Crime In Cyberspace Research Articles

Sosialisasi Pentingnya Keamanan Digital di Era Revolusi Industri 4.0 di Desa Gajah Mati Bengkulu Tengah

This community service activity in the form of socializing the importance of digital security in the era of the industrial revolution 4.0 aims to help the residents of Gajah Mati village, Central Bengkulu, in getting information about technological advances and how to maintain digital security. The subjects in this service activity were the Head of Gajah Mati Village and his apparatus and all residents of Gajah Mati Village, Central Bengkulu. This socialization process is carried out by providing information about security and prevention in the face of technological advances and fraudulent fraud in cyberspace. The result of this community service activity is that it can help villagers know about technological advances, how to deal with various kinds of online fraud so that they can slightly reduce victims of cybercrime. The conclusion of this community service activity in Gajah Mati Village, Central Bengkulu, is that it can provide information about technological advances, use technology, one of which is the use of Android smartphones, and help the community in dealing with fraud - fraud in cyberspace so that citizens can think smart if face the problem of fraud - fraud in cyberspace because they have received information and how to overcome it through this socialization. So the victims of crimes in cyberspace are slightly reduced.

Психологические особенности лиц, склонных к кибервиктимному поведению

The article discusses the results of the empirical research into the psychological features of individuals prone to cyber victimization. As a theoretical basis, this paper uses the analysis of the findings of the studies conducted by the Russian as well as foreign researchers, that indicate presence of the specific traits among victims of cyber crime. The focus group that took part in the research includes 78 adult users of the VK social network. The respondents who became victims of cyber scams more than twice over the past three years were identi-fied as the individuals prone to cyber victimization. The following techniques were used for the empirical data collection: Multifactorial personality questionnaire (16 PF) by R.B. Cattell, “Level of subjective control” test by V.F. Bazhin, E.A. Golynkina and A.M. Atkind and State-Trait anxiety inventory by C. Spielberger (adapted by Y. Khanin). The results of the conducted research show that one's tendency towards cyber victimization can be explained by the presence of certain specific emotional and interpersonal traits. The findings of this study could be used as major targets for designing preventive programs against crimes in cyber space.

Criminal law regulation of countering cybercrime in China: State, trends and shortcomings

In modern China, cybercrime is becoming more widespread, which has given rise to the need to rethink criminal law at the basic theoretical level. It seems that when countering crimes in cyberspace, it is necessary to shift the focus of cyber-criminal law from the traditional “network-centric” to “data-oriented” and to build a system for the protecting legal benefits of “data centralism”. In addition, the expansion of the objective components of cybercrime should be moderate: certain cyber-violations cannot be qualified as “illegal entrepreneurship”, as this contradicts the principle of legality of criminal law. The content of “knowingness” as a sign of the subjective side of the crime should be rethought: it should include such different forms as: a) the presence of collusion with other persons to assist in the commission of criminal acts; b) lack of collusion between the person providing assistance and the perpetrator, but the previous one, knowing that a particular perpetrator he is going to commit a certain criminal act, provides online support and assistance to the latter; c) online help providers who only have a probable idea of the existence of criminal acts, but do not have a clear idea of the culprit and the type of behavior of criminal acts, and as such there can be no collusion with the perpetrator of criminal acts, only objectively assists the culprit’s act. The theoretical basis for identifying complicity in cybercrime should be adjusted by approving “one-sided” subjective connection. Ultimately, through systematic adjustment and rethinking of the basic theory of criminal law in this area, the gradual improvement of criminal law norms to regulate the fight against cybercrime in the era of information networks is being carried out.

Digital Forensik dalam Upaya Mengedukasi Masyarakat Berperilaku Sehat di Media Sosial

Social Media has an important role during the Covid-19 pandemic, namely by facilitating new forms of social interaction, dialogue, information exchange and collaboration. It enables all users and organizations in the world to exchange ideas, post comments, and participate in activities and events and share their wider interests. At the same time, such a phenomenon has led to a significant increase in criminal activity by perpetrators who are increasingly sophisticated in their attempts to use technology to evade detection. In Indonesia, the trend of cyber crime is increasing with various types of crime. Many people take irresponsible actions through social media and can avoid punishment because these actions are carried out in cyberspace, while people are affected by direct material and moral losses. This is certainly unfair, so it is necessary to educate the public on healthy behavior using social media and acting wisely. If a crime is committed, an investigation of digital evidence can be carried out so that it can be sued in accordance with the applicable ITE law By promoting healthy behavior on social media and explaining the steps of digital investigations to the public, it is hoped that it can suppress crime in cyberspace and obtain optimal benefits from social media. The planned activities include (1) preparation of the required resources in the PKM. (2) Implementing a program with a training model between the PKM team from UNLA and the community (3). In the training on healthy behavior on social media, the last one is (4) evaluation and reporting of activities.

Study of Production Management of Non-Immoral Tiktok Content Based on the Electronic Information and Transaction Law (Article 27 Paragraph (1) of Law Number 19 of 2016)

The mode of operation, especially in criminal cases of sexual violence, has apparently also developed following advances in information technology. In writing this journal, the author uses a research method with a descriptive type of analysis. The author emphasizes and tries to answer in detail the study of the production management of non-immoral TikTok content based on UU ITE (Article 27 paragraph 1 of Law Number 19 of 2016). After collecting secondary data, the authors analyzed the results of the study using a qualitative descriptive method. Based on the results of the author's analysis of the data obtained, the writer can conclude that decency is an act or behavior that does not need to embarrass someone when other people see it or know about it, and also because other people are usually not surprised when they see it or find it. Apart from that, there are also things that we need to know when it comes to eradicating immoral crimes in cyberspace. It turns out that the government only cares about making rules and does not explain what is regulated. Therefore, to avoid additional immoral violations, especially in electronic media, Tiktok content must also be non-immoral. There are four stages in the production of non-immoral TikTok content: pre-production planning, setup and rehearsal, production, and post-production. Furthermore, there are four management functions in the production stage as well, namely the planning stage, the organizing stage, the implementation stage, and the monitoring stage.

Penanggulangan Tindak Pidana Siber Dengan Menggunakan Teori Jendela Pecah

The development of information and communication technology provides positive benefits, such as the emergence of e-learning, e-commerce, e-banking, e-government, e-medicine and others. However, information and communication technology also has a negative impact with the emergence of cybercrime. Internet users in Indonesia in early 2021 reached 202.6 million people, this number increased by 15.5% or 27 million people compared to January 2020. This study aims to determine how to tackle cyber crime in cyberspace by using the broken window theory. The research method used is a normative juridical research method with secondary data sources and analyzed deductively. The results of the study indicate that the prevention of cyber crime in cyberspace can use the broken window theory. The prevention of cyber crime is carried out by maintaining cyber space so that it is maintained like a window with glass. Safeguarding cyberspace to be protected like a window with strong glass is to protect cyberspace using the ITE and Pornography Law that applies, cybersecurity which is guarded by every technology user and cyber police who conduct cyber patrols.

New Principles of Counteracting Cyberlaundering under the Act of 1 March 2018 on Counteracting Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing

Cyberlaundering is a money-laundering mechanism that has been developing since the beginning of this century. Only recently, however, have the detailed rules for preventing this phenomenon been introduced. The Act of 1 March 2018 on Counteracting Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing introduced a number of solutions defining the identification and verification obligations for transactions in cyberspace. Following these changes, it will be necessary to develop the best methods of cooperation between all actors of the cyberlaundering system: obligated institutions, cooperating units and law enforcement agencies. The author draws attention to the national cyberlaundering risk assessment, prepared with the participation of obliged institutions, cooperating units and law enforcement bodies. Its use will affect the collection and sharing of more information useful in the detection process and the timing of detection activities. A specific area of national risk assessment will be cybercrime. The author believes that the detection of crimes in cyberspace should be included in a new legal framework, which would allow the specificity of the digital area to be directly taken into account, without having to resort to often difficult and practically always ambiguous legal interpretations in this regard.

Teler Real-time HTTP Intrusion Detection at Website with Nginx Web Server

Web servers and web-based applications are now widely used, but in this case, the crime rate in cyberspace has also increased. Crime in cyberspace can occur due to the exploitation of how a system works. For example, the way HTTP works are exploited to weaken the webserver. Various tools for attacking the internet are also starting to be easy to find, but so are the tools to detect these attacks. One of the useful tools for detecting attacks and sending warnings against threats is based on the weblogs on the webserver. Many have not reviewed Teler as an intrusion detection system on HTTP on web servers because the existing tools are relatively new. Teler detecting the weblog and run on the terminal with rule resources collected from the community. So here, the researcher tries to implement the use of Teler in detecting HTTP intrusions on a Nginx-based web server. Intrusion is carried out in attacks commonly used by attackers, for example, port scanning and directory brute force using the Nmap and OWASP ZAP tools. Then the detection results will be sent via the Telegram bot to the server admin. From the results of the experiments conducted, it has been found that Teler is still classified as being able to send warning notifications with a delay between the time of detection and the time when the alert is received, no more than 3 seconds.

Digital Evidence and Cloud Forensics: Contemporary Legal Challenges and the Power of Disposal

Fighting crime in cyberspace requires law enforcement authorities to immerse in a digital ocean of vast amount of information and also to acquire and objectify the evidence of criminal activity. Handling digital evidence is a complex and multifaceted process as they can provide critical evidentiary information in an unquestionable and irrefutable way. When digital evidence resides in a cloud storage environment the criminal investigation is faced with unprecedented contemporary legal challenges. In this paper, the authors identify three main legal challenges that arise from the current cloud-based technological landscape, i.e., territoriality (the loss of location), possession (the cloud content ownership) and confiscation procedure (user authentication/data preservation issues). On the onset of the identified challenges, the existing American, European and International legal frameworks are thoroughly evaluated. Finally, the authors discuss and endorse the Power of Disposal, a newly formed legal notion and a multidisciplinary solution with a global effect as a result of collaboration between technical, organizational and legal perspectives as an effective first step to mitigate the identified legal challenges.

Determination of Dolus and Tempus Delicti on the Crime of Hate Speech Conducted from Outside the State of Indonesia by Using Social Media Facilities

The development of information technology, media and communication at this time has changed the behavior of society and human civilization globally. In this regard, in addition to the positive benefits arising from the development of information technology and so on, such as the emergence of facilities or media that can make it easier for humans to work, there are also negative impacts, such as crimes in cyberspace. One of the crimes in cyberspace in question is hate speech. These actions can be classified into criminal acts, because these actions will have an impact on society in general. Moreover, this action was carried out from outside the State of Indonesia using social media facilities, of course it would be very difficult to determine the place (locus delicti) and time (tempus delicti) to try the perpetrators of the hate speech crime. For this reason, it is necessary to know how to determine the locus and tempus delicti of the crime or crime in question.

A New Malware Classification Framework Based on Deep Learning Algorithms

Recent technological developments in computer systems transfer human life from real to virtual environments. Covid-19 disease has accelerated this process. Cyber criminals’ interest has shifted in a real to virtual life as well. This is because it is easier to commit a crime in cyberspace rather than regular life. Malicious software (malware) is unwanted software which is frequently used by cyber criminals to launch cyber-attacks. Malware variants are continuing to evolve by using advanced obfuscation and packing techniques. These concealing techniques make malware detection and classification significantly challenging. Novel methods which are quite different from traditional methods must be used to effectively combat with new malware variants. Traditional artificial intelligence (AI) specifically machine learning (ML) algorithms are no longer effective in detecting all new and complex malware variants. Deep learning (DL) approach which is quite different from traditional ML algorithms can be a promising solution to the problem of detecting all variants of malware. In this study, a novel deep-learning-based architecture is proposed which can classify malware variants based on a hybrid model. The main contribution of the study is to propose a new hybrid architecture which integrates two wide-ranging pre-trained network models in an optimized manner. This architecture consists of four main stages, namely: data acquisition, the design of deep neural network architecture, training of the proposed deep neural network architecture, and evaluation of the trained deep neural network. The proposed method tested on Malimg, Microsoft BIG 2015, and Malevis datasets. The experimental results show that the suggested method can effectively classify malware with high accuracy which outperforms the state of the art methods in the literature. When proposed method tested on Malimg dataset, 97.78% accuracy is obtained which is outperformed most of the ML-based malware detection method.

Qualification of Financial Crimes in Cyberspace

Qualification of Financial Crimes in Cyberspace

War crimes in cyberspace: prosecuting disruptive cyber operations under Article 8 of the Rome Statute

This article reviews the existing scholarship concerning the applicability of IHL norms to cyberspace, and in particular the Tallinn Manual, which is considered to be the most authoritative restatement of international law applicable in the cyber context. In doing so, it seeks to answer the question of whether purely disruptive (as opposed to physically destructive) cyber operations could be prosecuted as war crimes at the International Criminal Court under Article 8 of the Rome Statute. The Tallinn Manual, being a restatement of lex lata at the time that it was drafted, places a heavy emphasis on physical effects when applying the jus in bello to cyber warfare. If the ICC were to rely on the Tallinn Manual’s conclusions to inform its interpretation of Article 8 in relation to cyber-based war crimes, this could have the effect of excluding disruptive cyber operations from its jurisdiction. This is a cause for concern in a world where militaries and civilian populations alike are becoming increasingly reliant on computer systems and the internet. Disruptive cyber operations can result in devastating consequences even though they do not cause physical damage, and are likely to become more powerful and sophisticated in future as technology develops.

Kejahatan Teknologi Informasi (Cyber Crime) dan Penanggulangannya dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia

This article aims to let us learn more about cyber crime. This is due to the weakness of cyberspace can become a global disaster that threatens the business sector, national and global security, behavior, child protection, and government systems. The results showed that the public is currently still misusing social media to spread crime in cyberspace. Most of the perpetrators of cybercrime on social media will be caught by Law No.11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE), whether intentional or unintentional. The law should provide protection for internet users with good intentions, and provide firm action for perpetrators of cyber crime. However, the legal system has not solved all computer crimes over the Internet. Likewise in the investigation, there were many obstacles related to legal instruments, the ability of investigators, evidence, and computer forensic facilities. This is why cyber crime law enforcement is still weak.

Penegakan Hukum terhadap Tindak Pidana Peretasan sebagai Bentuk Kejahatan Mayantara (Cyber Crime)

Along with technological developments, there are a lot of facilities available in cyberspace. The development of this technology can also provide opportunities for criminals, especially crimes in cyberspace. Cybercrime is a new form or dimension of a crime that is currently receiving a lot of attention from the international community. One type of cybercrime is hacking. Based on this background, this research was conducted with the aim of describing law enforcement against criminal acts of hacking and the efforts to deal with cybercrime. This research was conducted using normative legal research methods and statutory approaches. The results of this study showed that law enforcement against criminal acts of hacking is regulated in Law Number 19 of 2016 amending Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. The perpetrator will be given criminal sanctions in the form of imprisonment and fines for violations in the field of hacking. In addition, efforts to eradicate cybercrime refers to the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions which is carried out with preventive and repressive measures. Therefore, the criminal act of hacking which is included in the realm of cybercrime has been regulated in Article 30 paragraph (1), (2) and (3) of the ITE Law, while the punishment is regulated in Article 46 paragraph (1), (2), and ( 3) of the ITE Law. In this regard, the government has taken various countermeasures in the form of preventive and repressive measures.

Organized crime in cyberspace: How traditional organized criminal groups exploit the online peer-to-peer lending market in China

AbstractHow do traditional organized criminal groups run their offline businesses on the internet? Drawing on interview data, news reports and interactions with illegal moneylenders, this article examines how loan sharks use the online peer-to-peer lending market to lend money to Chinese students at exorbitant interest rates. Illegal lenders employ techniques of deception, the sharing of compromising information (e.g. social contacts and nude photos) and professional legal services to develop internet-based loan scams to trap student borrowers. To enforce loan repayment, lenders have developed a new strategy: relational repression, which is the use of cyberviolence and the threat of revealing damaging information to clients’ social contacts. This puts enormous pressure on clients and their families to make payments. The use of relational repression reduces the need to resort to physical violence and bribe police officers.

The Intersection of Criminal Law, Technology and Business Commercial Law on Carding as Cyber Fraud

Introduction to The Problem: Since digital reform, business and trade sectors have begun to expand their network in cyberspace. Transactions carried out also no longer refer to ordinary things. The modern era of society indeed prefers a more efficient payment process, namely through a credit card. On the other hand, the advancement of digital technology also provides opportunities for perpetrators of crime in cyberspace. The fraud, which was initially carried out with the objects of written reports, began to move lanes towards data manipulation in the form of carding. Purpose/Objective Study: This paper is intended to analyze and examine carding as cyber fraud in three legal studies: criminal law, business, and commercial law, and transnational criminal law. This study illuminates the intersection between criminal law, business and commercial law, law and technology, and international criminal law in carding cases. Design/Methodology/Approach: The paper is normative legal research using a comparative approach and regulations related to carding and cyber fraud. Findings: The study highlighted that carding as a manifestation of cyber fraud is also a transnational crime, which involves networks or groups across national borders to carry out certain illegal businesses or activities. Included in this case is the data theft on credit cards. Of course, this has resulted in a shift of public trust towards the credit card provider sector, namely banks, so that there is a need to strengthen the juridical pathway nationally and internationally. Paper Type: General Review

Sanksi Pidana bagi Pelaku Penyebaran Berita Hoaks serta Ujaran Kebencian dengan Memakai Akun Anonym

Crime in cyberspace is a crime with computer technology, especially the internet. One example is the spread of hoaxes and expressions of hatred. This research was conducted to determine the arrangements for spreading hate speech based on positive law, the legal consequences arising when someone is proven to spread hate speech and spread hoaxes, and efforts and steps taken to prevent the spread of hoax news and hate speech so as not to spread in the community. This research is a type of normative legal research with a statutory approach and conceptual approach. Arrangements for the dissemination of hoax news and expressions of hatred based on positive law have been explicitly regulated in the Criminal Code, which is found in Article 154 of the Criminal Code, Article 154a, Article 156, Article 156a, and Article 157 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2). Besides being regulated in the Criminal Code utterances of hate are regulated outside of the Criminal Code, including in Law No.40 of 2008 concerning the Elimination of Racial and Ethnic Discrimination, which is contained in Article 16, and is also regulated in Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Renewal of Law No. 11 of 2008 concerning ITE has also regulated the distribution of hate speech through cyberspace, which is contained in article 27, article 28 paragraph (1) and paragraph (2), article 40 paragraph (2) and article 45 paragraph (2) due to the law incurred if someone is proven to have committed a crime of spreading hoax hoaxes and expressions of hatred can be jailed for 2 years, 3 years and even up to 10 years

Urgensi Hukum Siber terhadap Kelompok TNI dalam melaksanakan Tugas Pokok: UU ITE No. 11 Tahun 2008 Jo No. 19 Tahun 2016

The law on information and electronic transactions (UU-ITE) is a product of laws that are applicable to solving legal problems in the Internet world. In its development, information and communication technology for crimes and crimes in cyberspace is a challenge that is anticipated in order protect resources within the TNI. The TNI is required to have cyber defense capabilities order to increase deterrence and prevention of war or cyber-attacks against the TNI or national cyber defense in carrying out TNI's Main tasks. The normative juridical method is carried out through literature studies that examine (mainly) secondary data, both in the form of legislation and research results, assessment results and other references.

The Role of Information Technology Education in Preventing Child Grooming on Social Media

The rapid development of information and communication technology, which has brought influence and change in the lives of people throughout the world. Influences and changes that occur due to the development of information and communication technology there are positive values, and there are also negative sides. In Indonesia, especially at this time, the development of information and communication technology has become a trend both among adults and young people. In addition to business, education and work related interests. Nowadays information and communication technology also plays an important role in socialization activities through various existing social networks. The problem is that social networking is now becoming a trend, especially for young people as an area where sexual offenders look for victims by exploiting the various characteristics of this virtual media. The role of information technology education itself in preventing child grooming on social media is to prevent crime in cyberspace (cyber crime) through a culture of computer use and a healthy Internet (Cyber ​​Health). Healthy internet is an activity in conducting online activities both browsing, streaming and downloading properly and in accordance with applicable laws and regulations, especially the Information and Electronic Transaction Law. , regulations and guidelines, and also supplemented by interviews with resource persons.