regulation of interaction were determined taking into account the sex and social and cultural specific character.

“AUE” Extremist Criminal Community

Introduction. The recognition by the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of the youth movement “AUE” as an extremist organization requires criminological analysis, both from the point of view of the social conditionality of a socially dangerous phenomenon, and in terms of possible criminal planning. Purpose. The goal is to consider the development of the criminal community of AUE and show what exactly determines the degree and scale of its criminality, to suggest the main directions of the strategy for countering this phenomenon. Methodology. Historical, systematic, and logical research methods are used. Results. In the historical context, the abbreviation “AUE” has several interpretations. One of them is indicated in the decision of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation. The second sounds like this: “the convict way of life is one”, the third - “the convict urkagan unity”. In any case, we are talking about the spread of criminal ideology, which for a long time in Russia was not only ignored, but even “attached” to it in the form of perception and widespread use of Argo by professional criminals in the media. Within the framework of its activities and in its interests, members of the “AUE” committed extremist offenses, as well as mass riots. The movement's activities based on criminal and extremist ideology pose a real threat to the life and health of citizens, society and the state. The lack of attention of law enforcement agencies to this problem allowed the Association “AUE” to involve hundreds of thousands (and by some estimates - millions) of young people in its ranks and take root in the information and network space. The fascination with the younger generations ideas of the “AUE” is a natural result of the marginalization of the population, its sharp differentiation in access to standards of modern civilization, the result of the masses of poor, downtrodden people (F. M. Dostoevsky), located on the periphery of the living space - in the social and territorial dimensions. There is reason to believe that the emergence of the Association “AUE” is one of the embodiments of criminal design carried out by the criminal community of “thieves in law”. Conclusion. Association “AUE” corresponds to the characteristics of an extremist community. However, the strategy to counter this phenomenon should follow a certain order. First of all, it is necessary to block the trend of marginalization of the population. Second of all, it is necessary to establish special control over those objects where criminal ideology is especially actively implanted. The third is to ensure effective monitoring of social networks. And only in the fourth - to address the application of criminal law.

An anti-communist Consensus: The Black Book of communism in Pan-European Perspective

Le Livre noir du communisme (1997) a fait office de preuve irréfutable dans de nombreux pays que le communisme était une idéologie criminelle aussi « néfaste » que le nazisme. Afin de comprendre l’impact remarquable de cet ouvrage à travers l’Europe, nous replaçons sa production et sa circulation dans l’histoire transnationale de l’anticommunisme en nous focalisant sur la période souvent négligée entre la chute du bloc soviétique et l’élargissement de l’Union européenne. Une approche biographique centrée sur les acteurs engagés dans la production et la diffusion du livre dans cinq pays (France, Pologne, Roumanie, Hongrie et République tchèque) démontre que le Livre noir a constitué une étape charnière dans la formation d’un mouvement anticommuniste restructuré par-delà l’ancien clivage Est-Ouest.

ОТДЕЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ КВАЛИФИКАЦИИ ДЕЙСТВИЙ, ДЕЗОРГАНИЗУЮЩИХ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЙ, ОБЕСПЕЧИВАЮЩИХ ИЗОЛЯЦИЮ ОТ ОБЩЕСТВА (ст. 321 УК РФ)

Prison crime is an integral part of crime in the country. Crimes committed in correctional institutions pose a serious problem, because they undermine the penitentiary system authority, impede the punishment goal achievement, destabilize the situation in prisons, and have a negative impact on the convicts’ behavior. Currently, 58 % of convicts in prisons have been tried repeatedly; 47% are serving sentences for committing grave and especially grave crimes. Numerous groups of negative-minded convicts in penal colonies adhere to the traditions of the criminal environment with its “criminal ideology”. The two forms of criminal activity – organized and conventional – have merged: organized and conventional. The “criminal ideology” in prisons bring about the “seizure of power”, when correctional colonies and their contingent begin to serve sentences according to “criminal notions” in accordance with the “criminal subculture”, not according to the norms of executive legislation. The present day shows the confrontation between “us” and “them”. The correctional colonies with “criminal subcultures” are called “black”, while those where the norms of executive legislation and the Internal Regulations prevail are called “red”.

Wozu ist die Auseinandersetzung mit individuellem Täterhandeln gut? Historisches Lernen über die Shoah

As a contribution to current Nazi perpetrator research, the article focuses on individual perpetrators’ actions in the Shoah. The question of how this can be adequately addressed in history lessons is answered by a teaching model that exemplifies how a criminal ideology comes to bear or reaches its limits in the decisions and actions of various perpetrators. First, guiding research questions and selected perpetrators are briefly introduced. Subsequently, the teaching model’s concept and goals are outlined and it is explained how competence and subject orientation as well as human rights education can be implemented in schools.

«Onkel Franz doch nicht!» – historisches Lernen über die Shoah durch die Auseinandersetzung mit individuellem Täterhandeln

As a contribution to current Nazi perpetrator research, the article focuses on individual perpetrator actions in the Shoah. The question of how this can be adequately addressed in history lessons is answered by a teaching model that exemplifies how a criminal ideology comes to bear or reaches its limits in the decisions and actions of various people. At the beginning, guiding research questions and selected perpetrators are briefly introduced. In addition to the concept and goals of the teaching model, the implementation of competence orientation and subject orientation are outlined.

The Opposition to Communism in the Political Thought of The Exiled Democratic Socialist Adam Ciołkosz

Abstract The Polish socialist movement has undergone various stages of development over more than 100 years of history. In the first half of the 20th century it was, to a large extent, identified with European Social Democracy. After the Second World War and the seizure of power in Poland by the communists, the socialist movement was replaced by a communist ideology that completely distorted the authentic democratic socialism and appropriated the values it represented. The unmasking of communist counterfeits was dealt with by the Polish émigré activist – Adam Ciołkosz, who as active politician and theoretician of socialism, showed a special activity in the contestation of communism. His views as an authentic Social Democrat had a significant impact on the political thought of the Polish socialist movement outside Poland. Ciołkosz, as an anti-Communist, represented such values as: respect for human rights and social justice, humanistic sensitivity, Christianity and above all socialism. At the same time, he promoted the need to fight communism and expose the criminal ideology. He pointed to the need to introduce a system of social justice (i.e. democratic socialism).

Cyber Crime: a Study

Information technology is an amalgam of some wonderful inventions of the 21st century in electronics and communication. During a very short span of time it has acquired an important place in almost all aspects of human life. But in the same context, the era of crimes with physical theft, dacoits, robbery, murder is changing day-by-day with the so called recent rapid developments of information technology. The criminal ideology is traveling in electronic, electromagnetic and visual form from one end of the world to the other end and all existing laws are becoming less effective. Any criminal activity that uses a computer either as an instrument, target or a means for perpetuating further crimes comes within the ambit of Cyber crime. A generalized definition of Cyber crime may be unlawful acts, wherein the computer is either a tool or target or both. This paper discusses Cyber crimes and suggests solutions to avoid the crimes occurring due to misuse of technology.