Credit Recipients Research Articles

Analisis Penerimaan Dana Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) Pada UMKM pada PT. Bank BRI Unit Tapa Kota Gorontalo

This research aims to find out whether there is an impact on providing people's business credit (KUR) to MSMEs at PT. Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Tapa Unit Gorontalo Branch Office. This research uses qualitative methods with the data sources used, namely primary and secondary data. The data collection techniques used were observation, interviews and documentation. The object of this research is an analysis of the provision of people's business credit (KUR) funds to PT. BRI bank unit tapa Gorontalo city. The results of the research show that there is an assessment of the character of prospective customers at Bank BRI Tapa unit which is intended to determine the candidate's honesty and good faith in paying off or returning the loan, so that it will not cause difficulties for the bank in the future. The relationship between credit giver and credit recipient is a mutually beneficial cooperative relationship with the credit giver's trust in the credit recipient based on the credit recipient's credit rating. The procedures for granting and assessing credit by the banking world between the BRI Tapa unit and other banks are not much different. The difference may only lie in the procedures and requirements established with individual considerations. Settlement of bad debts in KUR credit at Bank BRI Unit cannot be resolved non-litigationally because Kur itself is a program from the government to make it easier for people who want to do business.

Financial inclusion of urban agro-processors: effect of credit on poverty status of roasted plantain vendors in Calabar, Nigeria

This study analysed the effect of credit on the poverty status of roasted plantain vendors in Calabar, Nigeria. The study described sources of credit, comparing the poverty status of credit recipients versus non-recipients, and the relationship between credit access and poverty index alongside the relationship between socioeconomic factors and poverty index. Data was collected from 110 randomly sampled roasted plantain vendors with the use of structured questionnaire. Poverty was measured with the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) model class of weighted poverty measures. Descriptive statistics were used to examine poverty status, access to credit and the sociodemographic attributes of the roasted plantain vendors. Next, using descriptive statistics, the poverty status of the vendors who accessed credit was compared to those who did not access credit. Finally, the association between access to credit and poverty index was analyzed with logistic regression model while adjusting for the effects of sociodemographic factors. Descriptive statistics showed that 60% of the vendors were female, the average age was 35 years, and the average household size was four persons. Precisely, 91% of the roasted plantain vendors had completed primary or higher education. Exactly, 64.5% received credit, while 30.79% reported non-institutional lenders as sources of credit. The mean monthly income was N48,036.36 (US$116.89). Poverty incidence was lower among credit recipients (0.268) compared to non-recipients (0.487). Credit access (OR = .083, p<.01) and household (OR=2.496, p<.01) had statistically significant associations with the poverty index. Policies promoting structural transformation are recommended for sustainable financial inclusion. An effective economic growth and development program, for example, will increase productive capacities and reduce capital losses, increase creditworthiness, motivate capital expansion and sustainable growth. Also, it was recommended that cooperative formation among the vendors is required. Membership of such a cooperative will increase credit access through reduced transaction cost, higher group’s creditworthiness/borrowing experience and stronger negotiation capacity. A Nigerian economic transformation program to promote increased productive capacities and reduced capital losses is necessary for any financial inclusion policies to sustainably alleviate poverty among deprived agro-processors such as the roasted plantain vendors. Such programs will include financial literacy including banking and loan repayments, business innovations, and business plan development. Key words: Credit, Financial inclusion, Micro-agro-processors, Plantain roasting, Poverty, Urban agriculture

Financial inclusion of urban agro-processors: effect of credit on poverty status of roasted plantain vendors in Calabar, Nigeria

This study analysed the effect of credit on the poverty status of roasted plantain vendors in Calabar, Nigeria. The study described sources of credit, comparing the poverty status of credit recipients versus non-recipients, and the relationship between credit access and poverty index alongside the relationship between socioeconomic factors and poverty index. Data was collected from 110 randomly sampled roasted plantain vendors with the use of structured questionnaire. Poverty was measured with the Foster, Greer and Thorbecke (FGT) model class of weighted poverty measures. Descriptive statistics were used to examine poverty status, access to credit and the sociodemographic attributes of the roasted plantain vendors. Next, using descriptive statistics, the poverty status of the vendors who accessed credit was compared to those who did not access credit. Finally, the association between access to credit and poverty index was analyzed with logistic regression model while adjusting for the effects of sociodemographic factors. Descriptive statistics showed that 60% of the vendors were female, the average age was 35 years, and the average household size was four persons. Precisely, 91% of the roasted plantain vendors had completed primary or higher education. Exactly, 64.5% received credit, while 30.79% reported non-institutional lenders as sources of credit. The mean monthly income was N48,036.36 (US$116.89). Poverty incidence was lower among credit recipients (0.268) compared to non-recipients (0.487). Credit access (OR = .083, p<.01) and household (OR=2.496, p<.01) had statistically significant associations with the poverty index. Policies promoting structural transformation are recommended for sustainable financial inclusion. An effective economic growth and development program, for example, will increase productive capacities and reduce capital losses, increase creditworthiness, motivate capital expansion and sustainable growth. Also, it was recommended that cooperative formation among the vendors is required. Membership of such a cooperative will increase credit access through reduced transaction cost, higher group’s creditworthiness/borrowing experience and stronger negotiation capacity. A Nigerian economic transformation program to promote increased productive capacities and reduced capital losses is necessary for any financial inclusion policies to sustainably alleviate poverty among deprived agro-processors such as the roasted plantain vendors. Such programs will include financial literacy including banking and loan repayments, business innovations, and business plan development. Key words: Credit, Financial inclusion, Micro-agro-processors, Plantain roasting, Poverty, Urban agriculture

Universal credit receipt among users of secondary mental health services: Findings from a novel data linkage

ObjectivesPeople with mental disorders are likely to be overrepresented among Universal Credit (UC) recipients. Despite this, individual level data is lacking on mental disorder diagnosis by UC status, and the intersectionality of different socio-demographic characteristics. Associations were explored between UC receipt, socio-demographic and diagnostic characteristics among mental health service users.
 MethodsA novel data source consisting of linked electronic mental healthcare records and Department for Work and Pensions administrative benefits records of patients accessing a large mental healthcare service provider in South London was used. Benefits records were restricted to those that covered years 2013-2019. Only working-age patients were included (n=120,000).
 ResultsPreliminary results indicated that of the 120,000 working-age patients with linked data, 38,000 had received UC at some point between 2013-2019. Most UC recipients were allocated to a conditionality regime that required them to look for work, followed by those who did not have to meet any work-related requirements. Adjusted analyses indicated that UC recipients were more likely to be male, younger, lived in more deprived areas, and were from a non-White ethnic background. Interestingly, having a recorded psychiatric diagnosis meant that patients were less likely to have received UC.
 ConclusionPossible explanations for the findings will be discussed. In the longer term, our findings have the potential to impact welfare and public health policies, as well as patient care.

EKSEKUSI PERJANJIAN KREDIT DENGAN JAMINAN FIDUSIA DI ERA PANDEMI (TELAAH KAJIAN MASLAHAH MURSALAH)

The government has a program for small entrepreneurs in terms of activating the provision of credit to weak economic groups for the welfare of people's lives. Credit granting programs with a Fiduciary system can help credit recipients and credit providers. If the guarantee right can be executed quickly with a simple, efficient process and contains legal certainty, this is one of the parameters of a material debt guarantee. This research method uses the Juridical Empirical method, which is an approach taken to analyze the effectiveness of a regulation/legislation or existing law. In this case the approach is used to analyze qualitatively the implementation of fiduciary guarantees in Indonesia. This study uses primary data, namely data obtained directly from the field through an interview process and secondary data, namely examining various legal materials through library research. The analysis used in this research is qualitative analysis which draws conclusions using deductive analysis. Fiduciary Guarantee Law Number 42 of 1999 regulates the execution of Fiduciary Guarantees in Indonesia where there are various variations of the execution, therefore the parties can choose which execution model they want. However, in practice how to carry out the execution of fiduciary guarantees when there are problem loans, many still do not know, especially the implementation in pawnshops, which in fact have just handled the fiduciary system installment credit program. Which model is used by creditors throughout Indonesia. It is hoped that by knowing the system, model or method of executing fiduciary guarantees in this study, people will know more about the ins and outs, their rights and the consequences when taking credit with fiduciary system installments to creditors.

Spending Responses to High-Frequency Shifts in Payment Timing: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit

This study explores the spending response to tax refunds for Earned Income Tax Credit recipients using a novel dataset combining transaction-based measures of retail spending with administrative IRS data on tax refunds. Our dataset allows us to exploit variation in the timing of EITC refunds, including changes related to the 2017 PATH Act, along with cross-state differences in refund magnitudes to identify spending responses. Results show EITC recipients spend about $0.30 per refund dollar ($1,150 for the average refund) within just two weeks of issuance, suggesting stimulus targeted at this population may provide a quick boost to aggregate demand. (JEL D12, E32, G51, H24, I38, K34)

Raising the Pension Age

Raising the Pension Age

Penerapan Metode TOPSIS Dalam Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Kelayakan Penerima Pinjaman Kredit

In determining the eligibility of loan recipients at Finance companies, it is carried out with the approval of the Head Office, then the stage of checking customer data is carried out with the approval of the office manager. Furthermore, in analyzing the decision-making eligibility of customers receiving credit loans, using a manual system that takes a long time, therefore, a decision support system is needed that functions to minimize excess or lack of data. In this study, it will be explained how the process of determining alternative credit recipient customers applies the TOPSIS method. The research results will produce the highest ranking value which will be determined as the highest alternative. The data used in this study are 10 alternative data samples using 5 criteria, so that the results of calculations that have been carried out using 8 alternatives and 5 criteria produce the best alternative, namely alternative A2 above with a value of 0.848 as a recommendation for a customer who will be entitled to receive a loan from finance company.

Financial Inclusion Model for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Recipients of People's Business Credit

Financial Inclusion Model for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Recipients of People's Business Credit

Combining rules and discretion in economic development policy: Evidence on the impacts of the California Competes Tax Credit

We evaluate the effects of one of a new generation of economic development programs, the California Competes Tax Credit (CCTC), on local job creation. Incorporating perceived best practices from previous initiatives, the CCTC combines explicit eligibility thresholds with some discretion on the part of program officials to select tax credit recipients. The structure and implementation of the program facilitates rigorous evaluation. We exploit detailed data on accepted and rejected applicants to the CCTC, including information on the scoring of applicants with regard to program goals as well as on funding decisions, together with restricted-access American Community Survey (ACS) data on local economic conditions. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that each CCTC-incentivized job in a census tract increases the number of individuals working in that tract by close to 3 – a significant local multiplier. Local multipliers are larger for non-manufacturing awards than for manufacturing awards. CCTC awards increase employment among workers across socioeconomic groups and in more- as well as less-advantaged neighborhoods, but have limited impact on residents of affected communities. We validate our empirical strategy and confirm our core results using an alternative dataset and recently developed difference-in-differences methods that correct for potential biases generated by variation in treatment timing and treatment effect heterogeneity.

Penerapan Multi-Objective Optimization by Ratio Analysis (MOORA) Dalam Penyeleksian Kelayakan Nasabah Penerima Kredit

Rural Banks (BPR) play an important role in helping to solve financial problems for the community in providing credit, the bank must conduct careful research and calculations on customers. PT.BPR this bank has a difficult problem determining the amount of credit value desired by a customer. This is because assessing whether or not a customer is eligible to receive a credit score is not easy because it involves many factors that must be considered and analyzed properly. The Decision Support System is applied in this study as a system for selecting the eligibility of credit recipients. In determining the appropriate selection of credit recipients, they must meet criteria such as income, age, occupation, guarantee and number of dependents. Therefore, a Decision Support System (DSS) is needed in solving existing problems by applying the MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimization on the basis of Ratio Analysis) method which can generate preference values ​​from the first ranked alternative. So that the selection of the eligibility of credit recipients lies in alternative N3 on behalf of Nurhayati with a value of 0.22197.

ANALISIS NILAI MARKET JAMINAN PINJAMAN DENGAN METODE MOORA

Credit is the provision of loan money based on an agreement or loan agreement between the creditor and other parties. Credit is made after an agreement is reached between the bank or creditor and the debtor or credit recipient in which there are rights and obligations of each party. Usually banks or financial services are willing to provide loans if the debtor provides his assets as collateral or collateral to ensure the smooth running of his debt. The assessment of the guarantee or collateral must be carried out objectively and apply the precautionary principle. The estimated market value (market value) of the collateral must be based on real market data so as not to harm the creditor. To assist the lender in analyzing the market value of the collateral submitted by the debtor, the author uses the Multi-Objective Optimization On The Basis Of Ratio Analysis (MOORA) method by using several criteria including the status of documents/collateral letters, asset allocation, road conditions, locations and several other factors. From the results of the analysis using the MOORA method on the market value of the collateral submitted by the debtor, there is a difference with the market value circulating in the community. The results of this analysis can also be used as a reference in making a decision whether or not the object of the collateral submitted is appropriate to the amount of the loan being submitted.

Tinjauan Yuridis Terhadap Pemberian Kredit Tanpa Agunan Untuk Modal Usaha Dengan Prudential Principle dan The Five C of Credit Analysis

When extending credit to consumers, banks and financial institutions will always take precautions to protect themselves if the credit recipient (debtor) defaults or is unable to repay the credit. If the credit is followed by the binding of collateral, this prevention occurs. If the debtor defaults, the guarantee will serve as a replacement for credit payments made by banks and other financial institutions. In accordance with Article 2 letter b of Law No. 10 of 1998 pertaining to Banking, a violation of the precautionary principle in the provision of credit by banks carries legal repercussions, including the imposition of criminal punishment or fines. This study employs a qualitative descriptive methodology. According to the findings of this study, the granting of credit by banks needs cautious action on the part of the bank. The risk associated with extending credit is so large that it is necessary to evaluate whether the prospective debtor is deserving of credit. In banking practice, both persons and legal entities can apply for credit. Each candidate must satisfy the bank's predetermined criteria.

Effects of Credit Management Practices on Performance of Women Owned SMEs in Morogoro Municipality, Tanzania

This paper determined the effects of credit management practices on the performance of women owned SMEs in Morogoro Municipality. Data were collected from 120 women which included both credit and non-credit recipients. A purposeful sampling procedure was employed to select the study district and three wards whereby two streets were selected from each ward randomly. The women’s respondents were then selected randomly from each street. Descriptive analysis was used to compute the enterprise performance status of the respondents. The results indicate that 55 percent of the women respondents were credit beneficiaries while 45 percent were not. Among those who received credit, 68 percent used the whole credit to invest in the same business; about 21 percent used 50 percent of the credit received to invest in other businesses besides the core ones and about 50 percent used the credit in non-business purposes. Moreover, about 11 percent of the credit recipients used the whole loan given (100%) in other activities such as family parties and paying school fees. An independent t-test was run to determine whether there is a significance difference in performance among women with and without credits. The performance indicators were all significant in terms of asset value, number of employees, monthly sales, and gross margin at p>0.05. The findings show that credit availability influenced the performance of women owning SMEs. The findings also show further that women who received credit and invest the whole of it in the same business were performing better compared to non-credit recipients. It is therefore concluded that if credit is available and women use the whole of it in investing within the business, their SMEs performance will improve. It is recommended that women owning SME’s should be encouraged to take the available credits which have competitive interest rates and deploy it in their business in order to enhance performance of their enterprises.

Prediction System for Credit Eligibility Using C4.5 Algorithm

Independent Multipurpose Cooperative, Tasti, Pagar Alam City, currently granting credit, the data collection process for the selection of prospective members and prospective credit recipients is still done manually, so they must come to the cooperative to find out whether it is still eligible to receive credit or not, officers must evaluate the data. is to form a decision tree classification model for creditworthiness in cooperatives. The analytical method with the C4.5 Algorithm, the C4.5 Algorithm is one of the algorithms for performing data mining using data classification techniques. The C4.5 algorithm is used to search for knowledge in the data, by finding the relationship between input variables or criteria attributes with target variables or decision attributes. The resulting knowledge is converted into the form of a decision tree so that it is easy to understand. The C4.5 algorithm was chosen because it can make a decision to be able to predict whether a customer is eligible or not to be given credit. The attribute used is income with specified criteria. The results obtained from this study are predictive information on the feasibility of providing credit to cooperatives using the C4.5 algorithm by getting an accuracy value of 93% with an AUC value of 0.898 where this classification is classified as Good Classification or good.

Accounts Receivable and Payable Interrelationships: Evidence from Indian Small Cap Companies

Trade credit is vital for the survival of financial constrained SMEs, especially during the crisis. Companies act as both the proposers and recipients of trade credit. Credit proposed by companies for goods and services is represented by accounts receivable whereas credit is received by accounts payable. The present study focuses on determining the key component between accounts receivable and accounts payable. Further, it is estimating the causal relationship between trade credits offered and availed for the period 2011 to 2020 in Indian BSE small-cap manufacturing companies. The analysis is relevant in determining a company’s trade policy and working capital decisions. The analysis is carried out by panel unit root and co-integration test, followed by panel vector error-correction model and pairwise Granger causality test. Test results of the paper showed that in the short term, there is a one-way interaction from accounts receivable to accounts payable. This indicates that accounts receivable are deriving accounts payable, in terms of amount in the short run. In the long run, (a) in terms of amount, there is a one-way equilibrium connection between accounts receivable and payable & indicates that accounts payable is the dominant component and accounts receivable is the compromising component and (b) in terms of duration, there is two-way equilibrium relationship between accounts receivable days and accounts payable days so the researcher is unable to determine dominant component. The pairwise Granger causality result also confirmed the result of the VECM test.

The Role of MSEs Loan in Achieving Inclusive Development in Bali Province

This study is aimed to look at the effect of credit sourced from the banking sector on the MSE’s income in each Regency/City of the Bali Province. This is important because the inclusive development index in Bali Province tends to increase, but the standard deviation for each Regency/City shows an increase until 2017. This condition indicates that development is still relatively unequal between Regencies/ City. By using the data from the Economic Survey 2016 from BPS and processed using the Propensity Score Matching (PSM) method, the results confirm that credit recipients have significantly higher incomes than those who do not receive. Theoretically, additional capital accumulation will encourage faster economic growth in relatively poor areas compared to richer areas, causing convergence in the two regions. The results of the analysis show that MSE actors in districts with lower growth get higher additional income, thus enabling equitable development in Bali.

Transformation of Heritage into Assets for Income Enhancement: Access to Bank Credit for Vietnamese Community-based Tourism Homestays

The failure to transform heritage into assets is one of the main constraints for community-based tourism development. This article shows how access to bank credit contributes to income enhancement among ethnic minorities involving community-based tourism homestays. A multistage sampling technique and direct interviews using questionnaires were used to collect a rich dataset of a total 262 homestays in Northwestern Vietnam. To deal with model uncertainty, the approach of double-selection lasso logistic regression applied to Propensity Score Matching was used. Results show that credit recipients increased their total income level from US$180.11 to US$228.58 with an average of US$194.63 compared to non-recipients based on four different matching algorithms. The results suggest that the provision of bank credit should be expanded to enhance income for homestays. To facilitate homestay access to bank credit, stronger collaboration between homestays and travel agencies, better access to training and the adoption of a mobile-based banking platform by homestays are all needed. Smartphone-based credit services to homestays have the potential to reduce transaction costs of accessing credit for mountainous regions. Results imply that heritage can serve as productive assets via financial leverage.

IMPACT OF THE LEGAL DEFAULT ON MICRO BUSINESS LOAN RECIPIENTS

. Micro Business Credit (KUM) is a type of soft loan which: is intended for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) with business feasibility but limited capital. It can be seen that if the credit recipient or debtor defaults into the main problem in the Micro Business Loan Agreement. Thus, the banking institution as the party providing the credit will cause an indication of default by the debtor which results in losses for the bank providing the credit. The type of research used in this study from the point of view of its nature is normative research (juridical normative) legal research conducted by examining library materials. Based on research resultsThe provision of Micro, Small and Medium Business Credit cannot be separated from the legal aspect of the assignment/agreement, namely the existence of two parties that bind themselves, namely the bank as the borrower.The rights and obligations of micro business credit recipients, namely micro business credit customers have the right to know the products offered. The debtor's default includes debtors who have wrong achievements, debtors who are slow in the process of completing presentations.

Effect of Increase in Community Resources on Poverty Alleviation through Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR)

The Indonesian government's strategy to overcome poverty is the People's Business Credit (K.U.R.) program. Through qualitative methods, this study examined the empowerment of the poor through K.U.R. at the Branch Office of the Indonesian People's Bank Situbondo East Java. As for the formulation of the problem that will be analyzed, first, How is the People's Business Credit (K.U.R.) program of Bank Rakyat Indonesia Situbondo Branch realizing the empowerment of the poor?; secondly, For Which Bank Rakyat Indonesia Situbondo branch office conducts coaching and assistance to K.U.R. Credit Recipient Customers. This study shows that the People's Business Credit program of Bank Rakyat Indonesia in Situbondo Regency, East Java, can realize the empowerment of the poor. The results showed that the People's Business Credit program of Bank Rakyat Indonesia in Situbondo Regency, East Java, could realize the empowerment of the poor. Therefore, the recommendations offered are the development and assistance of [Bank Rakyat Indonesia (B.R.I.)] Situbondo Regency Government empowers the poor through K.U.R. in situbondo regencies. Furthermore, this paper advises the management of Bank Rakyat Indonesia to improve facility services to realize the empowerment of the poor through K.U.R. And always conduct regular coaching and supervision to customers so that the business is more advanced it can increase human resources