The geological conditions of coal mining in my country are complex, and the difficulty of coal mining is becoming more and more difficult. Among them, the problem of coal mine structure also appears frequently. The existence of structures will not only greatly increase the cost of coal mining, but also pose a great threat to the safe production of coal mines. Conventional exploration methods cannot accurately predict structural development areas. At present, trough wave seismic exploration technology has become a mine geophysical method to detect coal seam structure. Because trough wave seismic exploration technology has the advantages of large exploration distance, high precision, strong anti-interference ability, easy identification of waveform characteristics and intuitive results, it is widely used in engineering widely used in practice. This time, the transmission slot wave exploration method was used to detect the structural abnormal area of the working face. The results show that the attenuation coefficient inversion results can intuitively reflect the abnormal area with structural development, and the interpretation accuracy of the structure is greatly improved, which provides a guarantee for the safe production of coal mines.