Immigration And Crime Research Articles

Immigrant Victimization: Centering Language in Theory, Data and Method

Compared to immigrant criminality, relatively less attention is paid to immigrant victimization, even as extensive scholarship on criminal victimization exists more generally. This is curious in light of research showing that certain immigrant groups are at increased risk of victimization with respect to certain crimes. In this essay, we set out to answer the following questions: How do leading theories of victimization explain the risk of immigrant victimization? Are there aspects of immigrant victimization that would benefit from further theorization and empirical inquiry? How do challenges associated with data collection of immigrant populations impact the advancement of theorizing and research on immigrant victimization? What insights about immigrant victimization may be gained by better integrating theory, data, and method in this research area? To answer these questions, we first provide an overview of classic frameworks used to explain criminal victimization in general, mapping their development to broader discussions in victimology. We then review how victimization theories are used to explain immigrant victimization, discuss the possibility of using culturally integrated theories of offending in immigrant victimization research, and examine data impediments associated with studying immigrant crime victims. With an aim toward integrating theory, data, and method in this research area, we next propose that scholars center language in research on immigrant victimization, offering examples of where such an approach could yield important theoretical and empirical advancements. We conclude by identifying policies and practices that are consistent with this approach.

Aspek Hukum Keimigrasian Terhadap Orang Asing Yang Berada Di Indonesia

Introduction: Immigration is a matter of regulating the traffic of people entering or leaving the Territory of the Republic of Indonesia and its supervision in the context of maintaining state sovereignty.Purposes of the Research: Review and analyze the Regulations of Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration regarding the supervision of Foreigners in Indonesia.Methods of the Research: Scientific writing is carried out using research methods, with normative juridical research types, problem approaches using case approaches and law approaches, primary, secondary and tertiary sources of legal materials and techniques for collecting and managing legal materials using library research by searching and reviewing books. related to solving the problem in this writing.Results of the Research: Foreigners who enter illegally into the territory of the State of Indonesia are foreigners who enter without going through the inspection of immigration officials and without being accompanied by valid and still valid travel documents, this is a development burden for the government in solving these problems. This can be seen and studied in the Immigration Act by looking at the arrangements for the supervision of foreigners and the imposition of sanctions on immigration crimes committed. Immigration in carrying out its duties and authorities must be more assertive in handling and providing sanctions to foreigners who commit immigration violations and crimes in accordance with Law No. in giving sanctions to someone who commits an immigration crime.

Justice System Contact and Health: Do Immigrants Fair Better or Worse than the Native-Born after Arrest, Probation, or Incarceration?

Despite decades of both macro- and micro-level studies showing immigration to be unassociated or negatively linked to crime, research examining the consequences of justice system contact among immigrants has been comparatively underdeveloped. The current study examines whether justice system contact (arrest, probation, and incarceration) is linked to poorer health and, in turn, whether there were differences in how justice system contact is related to immigrant versus native-born health. Using data from multiple waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), we construct both ordinal and Poisson regression models predicting poor self-rated health and the prevalence of chronic health conditions for both foreign-born and native-born groups, as well as different generations. The findings suggest important differences by nativity, immigrant generation, and type of justice system contact. Despite lower criminality than the native-born, the health of immigrants is deleteriously impacted by some types of justice system contact, especially incarceration, while probation is more strongly linked to poor health among the native-born. Our findings carry implications for the provision of care for individuals with histories of criminal justice involvement, as well as academic research examining the consequences of justice contact and the immigration–crime nexus.

“Keep them out to save our inside:” discourses on immigration by the Spanish far right

AbstractVox is a far‐right, Spanish political party that has steadily grown to become the third main party in the national congress. Immigration is a major presence in Vox's political agenda. Through Critical Discourse Analysis, we analyze the party's public speeches and Twitter communications on immigration in the last 3 years, from the beginning of the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020 to the Ukraine‐Russia war in 2022. These contexts have provided a fertile ground for Vox's concerns with the protection of national borders, the criminalization of African and irregular immigrants, and the Spanish Government's ineffectiveness to protect the Spaniards' homes. Vox's main discursive strategies entail constructions of migrants and migration based on dichotomous binaries, culture clash, exclusionary discourses of domopolitics, and fears of imminent social and cultural changes. These constructions are based on the unproblematized belief on essential and unchangeable values that forge the identity of the homeland, which is implicitly threatened by immigrants. Against the migratory invasion, Vox constitutes itself as the ethical protector of the Spanish society and nation, “out of care for the insiders and not out of hatred for outsiders.”

Health inequities and social determinants of health in refugee and immigrant communities.

This article evaluates and elucidates the intersections across social and economic determinants of health and social structures that maintain current inequities and structural violence with a focus on the impact on imMigrants (immigrants and migrants), refugees, and those who remain invisible (e.g., people without immigration status who reside in the United States) from Black, Indigenous, and People of Color communities. Psychology has a history of treating individuals and families without adequately considering how trauma is cyclically and generationally maintained by structural violence, inequitable resources, and access to services. The field has not fully developed collaboration within an interdisciplinary framework or learning from best practices through international/global partnerships. Psychology has also been inattentive to the impact of structural violence prominent in impoverished communities. This structural harm has taken the form of the criminalization of imMigrants and refugees through detention, incarceration, and asylum citizenship processes. Most recently, the simultaneous occurrence of multiple catastrophic events, such as COVID-19, political polarization and unrest, police violence, and acceleration of climate change, has created a hypercomplex emergency for marginalized and vulnerable groups. We advance a framework that psychologists can use to inform, guide, and integrate their work. The foundation of this framework is select United Nations Sustainable Development Goals to address health inequities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Makassar City Government Intensity in Supervision and Regulation of Foreign Residents as a Form of Safeguarding the Sovereignty of the Indonesian Nation

Makassar is now one of the most attractive cities for foreigners to visit; this then needs to be taken seriously by the authorities and those who have the power to carry out the supervisory function of these foreigners because the data revealed that in 2018 13 foreigners are detected as committing violations until they enter the realm of immigration crime, indirectly this will be a threat to the sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Proposed research The implementation of supervision of foreigners and foreign community organisations are aimed at maintaining the upholding of the Sovereignty of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. Achieving these monitoring objectives requires an optimal role from the city government, which must also involve other elements such as relevant government agencies and the community—bearing in mind also that supervision is one of the roles of the government related to its administrative functions. The research uses a descriptive analysis approach, which will seek or describe the intensity of supervision and regulation of the Makassar City Government for foreigners in maintaining the nation’s sovereignty. The type of research applied is research with a writing method with a normative juridical approach (normative legal analysis), which refers to legal norms contained in legislation that uses a normative footing. The results of the study show the following: (a) Makassar City Government's intensity in Supervision and Regulation of Foreign Residents as a form of safeguarding National Sovereignty is carried out through the Makassar City National and Political Unity Agency by forming a Foreigner Supervision Team (POA) to carry out its supervisory role in the form of monitoring of the presence of foreigners in Makassar. Kesbangpol also involves the Regional Intelligence Community, abbreviated as Kominda, to facilitate the monitoring of foreigners in Makassar City. (b) The process of carrying out verification is the main task of the immigration authorities to carry out data collection. Data on foreigners from the immigration department is then coordinated with the Makassar City Government in a meeting of the Foreigner Supervision Team (POA). Keywords: Intensity, Surveillance, Foreign Residents, City Government

Public Health and Prisons: Priorities in the Age of Mass Incarceration.

Mass incarceration is a sociostructural driver of profound health inequalities in the United States. The political and economic forces underpinning mass incarceration are deeply rooted in centuries of the enslavement of people of African descent and the genocide and displacement of Indigenous people and is inextricably connected to labor exploitation, racial discrimination, the criminalization of immigration, and behavioral health problems such as mental illness and substance use disorders. This article focuses on major public health crises and advances in state and federal prisons and discusses a range of practical strategies for health scholars, practitioners, and activists to promote the health and dignity of incarcerated people. It begins by summarizing the historical and sociostructural factors that have led to mass incarceration in the United States. It then describes the ways in which prison conditions create or worsen chronic, communicable, and behavioral health conditions, while highlighting priority areas for public health research and intervention to improve the health of incarcerated people, including decarceral solutions that can profoundly minimize-and perhaps one day help abolish-the use of prisons.

The Role Of Immigration Civil Servant Investigator In The Legal History Of Indonesia

To deal with the excesses of the flow of cross-border human movement, immigration is present as an apparatus in regulating the traffic of people in and out of the territory of Indonesia, monitoring the presence and activities of foreigners while in Indonesia, as well as carrying out law enforcement activities in a sustainable and intensive manner. The legal history of Indonesia records that at first the immigration crime was a general crime which later turned into a special crime. With this paradigm change, of course, the authority of the Immigration Civil Servant Investigator will change in carrying out law enforcement. The research used in the preparation of this journal is normative legal research. Normative legal research, which can also be called doctrinal legal research, usually only uses secondary data sources, namely laws and regulations, court decisions, legal theory, and the opinions of leading scholars. Analysis of the data used is normative legal analysis because the object of this research is legislation that has permanent and binding legal force. There are 3 (three) laws and regulations that mention the role of Immigration Civil Servant Investigator in conducting criminal investigations. Immigration, namely through Emergency Law Number 8 of 1955 regarding Immigration Crimes, Law Number 9 of 1992 regarding Immigration and Law Number 6 of 2011 regarding Immigration. In each period of enactment of this regulation, the role of Immigration Civil Servant Investigator in carrying out law enforcement is increasing. It is hoped that with the increase in duties and authorities, Immigration Civil Servant Investigator can become independent Investigator in investigating immigration crimes.

More immigrants, less death: An analysis of immigration effects on county‐level drug overdose deaths, 2000–2015

AbstractPublic and political discourse has routinely suggested that immigration is linked to higher community levels of violence and drug problems. In contrast to these claims, research has consistently shown that immigration is not associated with greater violence at the macro level. However, few studies have examined the links between immigration flows and community drug problems. The current study seeks to address this gap in research by providing a county‐level longitudinal analysis of immigration and drug overdose deaths both overall and by substance type for the 2000 to 2015 period and provides an analysis of homicide for comparison with prior immigration–crime research. In addition, this analysis compares immigration–overdose relationships across immigrant destination types. The current project relies on overdose and homicide data drawn from the Centers for Disease Control's Restricted Access Multiple Cause of Death Mortality files combined with data on county social, economic, health, and legal contexts drawn from multiple macro‐level data sources. Findings reveal that immigration is not associated with higher levels of overdose or homicide deaths, and when effects are significant, immigration is linked to lower levels of overdose mortality across multiple substances and destination types.

#Lorrydeaths: Structural Topic Modeling of Twitter Users' Attitudes About the Deaths of 39 Vietnamese Migrants to the United Kingdom.

In this article, we analyze anti- and pro-immigrant attitudes expressed following the Essex Lorry Deaths tragedy in October 2019 in Britain, in which 39 Vietnamese immigrants died in a sealed lorry truck on their way to their destination. We apply Structural Topic Modeling, an automated text analysis method, to a Twitter dataset (N = 4,376), to understand public responses to the Lorry Deaths incident. We find that Twitter users' posts were organized into two themes regarding attitudes toward immigrants: (1) migration narratives, stereotypes, and victim identities, and (2) border control. Within each theme, both pro- and anti-immigration attitudes were expressed. Pro-immigration posts reflected counter-narratives that challenged the mainstream media's coverage of the incident and critiqued the militarization of borders and the criminalization of immigration. Anti-immigration posts ranged from reproducing stereotypes about Vietnamese immigrants to explicitly blaming the victims themselves or their families for the deaths. This study demonstrates the uses and limitations of using Twitter for public opinion research by offering a nuanced analysis of how pro-and anti-immigration attitudes are discussed in response to a tragic event. Our research also contributes to a growing literature on public opinion about an often-forgotten immigrant group in the UK, the Vietnamese.

Self-rated health of both US citizens and noncitizens is associated with state-level immigrant criminalization policies

Evidence shows that state-level restrictive immigrant policies are associated with health disparities between noncitizens and citizens. Most research has focused on Latinos and there is limited knowledge of the relationship between restrictive policies and citizenship status among other groups, particularly Asian and Pacific Islanders (API). We examined whether state-level criminalization policy contexts (e.g., law enforcement collaboration with immigration authorities, E-Verify employment authorization) were associated with self-rated health (SRH) by citizenship, with a focus on Latinos and APIs. We expected that criminalization policies would be associated with worse health for noncitizens and citizens, but with a more negative influence for noncitizens; and that this pattern would be the same for Latinos and APIs. We merged a state-level immigrant criminalization policy database with a multi-racial/ethnic sample from 2014 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS, n = 70,335). We tested the association between SRH and the number of state-level criminalization policies and generated predicted probabilities of noncitizens and citizens reporting excellent health in states with the most and fewest criminalization policies for the full sample, Latino, and API respondents. In states with the most criminalization policies, all noncitizens had a higher and all US-born citizens had a lower probability of excellent health. In states with the fewest criminalization policies there were no differences by citizenship status. Findings provide new evidence that state-level immigrant policies may harm the health of US-born citizens. As immigrant policymaking at the state level continues, understanding the relationship between state-level immigrant policies and health inequities across citizenship statuses will continue to be critical to improving population health.

Exploring sources of heterogeneity in immigrant crime: Evidence from Norway

Evidence from prior research indicates that, in many European countries, immigrants tend to be overrepresented in official crime statistics. Most of these studies treat immigrants as a single category, ignoring considerable differences in the characteristics of this population aggregate. To better understand the nature of immigrant crime, our research explores variation in registered criminal offending across two characteristics that have been relatively neglected in previous work: the immigrants’ cultural backgrounds and their reasons to migrate. The analysis uses population-wide microdata from Norwegian administrative sources and considers both violent and total offending rates for men and women separately. Results show that, net of controls for age, employment, and other sociodemographic factors, immigrant men from environments that differ culturally the most from Norway in terms of Survival versus Self-Expression values have increased rates of registered criminal involvement. Rates are also higher for refugees and family members of refugees, but the relative ranking of groups that have migrated for various reasons differs between men and women and between total and violent offending. Our results are consistent with processes to be expected based on social control, anomie/strain, and labelling perspectives, suggesting fruitful avenues of inquiry for future research on the relationships between immigrant background and registered offending.

Criminal Act Of Travel Document Fraud Reviewed Based On Law Number 6 Year 2011 On Immigration

The crime of document fraud committed by Malaysian foreign nationals is charged with Article 126 letter c and Article 127 of Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration. The form of immigration crime committed was passport forgery so that the perpetrator was sentenced to 1 year in prison and a fine of IDR 1.000.000. However, the sentence is considered too low so that it does not provide a deterrent effect to the perpetrators of immigration crimes. Supposedly, the judge can decide on a heavier sentence based on the provisions in Article 126 letter c and Article 127 of Law Number 6 of 2011 concerning Immigration.

Zorunlu Suriyeli Göçü Bağlamında Türkiye’de Yurttaşlığı Yeniden Düşünmek

Ulus-devlet anlayışı ekseninde mevcut yurttaşlık tanımı zorunlu göçlerin neden olduğu göçmen (öteki) gerçekliğini kapsamaktan ve kavramaktan uzak bir görünüm arz etmektedir. Türkiye’de ulus devlet anlayışının gelişim süreci dikkate alındığında, etnisist ve devleti kutsayan bir yurttaşlık algısının eğitim aracılığıyla inşa edilmesi nedeniyle çoğulcu ve kapsayıcı olmaktan uzak bir yurttaşlık söz konusudur. Bu bağlamda okul, söz konusu yurttaşlık algısının inşasında, seküler ve milliyetçi kaygılarla beslenen ve merkeziyetçi bir anlayışla denetlenebilen bir ulus kimliğin pekişmesinde işlevsel konumda yer almıştır. Bu nedenle, zorunlu Suriyeli göçü sonucu göçmenlerin yurttaşlığa entegrasyonuna dair taleplere cevap verme konusunda yetersiz kalınmakla birlikte, ulus devlet anlayışının hukuksal çerçevesi ve milliyetçi motivasyonu göçmenlerin ötekileştirilmesine ve kriminalleştirilmesine zemin hazırlamaktadır. Öyle ki, göçmenlerin yerleşikler tarafından dışlanması, göçmenlerin kendi içlerine dönerek sarsılmışların dayanışması bağlamında, kamusal temastan uzaklaşmasına, iletişimi kendileriyle benzer mağduriyetlere maruz kalan kitlelerle sınırlamalarına, yerel dile yönelik öğrenme isteklerinin azalmasına ve ihtiyaçlarını kayıt dışı ya da gayri meşru yollar aracılığıyla karşılamaya yönelmektedirler. Zorunlu göç sonucu göçmenler ve yerleşikler arasında yaşanan karşılıklı hoşnutsuzlukların çözümüne dair daha somut adımların atılabilmesi için “öteki”nin haklarına yönelik hassasiyeti kapsayan bir “dünya yurttaşlığı” anlayışına gereklilik söz konusudur. Bu çerçevede, iletişim, dinleme ve sorgulama hususları işlevselleştirilerek, yurttaşlığın yeniden düşünülmesi, görmezden gelinen tüm insani değerlerin görünür kılınması açısından önemlidir. Bu sayede göç etmek zorunda kalan göçmenlerin yerleşiklerle kurdukları toplumsal temas bağlamında, göçmenlerin tutunmalarına ve tanınmalarına zemin sağlayacak ahlaki olgunluğun ve sorumluluk duygusunun karşılıklı olarak pekişmesi muhtemel görünmektedir. Bununla birlikte farklılıkların indirgenmediği bir düzlemde, iletişim özgürlüğünün kamusal alanda katılımı ve etkileşimi tetikleyerek, kimlik temelli toplumsal açmazlara yönelik bir çözüm arayışına kapı aralanmaktadır.

People in Cold Storage: The Cruel Limbos of Historical and Current Detainees in the United States

People in Cold Storage:The Cruel Limbos of Historical and Current Detainees in the United States Lori A. Flores (bio) Elliott Young, Forever Prisoners: How the United States Made the World's Largest Immigrant Detention System. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2021. xi + 280 pp. Figures, notes, bibliography, and index. $34.95 The Oxford definition of limbo is "an uncertain period of awaiting a decision or resolution" or "a state of neglect or oblivion." Some synonyms are: unfinished, incomplete, suspended, put off, on ice, in cold storage, abandoned, forgotten. In the realm of immigration, the word and act of deportation have a sense of decisiveness to them. Yet half a million people are detained in the U.S. every year, and the conditions of detention are much more mysterious and liminal, and intentionally designed to be so (p. 18). In Forever Prisoners, Elliott Young homes in on case studies of communal and individual detention in the United States from the nineteenth century to the present. He seeks to prove how the country's two vast systems of policing and immigrant detention have been inextricably linked during this entire time period, and not just in recent decades. Over the centuries, the United States has used different places to incarcerate immigrants—prisons, islands, insane asylums, hastily-constructed camps—and maintained an historical and consistent concern about detaining foreigners to the point that "[r]oughly the same proportion of immigrants were deprived of their liberty then as now" (p. 7). Young's book joins other recent works that tie carceral history and immigration history together, including Adam Goodman's The Deportation Machine (2020), Laura Briggs's Taking Children (2020), Jenna M. Loyd and Alison Mountz's Boats, Borders, and Bases (2018), and Kelly Lytle-Hernández's City of Inmates (2017). Structurally, through "select granular experiences of detention" that cross time, space, and different foreign populations, Young shows readers how America "built the world's largest system for imprisoning immigrants" (p. 3). Beginning in the late nineteenth century at the height of anti-Chinese violence and xenophobia, the U.S. government held hundreds of Chinese people in federal prisons off the coast of Washington State, with unpredictable waits [End Page 217] before their deportations. Meanwhile, on the East Coast during the early twentieth century, the intertwined medical pathologization and criminalization of immigrants made insane asylums, hospitals, and "charitable" institutions the new detention centers for thousands of foreigners. Then, during World War II, the U.S. abducted "enemy aliens" from Latin America and Europe and placed them in immigrant detention/labor camps in Texas and New Mexico. The 1980s brought waves of darker-skinned and poorer refugees from the Caribbean, and the U.S. government held over 125,000 Cubans and 23,000 Haitians, prolonging determination on their cases to examine their criminal histories. A confluence of factors in the 1990s—greater militarization of the U.S.-Mexico border, governmental expansion of the range of crimes for which immigrants could be deported, and courts' hyper-punishment of low-level offenses—amplified what Juliet Stumpf has termed "crimmigration," or the merging of criminal and immigration law in America (p. 12). With local police now given federal powers to arrest and detain immigrants, millions of people live, work, and parent in fear of being apprehended every day. Ending with the case of a Central American woman haunted by a crime in her California youth that triggered her deportation a decade later and the separation from her U.S.-born children, Young illustrates the plight of numerous mixed-immigration-status families in America. Chapter One drops readers two miles off the coast of Tacoma, Washington on McNeil Island, a territorial jail that opened in 1875 with just three prisoners but soon became "the western birthplace of immigrant incarceration" (p. 24). Angel Island has received more scholarly attention, but unauthorized Chinese, Mexican, Canadian, and other immigrants were sent to McNeil for several decades. The island joined a nationwide network of carceral institutions (jails, workhouses, prisons) that held a disproportionate population of foreigners at the turn of the twentieth century. By the 1920s, Young observes, illegal entry had fallen away as the primary recorded violation for immigrants in favor of...

Relief or removal: State logics of deservingness and masculinity for immigrant men in removal proceedings

AbstractIn recent years, there has been an unprecedented rise in the number of immigrants facing removal from the United States, many of whom make a case for their right to be granted relief from removal and stay in the country. While immigrant men of color are disproportionately represented in both removal proceedings and contemporary sociopolitical constructions of immigrant criminalization, existing literature has largely overlooked the state's cultural logics involved in decision-making about immigrant relief or removal. Drawing on theories of racialized masculinity and state gendering, I analyze how judges in immigration court utilize a politicized discourse of masculinity to justify legalization for immigrant men through their relational ties to US citizens. Using ethnographic observations of hearings for the Cancellation of Removal and the judicial decisions that support immigrant removal or relief, I develop a conceptual framework of “relational masculinity,” in which judges evaluate men as emotionally involved parents and partners in traditional family arrangements, raising culturally integrated Americans, and as economic providers of upward social mobility, to determine their deservingness for relief. These findings suggest that, alongside widespread gendered and racialized criminalization, the state also engages in an evaluation process to assess the masculinity of immigrant men who may be formally admitted into the United States. I argue that adherence to these gendered and racialized norms plays a key role in determining migrants' deservingness and membership, with important implications for how the state actively manages immigrant masculinity and bolsters caregiving support for US citizens, alongside heightened criminalization.

“Immigration Knocks on the Door . . . We Are Stuck . . .”: A Multilevel Analysis of Undocumented Youth’s Experiences of Racism, System Failure, and Resistance in Policy and School Contexts

Background/Context: Undocumented youth navigate unwelcoming federal, state, and local contexts in the United States. Although previous research shows the significant impact of immigration policy and enforcement on educational outcomes and social-emotional well-being, this study sheds light on the multiple, intersecting policy, and school contexts that hinder social and educational mobility. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to elicit Latinx undocumented immigrant youth experiences in a southern state to contribute to evolving research on their experiences in K-12 schools. In addition, the purpose was to understand how undocumented youth (a) talk about the policies that impact their daily lives, (b) perceive the organizational-level structures that exist to support them in school and community contexts, and (c) articulate a sense of belonging through their community and school interactions in relation to processes of racialization and its impact on immigration status. Conceptually, the paper uses a multilevel, interactional framework to show the impact of racialization of Latinx undocumented immigrants in policy, school, and community, and relational contexts. Research Design: The study is a 3-year critical ethnography of two Title I high schools in the U.S. South that maintains particularly restrictive policies toward immigrants. Fieldwork from two school sites and interviews with 63 undocumented youth, and relevant personnel deepen our understanding of their status of illegality—specifically how their material lives are impacted by policy and institutional-level dynamics and constraints. Conclusions/Recommendations: The author shows how youth voice through ethnographic evidence counteracts anti-immigrant policies and criminalization of Latinx immigrants; youth critique social policy and institutions that seek to limit their progress in society. The implications for policymakers, educators, and school-based personnel is significant Although legal status may impose certain limitations on undocumented students’ educational opportunities, their educational trajectories are still highly determined by school structures. Knowing this, educators can respond effectively to ensure educational rights and equitable educational practice.

IMMIGRATION ADMINISTRATIVE ACTION LEGAL PORTRAIT

The increasing era of globalization which causes traffic flow of people entering and leaving the territory of Indonesia. Selective Policy is one way to overcome the problem of traffic in people where this policy only allows foreign nationals who can provide benefits and do not interfere with state security who are allowed to enter Indonesian territory. To ensure that it is more effective, it is also necessary to implement a policy of providing appropriate Immigration Administrative Actions to suppress the increase in cases of immigration violations. This study, entitled Portrait of Immigration Administrative Action Law, will discuss the types of Immigration Administrative Actions and law enforcement efforts against immigration administrative actions. The purpose of this study was to determine the types and efforts of law enforcement against Immigration Administrative Actions. In this study using normative research methods because it is only aimed at written regulations so that this writing is very closely related to the library. This study explains that there are various types of Immigration Administrative Actions that are adapted to the types of violations committed by Foreign Citizens and the law enforcement efforts provided can be classified into two, namely in addition to being subject to Immigration Administrative Actions, immigration crimes can also be imposed to provide a deterrent effect to violators

Criminological Characteristics of Migrant Crimes: Russian and Foreign Practices

Migrants and ever-rising incidences of immigrant crimes tend to be perceived as a serious threat provoking fear and apprehension throughout the world. The current study provides useful insights into immigrant criminality and the ways of its deterrence. However, despite all recent attempts to carry out the scientific assessment of criminological characteristics of the studied social and legal phenomenon there is a strong need for a comprehensive study of foreign scientific literature and practice.

Child Immigrant Detention: Spokesperson Key Messages, Engineered Frames, and Cultural Rules

Public relations professionals engineer acceptability for policy, such as child immigrant detention, through key messages. Agenda building, engineered frames, and rules theories guide study of spokesperson attributions from 221 articles from January 2017 to October 2019. Findings show attributions to U.S. government spokespersons appeared most in stories. Journalist inquiries were declined at times by spokespersons citing legal and privacy arguments. While all spokespersons addressed the vulnerability of detained children, government spokespersons framed adult immigrant criminality as causing children harm. Opinion polls show government efforts to present child detention as a law-and-order issue appears to clash with cultural rules that value child well-being.