Crime In Cyberspace Research Articles

The Stand Of Electronic Evidence In Cyber Crime Law Enforcement In Indonesia

Crime in the cyber world certainly has a significant impact. People think that Indonesia has a Criminal Code that cannot cover crimes in cyberspace, which is a new crime. This is what makes the government have to issue regulations regarding cyber crime or cyber crime. With regard to enforcing cybercrime law, of course, a regulation is needed in positive law. It also regulates the punishment and how the evidence for cyber crimes and the position of electronic evidence are. This research method uses the normative method. The existence of electronic evidence in proving cybercrime has been alluded to in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions. In Article 5 of Law Number 11 of 2008, it explicitly mandates that "Electronic Information and/or Electronic Documents and/or their printouts are valid legal evidence". This can be interpreted that electronic documents are considered legally valid according to positive law in Indonesia. However, in the amendment to the elucidation of Article 5 paragraph (1) regulated in Law Number 19 of 2016, it is explained that the existence of Electronic Information and/or Electronic Documents is binding and recognized as valid evidence to provide legal certainty for the Implementation of Electronic Systems and Transactions Electronic, especially in proving and matters relating to legal actions carried out through Electronic Systems.

Pemanfaatan Internet Sehat, Bertanggungjawab dalam Pemasaran Desa Wisata Way Tebing Cepa

Internet media with its offers, choice of various sites and freedom of access is like a double-edged sword, on the one hand it can have a positive impact and on the other hand it can have a negative impact. To avoid crime in cyberspace, we always emphasize the basic principles that must be known when using the internet. Basic principles in the real world also apply in the virtual world. Healthy and safe use of the internet needs to be instilled from an early age through learning healthy internet ethics. This needs to be conveyed to avoid bad habits in the real world being carried over into the virtual world and causing negative effects in the real world. This service activity carried out by lecturers from Indonesian partner universities carries the theme "Healthy and Responsible Use of the Internet in Marketing Way Tebing Cepa Tourism (WTC) Kalianda, South Lampung Regency" where the aim of this activity is to provide knowledge to Way Tebing Cepa tourism managers in using the internet both in promotions and otherwise in order to avoid unhealthy and irresponsible internet use.

CYBERCRIME: CURRENT STATUS AND COUNTERMEASURES

The current stage of development of society is characterized by the widespread introduction of modern telecommunication technologies into all spheres of people’s lives. Unfortunately, information technologies are increasingly being used by attackers for criminal purposes. The reason for this is the distinctive features of virtual space and technologies used to transmit and use information. The article provides a brief description of the state of cybercrime at the current stage of development, and also highlights the specific features of crimes committed using information technology, which ensure an increase in the total number, as well as a high level of latency. The authors pay special attention to such characteristics of cybercrime as transborder nature, the anonymity of the criminal and the high speed of dissemination of information among a large number of Internet users, facilitating the use of high technologies by attackers hoping to hide traces of crimes and remain undetected. In addition, a brief description of victims of cybercrime is given. The authors have identified the main trends in the development of new ways and methods of committing them, and proposed measures to prevent the increase in the number of crimes in cyberspace by informing citizens, increasing the level of information and financial literacy, and international cooperation for effective interaction in order to ensure cybersecurity.

Modification of drug crimes in cyberspace as a threat to the nation’s spiritual health

The purpose of this study is to identify the main problems of drug cybercrime, as well as to justify the detrimental impact of the contactless distribution of narcotic drugs on the spiritual health of the nation. The illegal sale of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances is one of the topical issues of modern society. The methodological basis of this study was comparative legal, formal logical, and statistical methods, as well as methods of logical deduction and induction. Today, cyberspace is increasingly being used for the trafficking of synthetic drugs. The problem of drug cybercrime is one of the main components of the public and information security of the Russian Federation. The use of cyberspace and cryptocurrencies for illicit drug trafficking poses serious challenges for criminal justice professionals, especially for law enforcement agencies. The analysis indicates the objective need for further elaboration of proposals in the disclosure of crimes related to drug trafficking committed remotely. It is argued that it is the anonymity of users of shady sites of the Global Network that complicates the work of law enforcement agencies to counter the «virtual drug business». A comprehensive analysis of the identified trends in the modification of drug crime using information technologies of the Internet was carried out. Certain problems of an organizational and legal nature when investigating drug crimes in a virtual environment are highlighted, and possible options for their solution are presented.

Differentiation of Legislative Criminal Policy Responses to Apparent Crimes in Cyberspace

Attention to the characteristics and distinctions of crimes being committed in cyberspace has led to the formulation of a differentiated approach compared to crimes committed in the physical world, making it comprehensible to the audience of this crime. Therefore, examining the unique characteristics of cybercrimes guides us to the understanding that the models of crime commission in this space will have significant distinctions from those of traditional crimes. Consequently, the differentiation of criminal policy responses in cyberspace, particularly concerning apparent crimes, has led us to investigate important components that assist in this regard. The research method is descriptive-analytical, utilizing library resources for its composition.

International Collaborative Responses to Transnational Cybercrime: how China Strengthen its Capacity to Combat Transnational Cybercrime

The borderless nature of the Internet has greatly facilitated the growth of crime in cyberspace. Cybercrime today has caused huge economic losses worldwide and is violating the right to privacy on a massive scale. The consequences of cybercrime are serious and often occur in different countries and regions. The priority of territorial jurisdiction has been affected by transnational cybercrime., and its convenient application has been lost when the results of the crime are generalized. The basis of subjective territoriality and objective territoriality would be unclear. The abstract cross-border nature of cybercrime has led to frequent conflicts of jurisdiction among States and may even lead to the legal hegemony of cyber-technology powerhouses. The traditional extradition mechanism has gradually failed to respond to the interstate demand to combat transnational cybercrime. In recent years, China has not only introduced strategic policies at the national level to safeguard cybersecurity and combat cybercrime, but has also made progress in criminal legislation, administrative legislation and international cooperation legislation. China has also accumulated experience in police cooperation to combat transnational cybercrime. In order to better cooperate with other countries in international cybercrime , China should actively participate in the formulation of international conventions and regional multilateral agreements on the punishment of cybercrime. It should also further improve its domestic legislation.

Examination of the Status of Privacy in the Legal Systems of Iran and Iraq

Privacy is one of the fundamental human rights issues and a concept integral to developed legal systems, closely linked to human dignity. Respect for individuals' privacy encompasses the sanctity of their residence and workplace, as well as the confidentiality of their communications and correspondences. The legislator has sought to establish specific rules and regulations regarding the search and inspection of homes and premises, particularly during the preliminary investigation stage, to ensure that the collection of evidence is lawful, legitimate, and its admissibility is contingent upon respecting individuals' privacy. Today, safeguarding citizens' privacy and addressing its violation by others is a serious human rights issue, where effective management ensures public peace and comfort. Furthermore, the protection of privacy creates the necessary conditions for the growth and development of individuals' personalities. With the advancement of technology and human progress, invasions of personal privacy have increased, prompting the legislator to enact new laws to protect individuals' privacy. The Islamic Penal Code, Criminal Procedure Code, Constitution, laws and regulations pertaining to postal communications, telephone, press law, and the Charter of Citizens' Rights are among the laws and regulations that, at times implicitly and at other times explicitly, have supported privacy. The aim of the present research is a comparative study of criminal protection of privacy in the legal systems of Iran and Iraq. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the researcher has concluded that when dealing with crimes in cyberspace, modern technology, or new forms of deviance, it is necessary to move beyond traditional and classical definitions, reassess or reinterpret the nature of these issues, and then define the criminal act and determine its punishment based on scientific criteria. These criteria include the extent of harm caused to the victim, the values protected, real benchmarks such as the scope and impact of the crime, and considering causality and proportionality, which are critical in criminal law.

Sosialisasi Child Grooming : Cyber Crime yang Mengintai Anak-Anak di Era Digital

Indonesia is in second place in cyber crime cases in the world. According to Komnas Perempuan’s record, in 2022, online gender-based violence (KBGO) cases occupy the highest position in complains to Komnas Perempuan in the public domain, covering 69% of the total cases. Riau, as one of the provinces in Indonesia, is also not immune to cases of sexual crimes in cyber space. A number of online media reported that Riau experienced an increase in cases of violence against children and women in 2021, this was an increase of 40 cases compared to 2020 . One of the reasons is the lack of parental knowledge of sexual crimes. In addition, the public’s view of sex is still considered very taboo. With current technological developments, it is analogous to an “open gate” that everything can be easily accessed and all forms of cyber crime will easily stalk children, including child grooming. The purpose of this community service is to socialize to the community regarding the dangers of child grooming and provid solutions on how to overcome them. This community service will involve one partner, namely the Raudathul Athfal Alkausar school, Sialang Sakti Village, Dayun District, Siak Regency. The solution offered in this service is to provide counseling related to one type of sexual crime in the digital era called Grooming to both teachers and parents. One of the successes in this service can be seen from the understanding obtained by the teachers and also the guardians of the students. The output targets of this service will later be published in the nationally accredited journal and local electronic mass media.

Collective Behaviour of Crimes In Cyberspace

Aim. The Convention of Cybercrimes (ETS No. 185) singned in Budapest, Hungary in 2001 created the unification of cyber-crimes and had impact on national criminal codes across the world. Therefore I started to colaborate with the National Police Headquarters from Warsaw to investigate direct and indirect connections between cyber-crimes defined by the Convention and the Criminal Code in Poland because statistical analysis of cyber-crimes were not thus far satisfactory .
 Methods. Statistical analysis of data collected in time series may lead to computer correlation coefficients between crimes and detect a hierarchical structure of selected cyber-crimes
 Results. According to correlation coefficients between crimes, the behaviour of independent cyber criminals is collective and might lead to self-organised criticality. Correlations and anticorrelations between crimes are extremely strong. Therefore crimes may exist collectively or may exclude each other
 Conclusion. Hierarchical structure of crimes according to the MST seems to be extremely logical and might lead to a perfect crime plans or prevention against cyber-crimes as well. Therefore the sensitive details given by graph of the MST had to be censored.

OFFENCES COMMITTED THROUGH THE USE OR APPLICATION OF INFORMATION AND TELECOMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES: MODES OF THEIR COMMISSION AND QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERISTICS

The article discusses the ways of committing crimes with the use or application of information and telecommunication technologies (hereinafter — ITT). The current classification of methods is given, quantitative and qualitative characteristics are analyzed, indicating the presence of changes in the structure of ways of committing crimes in cyberspace, as well as the emergence of new ways of committing crimes in the field of ITT. The paper focuses on the need to use operationalinvestigative characteristics of methods of committing crimes with the use or application of ITT in order to ensure an appropriate level of detection and disclosure of these types of crimes by operational units of internal affairs bodies. The author believes that the materials of the article will arouse the interest of the scientific community and practical law enforcement officers.

Implementation Framework National Institute of Standards and Technology (Nist) Evidence Digital In The Forensic Process Social Media

Many people carry out social media activities which are not only positive activities but also activities that have a negative impact, such as crimes in cyberspace. especially forensics mobile in assisting the resolution of crime cases through social media Instagram with media access smartphone. The biggest problem in the data retrieval process is that the perpetrator deletes or tries to eliminate digital evidence on a smartphone so this research aims to implement the framework National Institute of Standards and Technology to investigate data forensic evidence on social media Instagram accessed via smartphone Android by using tools mobile Edit forensic in data extraction on a smartphone with workflow stages collection, - reporting. This study uses a conversation scenario on the Instagram feature direct message (DM) with conditions including deleting data on the Instagram application. The method used in handling cybercrime with media evidence smartphones is the method National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The results of this study are in collecting data in the form of 25 conversations (chat), 206 images, 86 videos, 5 audio, and 4 call logs on smartphones. However tools MOBILEdit Forensic in returning digital evidence are unable to recover conversations and call logs as a whole.

Metaverse Applications in Medical Education

Learning and teaching through personal computers have come a long way (1). Over the past two decades, Friedman has described the concept of the "amazing medical education machine" and how medical education can grow incrementally in space, time, and content through the appropriate use of this technology. With the advent of the Metaverse, this amazing medical learning machine has now become a reality. The Metaverse is a combination of "meta" and "universe" that describes a virtual environment connected to the physical world (2). In educational concepts, Metaverse is a term used to describe a variety of pervasive technologies, including virtual reality, augmented reality, or mixed reality, which are used to advance education and learning practices (3). The use of Metaverse in medical education offers new technological and educational capabilities in improving the abilities of health care professionals in patient care, medical knowledge, teamwork, diagnostic reasoning and critical thinking (4, 3). For trainees, with the help of Metaverse, a headset device was used to place them in the space and conditions similar to their working environments, similar to inside the room and next to the patient's bed. This new format allows teams of learners to interact with patients, peers, and educators while simultaneously visualizing the patient's clinical findings, imaging, and laboratory studies at the bedside (2). In another study, the research team developed a multitasking virtual reality application for cardiac arrest resuscitation. This program allows four interns to be in a "virtual room" and collaborate to care for a cardiac arrest patient. In short, medical education has also grown and developed according to new technologies. We need to know how to best use these unique features of the Metaverse in learning design and the overall future of medical education and therapy (1, 5). Metaverse can be used to simulate real-world scenarios, provide interactive feedback and personalized learning based on the needs and preferences of individual learners. This tool can be used to simulate real environments such as hospitals, operating rooms or natural environments, which can help medical students develop their skills and knowledge in a safe and controlled environment To develop (3,4). Research results show that learning based on clinical scenarios simulate real life and continuously improve learning results. Metaverse can improve experiential learning through the integration of effective educational approaches, such as problem-based learning, game-based learning, and scenario-based learning (6). The development of virtual reality simulation technologies in health care systems can be used not only in surgeries, but also in diagnosis, rehabilitation and education. The experiences of using Metaverse should be expanded so that health care providers and professors can understand the necessity of using it (5, 7). He pointed out the limitations of the Metaverse, weaker social connections and the possibility of violating one's privacy. In addition, committing various crimes in cyber space may happen due to the anonymity of people. The following suggestions can be used for educational use of Metaverse: professors should carefully analyze how students understand Metavers. also, educational Metaverse platforms should be created to prevent misuse of students' data (8).

LEGAL PROTECTION AGAINST VICTIMS OF DOXING CRIME IN INDONESIA

The development of the digital era has increased the number of crimes in cyberspace, one of which is doxing. Doxing is the dissemination of information regarding the personal data of a person or group, which is carried out online without the consent of the party concerned. This act is regulated in Article 26 of Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions. Legal protection against the crime of doxing is divided into two, namely preventive and repressive. Preventive is where legal protection is provided to prevent doxing by limiting activities on social media, while repressive is in the form of legal protection in the form of criminal sanctions that have been regulated and the rules that have been established in Indonesia. This research is a legal analysis with a conceptual approach. The main objective of this research was to analyze the legal protection against victims of doxing crime in Indonesia. According to this research Legal protection efforts for victims of doxing crime are divided into 2 (two): Preventive legal protection and Repressive Legal is provided by the government by creating cyber police.

Studi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Kejahatan Cyber Crime dan Pencemaran Nama Baik di Ruang Siber (Kasus Direktorat Kriminal Khusus Subdit V Cyber Crime Polda Sumatera Utara)

Criminal policy represents the rational strategy of society in addressing criminal activities. Criminal law policy is a subfield of criminal law science that focuses on crime prevention. In Indonesia, the government has enacted Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (ITE Law) to regulate the use of information technology and social media, aiming to maintain justice, public order, and legal certainty. Defamation refers to actions that harm an individual's reputation through spoken or written words. Article 27 paragraph (3) of the ITE Law regulates defamation. This research explores both penal and non-penal policies in addressing defamation crimes in cyberspace. A normative juridical method is employed to analyze legal solutions to this issue. Primary, secondary, and tertiary data are combined to investigate this matter. A population and sample approach is utilized to answer the research questions. This study analyzes the effectiveness of criminal and non-criminal policies in dealing with online defamation, providing crucial insights for future regulatory enhancements.

Pelatihan Digital Marketing Dengan Menggunakan Aplikasi Tiktok Untuk Meningkatkan Pemasaran Way Tebing Cepa

Internet media with its offers, choice of various sites and freedom of access is like a double-edged sword, on the one hand it can have a positive impact and on the other hand it can have a negative impact. To avoid crime in cyberspace, we always emphasize the basic principles that must be known when using the internet. Basic principles in the real world also apply in the virtual world. Healthy and safe use of the internet needs to be instilled from an early age through learning healthy internet ethics. This needs to be conveyed to avoid bad habits in the real world being carried over into the virtual world and causing negative effects in the real world. This service activity carried out by lecturers from Indonesian partner universities carries the theme "Healthy and Responsible Use of the Internet in Marketing Way Tebing Cepa Tourism ( WTC) Kalianda, South Lampung Regency" where the aim of this activity is to provide knowledge to Way Tebing Cepa tourism managers in using the internet both in promotions and otherwise in order to avoid unhealthy and irresponsible internet use.

Pertanggungjawaban Pidana Pada Pelaku Penyebaran Dan Jual Beli Konten Pornografi Pada Media Sosial Telegram

The spread of crime in cyberspace does not escape the crime of pornography, taking advantage of the large storage capacity that Telegram offers has provoked a number of ignorant people to use this social media to spread paid pornographic content. The purpose of this study is to examine and understand what criminal liability and compensation can be imposed on perpetrators of spreading and buying and selling negative content in the Telegram application. Writing scientific journal articles uses a normative research methodology, in which this research uses a statutory approach. The results of the study show that criminal liability that can ensnare perpetrators of pornographic crimes is regulated more specifically based on the principle of lex specialis derogate lex generalis in Law Number 19 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Law Number 11 of 2008 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions.
 

Forensic typology of criminal offenses in cyberspace

Today, crime in the cyberspace has been declared a global international problem, as evidenced by international agreements that provide for joint steps to combat this high-tech and technical phenomenon, as well as the actual use of cyberespionage and cyberterrorism methods by various countries. At the same time, the danger from criminal offenses committed in cyberspace is also recognized by law enforcement agencies of various countries of the world. Currently, crime in cyberspace is one of the main threats to the national security and defense of Ukraine. The past year became a certain catalyst for the development of new tactical-oriented methods of combating criminal offenses in cyberspace, both within the framework of public relations in the fieldof national security and in other areas, in particular, the safe functioning of digital devices.Carrying out the correct typology of criminal offenses committed in cyberspace is of great importance in the correct investigation of this type of criminal offences, and the development of the correct methodology for collecting the evidence base.In our scientific work, we investigated several grounds for the typology of criminal offenses in cyberspace, in particular: 1) Convention «On Cybercrime»; 2) forensic significance of elements of information and telecommunication technologies; 3) by the methods of committing this type of socially dangerous acts; 4) qualifications of subjects who commit criminal offenses in cyberspace; 5) according to the objects of criminal encroachment.It is emphasized that the study of criminal offenses committed in cyberspace in terms of their criminological understanding should have a complex nature and should be considered from different angles.It has been established that in the course of typological research of socially dangerous acts committed in cyberspace, one cannot be limited to the distribution of criminalistic typology on only one basis, the essence of the matter obliges to build typological systems based on all possible real signs.

Kebijakan Untuk Mencegah Pencurian Data Pribadi Dalam Media Elektronik

This article discusses the significance of implementing special regulations to maintain the confidentiality of personal data for every citizen as well as implementing strict and comprehensive anti-theft practices through electronic media in Indonesia. This study aims to present an understanding of legal protection against identity theft crimes in cyberspace and the factors that can trigger these crimes. The research method used is normative with reference to library materials in the form of legal materials such as journals, concepts, papers, theories, principles and legal norms currently in force in Indonesia.

Mechanism for Protecting Personal Data Against Crimes in Cyber-Space (Cyber Crime)

Protection of personal data is one of the Human Rights (HAM) which is part of personal protection and all of its property needs to be given a legal basis to provide security for the personal data. Besides that, protection of personal data is needed to raise public awareness and guarantee recognition and respect for the importance of protecting personal data. Protection of personal data from hacking actions carried out by irresponsible people who can endanger themselves. By hacking personal data, hackers will be able to enter banking accounts, social media accounts, and others which can cause material losses to victims of hacking. There are so many negative impacts experienced by victims, that criminal law is needed in determining criminal responsibility for hackers because this is a serious crime that can be threatened with criminal sanctions.

Legal Reconstruction of Trafficking Victim Protection Based on Justice Value

The development of computer technology and the internet provide implications-the implications are significant in the settings and the establishment of regulations in cyber space and cyber laws as well as to the development of crime in cyberspace or often referred to as cybercrimes. Of the various things that need to be emphasized that the internet was not initially designed for tracking and tracinguser behavior, but it is designed for the needs of the military in the face of war the world at that time. Normatively, with the establishment of Law Number 11 Year 2008 On Information and Electronic Transactions as new rules that apply, and all the population is considered to have been knowing. Adoption of the Law on Information and electronic transactions against cybercrime. In the era of industrial Revolution 4.0 is the current utilization of the technology, the more massive the better government agencies, private companies, national banking, center for research and society. Sociological research empirical, then studied at first is secondary data, to then proceeds with the research on primary data lapangam or to the community. The author will give an overview first the definition and the classification of crime is cybercrime, the perpetrators and victims of form and modus operandi as well as how the public reacts to kejehatan cybercrime such. Cybercrime is a criminal activity in the virtual world with a network utilizing the computer as a tool and a network of the internet as a medium. In a broader sense, cybercrime is all the illegal actions committed through a computer network and the internet to get advantage by harming the other party. Then in the narrow sense, cybercrime are all illegal actions that are intended to attack computer security systems and the data processed by a computer system.