Crime Prevention System Research Articles

A NEW CONCEPT OF BUILDING SANCTIONS OF THE NORMS OF CRIMINAL LEGISLATION, IN THE CONDITIONS OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES

The legislative consolidation of criminality and the punishability of an act is the main element of the crime prevention system. The world is changing, changes are taking place in all sectors of public life – politics, economics, including in the field of crime. This dictates the need for continuous improvement of the norms of criminal legislation. The proposed changes relate to the construction of the article sanction. Two models are proposed: the first is to transfer all types of punishment to the relevant articles providing for types of punishment (from the norms of the Special Part to the General Part of the Criminal Code) and the second is to fix a separate norm in each chapter of the special part with an indication of the type and amount of punishment. For the application of additional punishments, regardless of the choice of the above proposed models, to provide in each chapter of the Special Part an article indicating the norms according to which the courts are obliged or may impose additional punishments. Such an approach will allow the courts to impose uniform and fair punishments, helps to minimize corruption manifestations on the part of all participants in the criminal process, will strengthen people's faith in justice, which will have a positive impact on the activities of the justice authorities. Given the dynamics of the introduction of digital technologies at the present stage of human development, proposed in the article new models of the design of the sanction will simplify and more effectively introduce the process of digitalization of criminal legislation. That is, they will simplify the process of qualification of criminal offenses, the choice of the required type and amount of punishment, etc. Especially when using computer programs with «artificial intelligence» planned for implementation or implemented in certain foreign countries.

Государственно-частное партнерство в предупреждении совершения новых преступлений в местах лишения свободы (на примере общественно опасных деяний экстремистской направленности)

The article presents the author’s vision of the role of public-private partnership in preventing the commission of new crimes in correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia on the example of extremist crimes. The dynamics of the growth of extremist crimes in the period from 2002 to 2022 inclusive is demonstrated. The prevalence of AUE ideology in places of detention is shown. It is noted that the current trend of combating various forms of extremist manifestations is represented in a whole set of regulatory legal acts, the main of which are the federal laws «On countering extremist activity», «On the basics of the system of crime prevention in the Russian Federation», the Strategy of Countering Extremism in the Russian Federation until 2025, the National Security Strategy of the Russian Federation. A study of the main determinants of crimes committed on the basis of motives of hatred or enmity has been conducted. The directions of preventing the commission of new extremist crimes in correctional institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, including within the framework of public-private partnership, are presented.

PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF PROBATION REGARDING JUVENILE OFFENDERS

Juvenile justice is increasingly perceived as a system of preventing the causes of juvenile crime in Ukrainian society. This leads to the modernization of the system of crime prevention among children. Many options were proposed to improve domestic preventive measures based on a critical analysis of the preventive components of juvenile delinquency prevention. The main task of this article is to highlight the problems of the probation service and to consider and analyze the preventive measures of probation for juvenile offenders. According to the Law of Ukraine "On Probation" probation is a system of supervisory and social-educational measures applied by a court decision and in accordance with the law to convicts, execution of certain types of criminal punishments not related to deprivation of liberty, and providing the court with information, which characterizes the accused. The purpose of probation is to ensure public safety by correcting offenders, preventing them from re-offending, and providing the court with information about the characteristics of the accused in order to determine their level of responsibility. The main principles of probation: justice, legality, the inevitability of punishment, respect for the rights and freedoms of citizens, respect for human dignity, equality before the law, confidentiality, impartiality, cooperation and interaction of state and local self-government bodies. Therefore, the probation system should be part of the juvenile justice system, as a set of measures that can be applied to a person found guilty, if he is sentenced to a certain term of imprisonment or other responsibility, in order to establish certain limits and obligations regarding the offender for the purpose of social rehabilitation. Therefore, the probation system should be a part of the juvenile justice system as a set of measures that are applied to a person found guilty by the courts of committing a crime. In recent years, the state authorities of Ukraine, scientists and individual public organizations have taken serious steps towards the implementation of state policy in the field of criminal-executive relations. In this area, many normative legal acts and legislative initiatives have been adopted. Several draft laws on the humanization of criminal law have been submitted to the Verkhovna Rada, including through the introduction of probation. The results of the research show that the complexity of the resocialization process requires special knowledge of psychology and social work from probation officers.

Reflections on Lowering the Minimum Age of Criminal Responsibility: With Comments to Article 1 of the Amendment to Criminal Law (XI)

The revision of the age of criminal responsibility is a major breakthrough in the Amendment to the Criminal Law of People's Republic of China (XI) (hereinafter referred to as the Amendment to Criminal Law (XI)). The first provision of the amendment reduces the minimum age of criminal responsibility from 14 to 12, which has aroused great controversy in the society and the academic circle. This move is a legislative response to the phenomenon of vicious violent crimes committed by minors and a reasonable consideration of the public's passionate public opinion, but there are still some problems worth discussing in its provisions. At present, there are many theoretical studies on the age of criminal responsibility in the academic circle. Based on this, this paper systematically sorts out the social background, theoretical viewpoints and extraterritorial legislation of the age of criminal responsibility, compares and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different theories, and refers to the legislative experience of countries with the minimum age of criminal responsibility under 14, and accordingly puts forward relevant legislative adjustment suggestions and supporting measures to improve them, expecting to promoting the continuous optimization of China's juvenile crime prevention and control system and reducing the juvenile crime rate.

Prevention of crime in the field of information technologies in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine

The article examines the directions of crime prevention in the field of information technologies in the conditions of martial law. It is noted that in the process of scientific and technical progress and the active introduction of Internet technologies into all areas of society, crime is also developing.
 This issue is especially relevant today in Ukraine, because in the conditions of martial law, cybercriminals are actively involved in hacking government servers, disinforming the population, using fake profiles in social networks, etc. Today, cyber fraud is widespread, in which criminals intend to learn bank details of citizens under the guise of various payments in order to take possession of funds.
 It is noted that today the war in the information space causes no less damage than the war on the battlefield. In this regard, the process of improving the current criminal and criminal procedural legislation regarding the prosecution of cybercriminals has already begun in Ukraine. Thus, after the full-scale invasion of Russia on the territory of Ukraine, the number of criminal offenses in the field of information technology increased dramatically. The aggressor country uses Internet technologies for disinformation about the invasion of Ukraine, propaganda of hostile ideas, etc. In this regard, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine optimized the criminal and criminal procedural legislation, improving the grounds and procedural mechanisms for bringing criminals to criminal responsibility.
 It was determined that the legislative framework of Ukraine does not contain a separate special act that would regulate the issue of crime prevention in the field of information technologies. Instead, there are several legal acts in Ukrainian legislation that regulate this issue.
 It was concluded that in order to build an effective system of crime prevention in the field of information technology, it is advisable not only to strengthen responsibility for committed criminal offenses, but also to develop socio-economic, organizational-management and moral-psychological directions aimed at neutralizing the factors that lead to the commission of criminal offenses .

Crime Prevention System in the USSR: A Relic of the Past or a Model of the Future?

The current geopolitical situation in the world dictates the need to find new approaches in the field of countering global external and internal risks. Often such a search leads to the expediency of returning to social practices that have already been implemented and have proven their viability: if not a complete reverse, then the use of the most useful social tools that are maximally applicable in domestic conditions. Crime has always been one of the main internal threats to national security. In this regard, a retrospective study of the means and methods used to counter crime is not only interesting, but also practically useful. The experience of legal regulation and practical implementation of the crime prevention system in the USSR has both advantages and disadvantages. The identification of positive aspects, the identification of effective tools that could be used in the process of improving the currently existing crime prevention system in Russia, could make it possible to build the most effective promising model of counter-criminal activity at the present stage. The appeal to the crime prevention system in the USSR is due to the special significance of this period of national statehood, marked by significant historical events that demonstrated the role of the state in ensuring security, respect for human and civil rights and freedoms, including those who violated the law. During the Soviet period, special attention was given to the penitentiary and post-penitentiary period of the re-socialization of convicts, the provision of correctional and educational influence on them, a real system of preventing recidivism was built. Modern studies of such experience are actualized in connection with the organization of the probation system in the Russian Federation as a set of measures, functions and powers of the relevant entities assisting convicts who find themselves in a difficult life situation, which is ultimately aimed at preventing crimes.

Semantic Reasoning for Geolocalized Assessment of Crime Risk in Smart Cities

The increasing number of crimes affecting urban areas requires the adoption of countermeasures to tackle this problem from different perspectives, including the technological one. Currently, there are many research initiatives with the goal of applying machine or deep learning techniques leveraging historical data to predict the occurrence of crime incidents. Conversely, there is a lack of tools aiming at crime risk assessment, in particular, by supporting the police in conceiving what could be the crime incidents affecting a given city area. To this purpose, we propose the Crime Prevention System, a modular software application for qualitative crime risk assessment. This consists of an ontology of crime risk, a module to retrieve contextual data from OpenStreetMap, semantics reasoning functionalities, and a GIS interface. We discuss how this system can be used through a case study related to the Italian city of Syracuse.

Moral Values and Traditional (Customary) Norms in the Institutional System of Crime Prevention

Moral Values and Traditional (Customary) Norms in the Institutional System of Crime Prevention

Учет особенностей преступности несовершеннолетних в профилактической деятельности полиции

The article points out the shortcomings in the activities of the police for the prevention of group offenses of minors. Among them are the following: prevention does not take into account the changing subject of activity of groups of juvenile offenders depending on social processes in society, as well as the changing system of communication links in these communities, the transition from real contacts between group members to virtual communication using digital technologies; prevention is focused mainly on small and unstable groups of juvenile delinquents, the specifics of communication links and the subject of criminal activity of stable criminal groups are not taken into account; police bodies do not interact enough with other subjects of general and special prevention of juvenile delinquency, primarily in terms of information exchange; police activities are focused mainly on supervising the activities of members of groups consisting of on preventive accounting; low activity of police officers to identify adults who involve underage members of groups in committing crimes and antisocial actions. These shortcomings in the activities of the police predetermined the relevant proposals to improve the prevention of group crimes of minors, which include the following. 1. Police officers should take into account the subject of activity of groups of juvenile offenders changing under the influence of social processes in society in order to determine the priorities of preventive impact. 2. The police should be focused not only on working with ordinary groups of juvenile offenders (unstable and small in number), but also with stable criminal groups that are focused mainly on committing mercenary crimes and that are resistant to preventive effects. 3. Police bodies should interact more intensively with other subjects of general and special prevention of juvenile delinquency, primarily in terms of information exchange. This allows the police to more fully present the properties of groups of juvenile offenders who are an independent and specific object of prevention, to implement preventive measures agreed with these subjects. 4. The activities of the police should not be limited to registering groups of juvenile offenders, supervising their participants who are on preventive registration, and conducting preventive conversations with them. It is necessary to use all forms of preventive influence provided for by Article 17 of Federal Law No. 182-FZ of June 23, 2016 "On the basics of the system of crime prevention in the Russian Federation" within the limits of their powers. 5. Police officers need to step up their activities to identify and bring to criminal responsibility adults who involve underage members of groups in committing crimes and anti-social actions.

여성 1인 사업장의 범죄예방시스템

이 연구는 여성 1인 사업장의 범죄예방시스템을 실증적으로 연구하기 위해 2022년 2월 3일부터 2022 년 5월 2일까지 3개월에 걸쳐 의정부 00지역에서 여성 1인이 운영하고 있는 사업장(식당, 꽃집, 헤어샵, 네일아트, 의류매장, 호프집, 카페, 노래방, 부동산 업종 각각 3개소) 중 27개를 대상으로 설문지와 인터 뷰 등을 통해 분석되었다. 여성 1인 사업장의 범죄예방은 자체적으로 노력을 하고 있으나 범죄로부터 자유롭지 못하여 원활한 사업장을 운영하기에는 제한사항이 있다. 범죄예방시스템은 범죄나 각종 위협 등으로부터 안전한 사업 장의 환경이 보장될 수 있도록 범죄예방시스템이 구축된 사업장을 선정하여야 하며, 범죄예방시스템이 아무리 잘 갖추어져 있더라도 체계적 관리와 운영이 미흡하다면 범죄를 최소화할 수 없다. 아울러 자구 적인 범죄예방도 강구되어야 하지만 형사사법기관의 획일화된 범죄예방정책은 안전한 사업장 환경을 보장이 확보되지 못하므로 실질적인 범죄예방서비스가 마련되어야 한다. 이 연구에서 도출된 문제점과 대책 등을 보완하고, 연구되어진다면 여성 1인 사업장의 범죄예방시스 템으로 범죄두려움은 최소화할 수 있으며, 차후 관련 연구에도 귀중한 데이터로도 활용될 것이다.

Criminology analysis and improvement of the system of prevention of drug trafficking in the black sea region of mainland Ukraine

The article examines the criminological features of illegal drug sales and, on this basis, provides suggestions for improving the system of combating drug crime in the Black Sea region of mainland Ukraine.
 The author revealed that the rapid pace of drug addiction, the expansion of the range of drug supply, the increase in the volume of their supply, the involvement of a large number of the population in the criminal sale, the involvement of Ukraine in the world drug business industry are only a small list of threats that determine the increased degree of danger of activities related to illegal sale of drugs. It is proven that due to the specific economic, social, demographic situation; advantageous geographical location; due to the presence of an extensive network of sea, rail and road transport, the Black Sea region turned out to be one of the most attractive areas for the illegal enrichment of criminals through the sale of drugs. It is substantiated that this puts the problem of analyzing drug crime in the Black Sea region of mainland Ukraine into an extremely urgent scientific problem and determines the need to find new forms and means of improving the regional system of drug crime prevention.
 The author established high indicators of the intensity of drug sales in the Black Sea region. So, if in Ukraine the intensity of the illegal sale of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances or their analogues is an average of 14 crimes per 100,000 population, then in the Black Sea region of Ukraine these indicators exceed the Ukrainian average.
 It is argued that criminals use the most diverse ways to move drugs from the illicit producer to the end user.
 It is justified that the prevention of drug sales is a set of interrelated measures that should cover a number of spheres of social relations. The activities of state and law enforcement agencies, whose tasks include countering drug crime, should influence the sphere of supply and demand of drugs.
 The paper states that law enforcement agencies in the Black Sea region of Ukraine should respond with adequate measures to prevent crimes: improve information and analytical support for crime prevention work; training of highly qualified personnel who would use modern knowledge, the latest forms and means to prevent crime; regulatory and legal support for the practice of combating drug addiction needs improvement, especially its organized forms; an important role is played by the establishment of cooperation (at the national, regional and local levels) between the practical units of the National Police, the Prosecutor's Office, the Court, the State Border Service, etc. in matters of exchanging information about criminals, conducting joint operations to stop crimes, preventing smuggling and their movement through the territory of the country to points of sale; an important direction is counteraction to "contactless" forms of domestic anesthesia - through the Internet, various messengers, etc.; not the last role is assigned to the prevention of drug crime: promotion of a healthy lifestyle among the population; prevention of recidivism and other measures.

예측치안시스템에 대한 경찰관 인식 및 태도가 수용성에 미치는 영향

Today, crime prevention is being implemented based on various scientific technologies. Among them, predictive security is a crime prevention system based on representative new security technology. As technologies related to criminology and mathematical statistics developed, a more precise predictive security system was implemented and the actual effectiveness was verified.
 Although the predictive security system has been developed in this way, little has been studied on police officers using the predictive security system. The predictive security system only calculates predictive information based on mathematical and statistical algorithms, but it is individual police officials who actually carry out crime prevention activities. Therefore, whether police officials will consider the output of the predictive security system is a different matter from the effectiveness of the predictive security system. Therefore, studying the attitude of whether or not to consider the output of the predictive security system is important for the use of the predictive security system that will be expanded in the future.
 Therefore, this study was surveyed on 140 police officers, and attempted to analyze whether the perception and attitude of predictive security affects the acceptance of the predictive security system through logistic regression analysis.
 Accordingly, a logistic regression analysis was conducted on how the perception of the predictive system, such as the perception of acceptance of predictive system commands, the perception of criminal justice orientation of predictive system, the perception of standardization of predictive system, and recognition of standardization of predictive system discretion affects the acceptance attitude of police officers.
 As a result of the analysis, it was found that the more police officers' attitudes and perceptions of the predictive security system were directed toward the definition of criminal justice, the higher the willingness to accept the predictive security system was 7.6 times.

ADOPTING OSMAN WARNING IN INDONESIA: AN EFFORT TO PROTECT POTENTIAL VICTIMS OF CRIME TARGET

In the development of criminal law globally, experts believe that preventing crime is much better than taking action. This article exemplifies several criminal cases, especially serial murder cases in Indonesia, which show the lack of quality in the crime prevention system in Indonesia. In line with these consequences, this article considers that Indonesia needs a kind of “warning” system to increase efforts to prevent crimes. Furthermore, this article refers to the experience of implementing the Osman Warning in the UK, improving the quality of crime prevention. This article concludes that there are many problems in the crime prevention system in Indonesia. In responding to these problems, this article aims to answer three concerns. First, what are the difficulties in preventing crime in Indonesia? Second, what is the extent of the obligations of law enforcement in preventing crimes? Third, what is the probability of adopting the Osman Warning concept in Indonesia? Furthermore, this article claims that the probability of implementing the Osman Warning in Indonesia is relatively high and is suitable for implementation. Finally, this article provides a view that special regulations are needed in the laws and rules to accommodate the Osman Warning in the criminal law system in Indonesia.

Institute of education in the system of crime prevention and fighting as an object of criminology research

Abstract in the language of the article. In the work, the author proved that the relevance of the scientific study of the institute of education through the prism of its place and role in the system of crime prevention and counteraction is primarily determined by the imperfection of the organizational and functional components of the state mechanism of law enforcement and law enforcement, the incompleteness of the reforms of the law enforcement and judicial systems, and the inconsistency in reforming the education system. It was noted that today, due to various economic, political, military, demographic, and social reasons, access to education is difficult, and its quality level does not always allow for the formation of a personality with a high level of legal awareness and culture. So it was concluded that the issue of the system of crime prevention and countermeasures, including the place and role of the educational institution in it, continues to be acutely on the agenda of Ukraine's development, guaranteeing legality and law and order in it. Based on the analysis of scientific publications related to the topic of the study, it was concluded that at the level of criminology, the issue of the institute of education in the system of crime prevention and countermeasures was investigated rather episodically and inconsistently, mainly through the prism of studying other adjacent components of the crime prevention and countermeasure system. Considering the fact that the institution of education as a component of the system of crime prevention and countermeasures has a high cognitive value as a criminological problem, it is indicated that this institution needs proper state and legal support. An analysis of the state of criminological scientific research at the Institute of Education in Ukraine made it possible to give it a critical assessment. The inadequacy of modern studies of the criminological aspects of the institute of education, its role in the formation of the legal consciousness of modern youth in Ukraine in the spirit of respect for the law and the law, legal values that have been formed in the national society, is noted. Taking into account the above, promising directions for the study of the institute of education as a component of the system of crime prevention and countermeasures have been scientifically substantiated.

Internal audit as a component of the crime prevention system in Ukraine

The study of the anti-criminogenic functionality of internal audit units is of practical importance for the further improvement of the general crime prevention system in Ukraine.
 The purpose of the article: improvement of the crime prevention system in Ukraine. The task of the article: to outline the relationship between the system goal, objects, structural elements, functions, subject composition of the internal audit and the crime prevention system.
 Disclosure of the functionality in the crime prevention system was carried out using the method of comparative analysis of four aspects: 1) system goal; 2) object; 3) structural elements; 4) functions.
 The goal of crime prevention as an artificial system is the absence of criminally punishable violations of social relations, the preservation of the latter. The primary goal of internal audit is to determine the legality of the activities of the relevant entities.
 Regarding crime prevention measures, three groups of criminogenic objects are distinguished: 1) social; 2) legal; 3) psychogenic. The most obvious objects of crime prevention to which the activities of internal audit subjects in Ukraine are directed are legal and psychogenic.
 Basic elements of the internal audit system:
 1) structural subdivisions of the internal audit of entities in the prescribed cases;
 2) officials entrusted with the authority to carry out an internal audit.
 The objective function of the crime prevention system can be considered to be the deterrence of the population from criminal acts and the termination of criminal offenses that have begun.
 The objective function of internal audit units can be defined as prevention of illegal use of budget funds in the activities of the manager of budget funds and enterprises, institutions and organizations belonging to the sphere of his management.
 The relationship between the functions of the crime prevention system and the internal audit system can be outlined as general to separate.

Библия и лопата – путь спасения бедняков Э. Брентона

The article, through the activities of the English philanthropist E. Brenton, examines the problem of pauperization of the population of Great Britain in the 19th century, the causes of pauperization, the consequences and solutions are clarified. The results of the analysis of narrative sources and scientific literature are presented, reflecting the difficult socio-economic situation in the country and the activities of E. Brenton aimed at improving the lives of the poor and their children. The philanthropist notes the relationship between industrialization and the growth of unemployment, linking this with the displacement of man from the productive sphere by mechanisms. He rightly condemns the deep property differentiation of society, the unfair wages of workers, the system of enclosures that deprived the peasants of their land. Brenton saw the devastating consequences of pauperization in the spiritual degradation of people, the criminalization of the lower classes, the growth of crimes among minors. His articles criticize the existing system of helping the poor, workhouses, noting that they temporarily alleviated the situation of the poor and encouraged parasitism. E. Brenton developed ways to solve problems based on Christian spiritual values and the Christian principle of tireless work as "God's work". The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the eradication of poverty was utopia, with the help of the de-urbanization of the poor population of cities, the allocation of land in rural areas, the refusal to use mechanisms in the production of products. The program to save children from the city's slums was more realistic. E. Brenton rightly establishes the relationship between ignorance and the growth of deviations among minors. Its goal is to create a system of crime prevention through education, where the habits of hard work, order and Christian virtues were instilled in children. The paper considers the implementation of tasks through the "Society of Children's Friends" and schools. The author believes that the institutions of E. Brenton, where students received knowledge, religious, labor education, mastered professions, were effective in preventing delinquency and shaping the moral lifestyle of poor children, despite the failures in the implementation of the plan for labor emigration of minors to South Africa.

ТЕХНІЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗШУКОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПРИВАТНИХ ДЕТЕКТИВІВ В УКРАЇНІ

Current trends in the development of criminal practices require the state to respond appropriately to them, to develop effective mechanisms to prevent crime. As a result, the crime prevention system is in constant motion. It depends on many factors, especially on the implementation of political will and the fulfillment of Ukraine’s international obligations. This is directly reflected in the current legislation, which generally forms a strategy to prevent crime and find its tactical countermeasures. One of such manifestations today is a new, in essence, detective activity of both public bodies and private organizations (institutions). Private detective work is regulated differently at the legislative level in many countries around the world. Despite the normative enshrinement, the activities of private detectives differ greatly in the degree of legal regulation by state institutions and control by professional self-government bodies. This primarily applies to both the licensing process and the process of carrying out such activities. On the way to knowledge of preventive detective activity there are certain both theoretical and practical problems. These include the fact that the subjective dimension of private detective activity, as well as private detective activity itself, has been little studied in modern criminological practice and has hardly been developed. Legal bases of use (application) of special means consist of the legislative acts regulating activity of bodies to which the right to their application is given. The legal basis for the use of special technical means in private detective work is a system of legal norms and bylaws that determine the admissibility or regulate the procedure and conditions of their use. The purpose of special equipment is in the following aspects: 1) facilitating the detection and investigation of crimes, ensuring the high quality of the inspection of the crime scene, facilitating the discovery of physical evidence during searches; 2) creating opportunities to obtain reliable information about persons involved in the preparation or commission of offenses. Statistics show that with the help of a number of operational and technical means it is possible to quickly and reliably obtain and record information about specific persons who plan or prepare crimes, and then take measures to prevent them. Devices for the use of such tools can be audio and video equipment, surveillance devices, etc .; 3) physical cessation of resistance by criminal elements. This can be achieved through the use of special means of personnel protection and special operations.

ТЕХНІЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ РОЗШУКОВОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПРИВАТНИХ ДЕТЕКТИВІВ В УКРАЇНІ

Current trends in the development of criminal practices require the state to respond appropriately to them, to develop effective mechanisms to prevent crime. As a result, the crime prevention system is in constant motion. It depends on many factors, especially on the implementation of political will and the fulfillment of Ukraine’s international obligations. This is directly reflected in the current legislation, which generally forms a strategy to prevent crime and find its tactical countermeasures. One of such manifestations today is a new, in essence, detective activity of both public bodies and private organizations (institutions). Private detective work is regulated differently at the legislative level in many countries around the world. Despite the normative enshrinement, the activities of private detectives differ greatly in the degree of legal regulation by state institutions and control by professional self-government bodies. This primarily applies to both the licensing process and the process of carrying out such activities. On the way to knowledge of preventive detective activity there are certain both theoretical and practical problems. These include the fact that the subjective dimension of private detective activity, as well as private detective activity itself, has been little studied in modern criminological practice and has hardly been developed. Legal bases of use (application) of special means consist of the legislative acts regulating activity of bodies to which the right to their application is given. The legal basis for the use of special technical means in private detective work is a system of legal norms and bylaws that determine the admissibility or regulate the procedure and conditions of their use. The purpose of special equipment is in the following aspects: 1) facilitating the detection and investigation of crimes, ensuring the high quality of the inspection of the crime scene, facilitating the discovery of physical evidence during searches; 2) creating opportunities to obtain reliable information about persons involved in the preparation or commission of offenses. Statistics show that with the help of a number of operational and technical means it is possible to quickly and reliably obtain and record information about specific persons who plan or prepare crimes, and then take measures to prevent them. Devices for the use of such tools can be audio and video equipment, surveillance devices, etc .; 3) physical cessation of resistance by criminal elements. This can be achieved through the use of special means of personnel protection and special operations.

Органы прокуратуры в системе субъектов предупреждения преступлений

Introduction: the paper deals with issues related to the essential characteristics of the prosecutor’s office and its definition in the system of subjects of crime prevention. Despite the fact that the functioning of the prosecutor’s office is aimed at preventing any offenses to ensure law and order, a unified concept of the legal regulation of its activities in this area has not been formed by law. This makes it necessary to improve the legislation in the field of coordination by the Prosecutor’s Office of the activities of the law enforcement agencies on crime prevention. The purpose of the study: to determine the role of the prosecutor’s office in the system of subjects of crime prevention. Objectives of the study: to assess the implementation of the powers of the prosecutor’s office in the system of subjects of crime prevention; to characterize the areas of coordination activities of the prosecutor’s office for the prevention of crimes; to identify the problems of the legal regulation of the activities of the prosecutor’s office in the field of crime prevention. Methods: the methodological framework for the study is represented by a set of methods of scientific cognition, among which it is necessary to distinguish the general scientific, systemic, comparative legal and institutional ones. Results: the priority development directions of the prosecutor’s office in the field of crime prevention are characterized; the mechanisms of coordination by the prosecutor’s office of the activities of other subjects on crime prevention are described; the actual problems of the activities of the prosecutor’s office in the context of crime prevention are identified, to which the authors of the paper refer: the imperfection of the legislative norms regulating the mechanism of interaction between the prosecutor’s office and other subjects of the crime prevention system; the lack of uniform registration methods of acts of prosecutorial inspections to prevent crimes; the ambiguity of the prosecutor’s powers in law-making; the absence of the prosecutor’s authority to give the investigator mandatory written instructions on the conduct of investigative and other procedural actions, the lack of authority to initiate criminal proceedings independently in cases of detection of violations of criminal law. Conclusions: the systematization of the legislation in the context of the implementation of effective measures to prevent crimes by the prosecutor’s office will increase the modernization potential of their activities. In particular, it is necessary to consolidate in the Federal Law “On the Prosecutor’s Office of the Russian Federation” a section defining the role of the prosecutor’s office in the crime prevention system. In addition, it is proposed to develop and adopt a separate Federal law “On the organization of the activities of state bodies, civil society structures to strengthen law and order in the Russian Federation”, where the leading role could be given to the prosecutor’s office.

Implementation of the function of prevention of juvenile delinquency in the activities of the Prosecutor’s Office

The article is devoted to the implementation by the prosecutor’s office of a new crime prevention function introduced by the Federal Law of June 23, 2018 No. 182-FZ “On the fundamentals of the crime prevention system in the Russian Federation”. The features of the legal regulation of the preventive activities of the prosecutor’s office as a subject of crime prevention, the features of the application of prosecutorial response acts in the process of implementing this activity, and the forms of preventive impact are examined. The preventive activities of the prosecutor in relation to minors are analyzed, ways to improve this activity are proposed. Conclusions are formulated on the need to improve the legal regulation of the preventive activities of the prosecutor’s office with the introduction of specific proposals.