Crenosoma Vulpis Research Articles

The ecology ofEchinococcus multilocularis(Cestoda : Taeniidae) on St. Lawrence Island, Alaska.

The helminths of 1,579 arctic foxes from St. Lawrence Island were investigated by standard methods. The foxes, obtained mainly during the winter from fur trappers, harbored 22 species of helminths. Four of those were trematodes, viz., Maritrema afanassjewi Belopol'skaia, 1952, Orthosplanchnus pygmaeus Iurakhno, 1967, Plagiorchis elegans (Rudolphi, 1802) and Alaria marcianae (LaRue, 1917), each of which occurred in a single host. Two species of cestodes, Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Nitzsch, 1824) and Mesocestoides kirbyi Chandler, 1940, were uncommon (in 2.7 and 1.3% of the foxes, respectively). Taenia polyacantha Leuckart, 1856 and Echinococcus multilocularis Leuckart, 1863 were present in about 80% of the foxes, and Taenia crassiceps (Zeder, 1800) in less than 10%. The specimens of Taenia spp. from the autumn-winter sample were usually destrobilate. In about 2% of the foxes, acanthocephalans of six species occurred. Four of those, of the genus Corynosoma Lühe, 1904, were common in marine mammals of the region; a fifth, Corynosoma clavatum Goss, 1940, has been reported previously only from marine birds of the Southern Hemisphere; and the sixth, Polymorphus cf. minutus (Goeze, 1782), has been found widely in waterfowl of the Northern Hemisphere. Of the nematodes, Sobolophyme baturini Petrov, 1930, Cylicospirura felineus (Chandler, 1925), and Physaloptera sp. were rare (with each in only one to three foxes). Trichinella nativa Boev et Britov, 1972 and Crenosoma vulpis (Dujardin, 1844) were uncommon (1.5 and 4%, respectively). The nematodes most often present were Toxascaris leonina (von Linstow, 1902) (89%) and Uncinaria stenocephala (Railliet, 1884) (40%). Several of the rare to uncommon helminths probably were transported to the island by foxes immigrating from the adjacent continents via the pack ice.

Helminth parasites of wild foxes (Vulpes vulpes L.) in The Netherlands.

To study the helminth fauna of wild foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in The Netherlands, material was collected from 139 foxes. The following parasites were found. Cestodes: Taenia spp. 53.3%, Hymenolepis spp. 1.5%; Trematodes: Alaria alata 10.9%, Cryptocotyle lingua 3.6%, Euparyphium melis 1.5%, Apophallus donicus 0.7%; Nematodes: Toxocara canis 73.7%, Uncinaria stenocephala 59.9%, Capillaria aerophila 46.8%, C. plica 23.5%, Molineus patens 5.1%, Crenosoma vulpis 4.5%, Strongyloides spp. 0.7%. The tapeworms Mesocestoides spp. and Echinococcus spp. were not seen. No relationship was observed between worm burden and sex, time of year or place of origin.

Crenosoma spp. (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) from black bears, Ursus americanus, of central Ontario

Crenosoma vulpis (Dujardin 1844) Railliet 1915, Crenosoma petrowi Morozov 1939, and Crenosoma potos Buckley 1930 are redescribed from the lungs of black bear, Ursus americanus, of central Ontario. A telamon is described in each species for the first time. The relationship between C. petrowi and Crenosoma schulzi Gagarin 1958 is discussed.

Parasites of red foxes in New Brunswick and Nova Scotia.

Sixty-one red foxes from New Brunswick and Nova Scotia were examined for helminths. Alaria americana, A. arisaemoides, A. mustelae, Cryptocotyle lingua, Echinostoma revolution and Metorchis conjunctus, Capillaria aerophila, Crenosoma vulpis, Toxocara canis, Uncinaria stenocephala and Taenia crassiceps were found. Approximately 67% of the foxes examined were clinically affected with Sarcoptes scabiei mange.

Treatment of crenosomiasis in dogs

Dogs were infected with the lungworm Crenosoma vulpis. The efficacy of four drugs in the treatment of the disease was examined using a controlled test. Levamisole and diethylcarbamazine proved to be highly effective.

Ultrastructural study of the teguminal sheaths of two metastrongyloid nematodes.

The ultrastructure of the surface layers of two metastrongyloid nematodes, Crenosoma vulpis and Perostrongylus pridhami, is described. The cuticles of both worms consist of the three basic layers of a typical nematode cuticle: an outer cortex, a middle matrix, and an inner basal layer. The "teguminal sheath" described as an outer sheath in certain metastrongyloids appears to correspond to the cortex in both the nematodes studied. The very wide matrix of low-density material separating the outer cortex from the inner basal layer of the cuticle is thought to have led to the concept that the "teguminal sheath" is a loose membranous sheath enveloping the nematode.

The pathogenesis route of migration, and development of Crenosoma vulpis in the dog.

In the dog infective larvae of Crenosoma vulpis migrate from the stomach to the lungs via the hepatic portal vein, hepatic parenchyma, hepatic vein, heart, and pulmonary circulation, arriving in the lungs as early as 6 h after infection. Third-stage larvae induce the formation of necrotic foci throughout the liver during the first 24 h after infection. The discarded cuticles of the third-stage larvae elicit granulomata which become the centre of foci of interstitial pneumonia. Adult C. vulpis cause bronchitis and bronchiolitis.

On a Lungworm, Crenosoma potos n. sp., from the Kinkajou, Potos flavus (Schreber).

The lungworm genus Crenosoma, founded by Molin in 1861, was redescribed in 1928 by Skrjabin and Petrow. To the two existing species, C. striatum (Zeder, 1800) from the hedgehog (Erinaceus europæus L.) and C. vulpis (Dujardin, 1845) from the fox (Vulpes vulpes L.), these writers added a third species, C. taiga, from the lungs of Kolonocus sibiricus (Pall.) in Russia. A generic diagnosis based on a study of these three species was supplied, and the wolf (Canis lupus L.) was recorded as a new host for Crenosoma vulpis.