Criminal Characteristics Research Articles

Los delincuentes juveniles en Toledo (España) desde el año 2001 a 2012: características psicosociales, educativas y delictivas

IntroductionThis paper presents an analysis of the data of the technical team (psychologist, social worker and educator) of the juvenile court of Toledo (Spain) from 2001 to 2012. MethodologyDescriptive study of the annual series of a sample of 3,333 juvenile offenders and their psychosocial, educational and criminal characteristics. ResultsIn the latter years of the series there tends to be infractions of greater gravity committed by older boys. ConclusionsJuvenile delinquency in the province of Toledo remained constant from 2001 until 2009, when a sharp increase was observed, which lowered again during the years 2011 and 2012. However, in the latter years of the series (starting 2008) an increase in the gravity of the acts is noted, with the number of crimes increasing more significantly than the misdemeanours. The team has also detected that perhaps institutions underestimate the diagnosis of the juvenile misdemeanours, even in mental health issues, such as abuse of alcohol and other substances. Therefore, these minors may not achieve the benefits of the justice youth system.

Impact of Social Work Practice in Public Defense

Public defenders are increasingly welcoming social workers into their practice, but there is little understanding of the impact of social work services in this context. This study used propensity score matching to determine the effect of social work services on public defense clients in terms of the number and severity of criminal charges when statistically controlling for pre-existing criminal history and demographic characteristics. Findings indicate that social work and non-social work clients were similar in terms of demographics and that clients in both groups were more likely to have incurred misdemeanor charges, but clients in the social work group experienced more, suggesting greater life disruption. When comparing clients who did and did not receive social work services, results indicate that the number of misdemeanor charges incurred during a two-year time period was lower for clients who received social work services. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.

Место мотива в системе криминалистической характеристики преступлений экстремистской направленности

Место мотива в системе криминалистической характеристики преступлений экстремистской направленности

Отдельные аспекты криминалистической характеристики преступлений, совершаемых в сфере оборонно-промышленного комплекса России, в контексте проблемы обеспечения национальной безопасности

Отдельные аспекты криминалистической характеристики преступлений, совершаемых в сфере оборонно-промышленного комплекса России, в контексте проблемы обеспечения национальной безопасности

An anatomy of Turkish football match-fixing

While discussion on corruption in sport is intensifying and football match-fixing in particular is attracting increasing attention, new fixing scandals emerge offering new accounts of actors and corrupt practices within the football industry and the level of the external threat to the sport. The scandal exposure of fixed matches in Turkey in 2011 sheds light on the fixing of 17 matches played in the 2010/11 football season and allowed for insights to the actors, structure and processes behind the fix. Following four criminal and seven disciplinary proceedings, the case is still pending appeal for its final decision, involving a total of 93 suspects and having already resulted in the exclusion of two teams from European competitions. The evidence collected by the authorities points towards a hierarchical criminal organisation led by the President of a football club that arranged and coordinated the fixing in order for his team to win the national Championship. The aim of this article is to provide an account of the organisation and coordination of match-fixing in Turkey, with its actors, specifics and criminal characteristics, while offering an examination of match-fixing for sporting success, the least documented type of match-fixing.

SPECIFICITY OF QUALIFICATION OF CRIMES COMMITTED WITH THE USE OF THE INTERNET IN RELATION TO MINORS

The article analyzes the data of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation, from which it follows that over the past three years, cases of suicidal behavior of minors have increased dramatically. At the same time, the problem of leading minors to suicide by involving them in so-called death groups has recently become particularly acute. The article analyzes the criminal law characteristics of the changes in the Criminal code of the Russian Federation concerning the establishment of special mechanisms to counteract the activities aimed at encouraging children to suicidal behavior. The explanatory note to the relevant law is considered, in which it is noted that "new types of inducement to commit suicide or to facilitate the Commission of suicide were not previously predicted by science, were not timely evaluated by criminologists and in fact took a wide scale, being outside the criminal law assessment, and therefore outside the activities of law enforcement agencies to identify the organizers of such destructive activities, timely suppression of their actions, as well as protection of victims". After analyzing the sanctions, according to the newly introduced articles of the Criminal code of the Russian Federation, the authors conclude that the Russian legislator does not demonstrate a common approach to the criminal and legal assessment of criminal violence against minors, treating violent crimes against minors to various categories of crimes. It is intended to discuss the question of the uniform categorization of all crimes against minors as grave and especially grave. This is due to the fact that a person under the age of 18, regardless of the type of violence, can already be regarded as helpless because of his age, so any crime against him / her should be considered violent, and depending on the circumstances and type of violence - particularly grave.

Характеристика криміногенної ситуації в місцях позбавлення волі та кримінологічна характеристика злочинів, що там вчиняються

Характеристика криміногенної ситуації в місцях позбавлення волі та кримінологічна характеристика злочинів, що там вчиняються

Демідова В. В. Криміналістична характеристика жорстокого поводження з тваринами: поняття та сутність

Демідова В. В. Криміналістична характеристика жорстокого поводження з тваринами: поняття та сутність

Птушкін Д.А. Криміналістична характеристика особи, яка вчиняє шахрайства щодо об’єктів нерухомого майна громадян

Птушкін Д.А. Криміналістична характеристика особи, яка вчиняє шахрайства щодо об’єктів нерухомого майна громадян

К вопросу о криминалистическом обеспечении cудебного разбирательства по уголовным делам об убийствах

Currently one of the promising directions of development of criminology is the development of forensic guidelines for public prosecutors and judges with a view to their application in court. This area is still little developed, as at present, forensic science is the prevailing view on the Iimitation of the subject of criminology only within the preliminary investigation. The article presents the point of view of leading Soviet and Russian scientists-criminalists made at different times regarding the possibility and necessity of using forensic science in Court. The necessity of constructing a full-structure forensic methodology of preliminary and judicial investigation of criminal cases of murder is substantiated. The necessity of knowledge of criminalistic characteristics of crimes and criminalistic characteristics of their investigation is mentioned. The points of view regarding the definition of the subject of science of criminology are given. The authors substantiate the point of view on the need to use in the construction of full-structure forensic techniques of preliminary and judicial investigation in criminal cases of murder of the provisions of synergetics. The author provides the definition of the concept of full-structure forensic methods of preliminary and judicial investigation in criminal cases of murder.

Особа потерпілого як елемент криміналістичної характеристики вбивств з метою заволодіння житлом

Особа потерпілого як елемент криміналістичної характеристики вбивств з метою заволодіння житлом

On the Efficiency of Criminalistic Characteristics of Crimes of Individual Species and Groups

The article discusses the scientific and practical significance of the criminalistic characteristics of crimes. The correlation of the concepts of criminalistic characteristics of crimes and the subject of proof in a criminal case, which are close, but not competing with each other concepts, since they are intended to solve various problems. It is concluded that the quality, as well as the existing system of introduction of scientific products have an impact on the value of forensic characteristics for practice. Proposed measures to improve the efficiency of forensic characteristics of crimes of certain types and groups. It is concluded that the effectiveness of private methods of investigating certain types and groups of crimes directly depends on the use of more sophisticated software, complex mathematical methods, as well as on maximum detailing for individual types, sub-types of crimes, for individual regions.

Assessing Knowledge of, and Predisposing Factors Towards Money Laundering in Nigeria: a Study of Bank Staff

This study was meant to investigate knowledge of money laundering and predisposing factors towards money laundering among bank staff (i.e. bank executives and other bank staff). The study was a survey, which utilized structured questionnaire format for data collection. A total number of 1,032 bank staff were randomly selected for the study, in which 601(58.2%) were males while 431(41.8%) were females (Mean age=36.59yrs (SD=11.85). The study participants comprised 467 bank executives and other 565 category of bank staff. Data collected for the study were analyzed by both the Descriptive and Inferential statistics. The results revealed that more of the study participants were knowledgeable of the criminal characteristics of money laundering. Also, the results showed that more of the study participants were more knowledgeable of the contributory factors towards money laundering .The results revealed further that bank executives reported more of knowledge of drug trafficking as a predisposing factors towards money laundering than other bank staff (t (1032) =2.14, p .05) ,and bribery(t (1032) =.80, p>.05) respectively. The results were discussed adequately and it was hence recommended that more enlightenment programs should be put up for bank staff.

Criminal characteristics of a group of primary criminals diagnosed with aspd: approach to criminal recidivis.

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) is commonly associated with the risk of criminal recidivism. Knowing more about the factors associated with this pattern of behaviour can help with the design of effective prevention strategies. The purpose of this article is to establish if there are differences in socio-criminogenic variables of a group of criminals sentenced for the first time and with APSD compared to another group of first-time offenders who do not present this disorder. Analytical observation study of 70 men classified into 2 groups according to the presence of ASPD TPA (n=47; age: 29.98±7.8 years) or absence of ASPD (n=23; age: 32.35±8.7 years). The inmates with ASPD showed higher frequencies of current consumption of psychoactive substances (31.9%), criminal associations and simultaneous use of psychoactive substances (70.2%), having committed the crime under the effects of a psychoactive substance (55.3%), not having the possibility of distancing themselves from criminal associations (83%) and a lack of legal resources for proceedings for defence and release (76.6%). This sample contains a group of variables called dynamic that are more commonly present amongst first time offenders with ASPD; said variables have been associated as major predictors of recidivism. Given that they are regarded as dynamic, they may well be modifiable.

ON THE CRIMINALISTIC UNDERSTANDING OF CORRUPTION DIRECTEDNESS CRIMES

Analysis of international anti-corruption ratings and national statistical reports points to a consistently high level of corruption in Ukraine, and, consequently, the relevance offurther scientific support for the activities of the subjects of the fight against corruption, in particular, in the field of criminalistic supportfor the investigation of corruption offenses. Such problematics has a multifaceted character and consists of separate directions, which already have been studied in a certain way on the pages of scientific literature. At the same time, the problems of the formation of namely criminalistic understanding of corruption directedness crimes and the construction of a new criminalistic classification of this group of crimes were not earlier subjected to the system analysis, since the latter is the basis for constructing of a criminalistic characteristics of corruption directed crimes and the system of techniques for their investigation: simple and complicated ones. In the paper, the author came to the conclusion that as of today there is a need to introduce a general category of "corruption directedness crimes" into the Criminal Code of Ukraine and to distinguish two independent subgroups within its limits - corruption crimes and crimes related with corruption. Criteria for the formation of the first subgroup should be considered the essential signs and forms of corruption, and for the second - the prohibitions, restrictions and requirements stipulated by the Law of Ukraine “On the Prevention of Corruption". The proposed approach will improve the quality of the anti-corruption criminal legislation of Ukraine, increase the effectiveness ofpre-trial investigation and judicial consideration of such crimes. Before making such changes to the Criminal Code of Ukraine, proceeding from the rule of law and its constituent - legal certainty, it’s necessary to consider under corruption only the crimes, provided by Art. 45 of this Code, for the commission of which the consequences, stipulated by the mentioned Law may be applied to the person.

Особенности криминалистической характеристики мошенничества, совершаемого с использованием средств мобильной связи в учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы

Особенности криминалистической характеристики мошенничества, совершаемого с использованием средств мобильной связи в учреждениях уголовно-исполнительной системы

CONCEPT OF TORTURE IN A CRIMINAL LAW

The paper considers basic provisions about the concept of torture in a Criminal Law and characteristics of torture. Torture constitutes a serious crime with traumatic physical and psychological consequences. The ban on torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment is well articulated in national and international instruments. The paper provides analyses of various scientists, theories of Criminal Law, it also analyses the existing judicial practice.

THE RELEVANT ISSUES OF CARRYING OUT THE INVESTIGATIVE ACTION – ON-SITE EXAMINATION OF TESTIMONY – IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE OF LATVIA

One of the priorities in the activity of law enforcement establishments of Latvia is the qualitative investigation of crimes. The persons, directing the process, the investigators, prosecutors, judges constantly improve their professional skills in investigating criminal proceedings. The carrying out the investigative actions without violation of norms of Criminal and procedural law, using the scientific and technical means, with the participation of specialists is the key of successful investigation of criminal proceedings in various types of crimes. The goal of the research is the examination of criminal and procedural and tactical characteristics of the investigative action – the check of testimonies on the spot in the criminal procedure of Latvia. The scientific approaches of conducting of the check of testimonies on the spot, the practical provisions of the specified investigative action are identified; additions on the improvement of the criminal and procedural law on carrying out the check of testimonies on the spot and certain tactical proposals, related to this investigative action are made.

Comparison of Criminal Characteristics in Depression Patients and Schizophrenics with Homicide Behavior

To explore the criminal characteristics of forensic psychiatry expertise in depression patients and schizophrenics with homicide behavior. A total of 40 depression （depressive episode） patients and 50 schizophrenics with homicide behavior were randomly assigned into the study group and control group, respectively. Data of demographic and criminal characteristic of the two groups were collected by a self-designed questionnaire, and then were compared. There were no statistical differences in age, education level and career between study and control groups （P>0.05）. Compared with the control group, the victims in the study group were mainly the patient's children and parents, and most offenders had suicidal behavior after homicide （70%）. In study group, the motives of crime were mainly extended suicide and indirect suicide, and most offenders had attempted suicide （85%） and diminished capacity of criminal responsibility （70%）, which in control group had no capacity of criminal responsibility （56%）. Except for criminal site, there were statistical differences in other criminal characteristics between two groups （P<0.05）. There are different criminal characteristics between depression patients and schizophrenics with homicide behavior in forensic psychiatry, and these characteristics should be considered when these two diagnoses are distinguished in forensic psychiatry expertise.

Подолання соціальних ризиків серед реабілітованих наркозалежних осіб методами соціальної роботи

Стаття присвячена проблемі подолання соціальних ризиків серед реабілітованих наркозалежних. Розкрито сутність соціальних ризиків, виявлено вплив негативних чинників соціального середовища (на мікро-, мезо і макрорівнях). Соціальні ризики на на індивідному рівні пов’язані із особистісними чинниками (психологічними, юридичними) і детерміновані такими особливостями як рівень освіти, національність, стать, сімейний стан, кримінальна характеристика, рівень здоров’я.