Credit Management Research Articles

차세대 자격증 제도 탐색을 통한 우리나라 고교 학점 운영 및 졸업 제도의 방향성 탐색 연구

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand the characteristics and issues of this system through the case of New Zealand, which introduces and operates NCEA as a next-generation certification system, and to present implications for Korea's high school credit management and graduation system. Methods To confirm the NCEA system's details, the contents and major documents posted on major sites, includ-ing the NZQA, New Zealand's qualification management officer, were checked. At this time, the contents were or-ganized with the purpose of NCEA, key methods, means as the core topics, and additional sub-themes were se-lected according to frequency and weight, and the contents were reorganized accordingly. Results The NCEA system pursued the purpose of establishing a successful vision named graduate profile, prac-ticing equity based on it, and allocating human resources correctly. To pursue this purpose, a flexible learning path for each student was designed, a credit completion and qualification acquisition system centered on ‘ability’ rather than ‘time’ was established, and a ‘evidence presentation/accumulation type’ and ‘future-oriented/open type’ grade recording method were introduced. However, the NCEA still exists in the NCEA, the lack of logic in the form of ROA, and the increase in pressure on literacy and numeracy remain challenges to be solved. Conclusions This study suggested that a new transcript of school records, a system reorganized to acquire com-petency-based credits in time, an evaluation system based on credits as a medium, a link between high school graduation systems and national certification systems, and a preparation for mutual recognition of high school graduation qualifications between countries.

Impact of Financial Management Practices on Performance Measurement of Small and Medium Enterprises in Tamil Nadu

Small and medium enterprise (SME) development is essential for India’s economic expansion. SME is an important participant in the development of accessories that supports major industries. The current study is focused on the variables impacting performance measurement in SMEs, despite the fact that many small and medium businesses are experiencing significant losses and closures as a result of poor performance. The next goal is to determine the connection between small and medium business performance management and financial management practices. This study uses SME performance measurement as a dependent variable. Risk management, working capital management and credit management are three independent factors that can be used to assess SME financial management practices. The questionnaire that was used for each item was based on the earlier research. A five-point Likert scale was used to score each item scale used in this investigation. Working people in a few districts in South Tamil Nadu, India and used online structured questionnaires to gather data. The present sample size of the study is 157. The statistical data analysis has been carried out employing jamovi 1.8. For factor loading, reliability, sample size, model fit, regression analysis for hypothesis testing and structural education modelling were used. Policymakers and SME entrepreneurs who are familiar with performance measurement of many elements can benefit from the study’s findings. The study found a relationship between SMEs’ performance measurement and financial management practices.

Review Paper- A Study of Credit Management Policies and Loan Disbursement Operations of Co-operative Bank

This study is conducted to know Credit Policy and Loan Disbursement Operations of Co- operative Bank. Co-operative bank provides variety of credit facilities as per customer’s needs. This facilitates can be for short term or loan term. The loan growth and performance of bank is required level or not it is also assessed in this study. This study confirms that Co- operative bank should maintain a good relation with its customers to increase the profitability. To increase total number of borrowers the bank should provide all the necessary information to their customers and should provide attractive rate of interest. KEYWORDS Banking guide, Credit Term, Interest, Credit Period, Credit Policy, Collateral, Capacity, Margin, Credit Limit

Rules of the Game and Efficacy of Public Microcredit Schemes: Evidence from Selected Borrowers in Malawi

This paper contributes to the scholarly debates that question the efficacy of microcredit schemes in development programming. Dominant political economy debates posit that microcredit schemes have failed to achieve the envisaged financial inclusion and small-scale enterprise development outcomes because the nature of the intervention itself is an imposition by neoliberal promoters on global south economies. It is also argued that local political elites use microcredit programmes as a tool for advancing patronage. Motivated by this foregoing school of thought, we contend in this paper that informal credit management rules that dominate the administration of these schemes, at the expense of clearly spelt-out formal rules made known in the public domain, also contribute to this mission drift. Thus, our aim was to assess how prevailing microcredit-lending rules contribute to non-achievement of development outcomes. Guided by Douglas North’s conceptualisation of rules of the game as our analytical framework, we employed Q methodology to generate key themes that emerged from primary qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with purposively recruited microcredit clients of the National Economic Empowerment Fund, a public microcredit scheme in Malawi. Findings revealed that microcredit schemes were dominated by informal rules regarding turnaround time, credit appraisal processes, political interference, and misplaced borrower perceptions about the objectives of microcredit schemes. These rules were misaligned to what was promised to potential microcredit borrowers as reflected in the public microcredit’s credit management procedures. We concluded that unless the apparent pervasion of these substitutive informal rules that distort outcomes is curtailed, public microcredit schemes risk becoming an irrelevant strategy for driving small-scale enterprise development agenda in countries like Malawi.

Study on Supply Shain Financing Scheme of A Vietnamese Coffee Company in China

This paper takes G7 Coffee, a Vietnamese coffee company, as an example to design a supply chain financing scheme suitable for the company. First of all, on the basis of explaining the concept of supply chain, supply chain financing and other related concepts, supply chain management theory, supply chain financing model, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and other theoretical foundations, based on the financing situation of a Vietnamese coffee company G7 coffee in China, combined with the financing problems of the company and the company's capital needs, The feasibility of supply chain financing of G7 Coffee in China for a Vietnamese coffee company is proposed. Secondly, this paper introduces the evaluation method of supply chain financing scheme of G7 Coffee in China of a Vietnamese coffee company. Finally, on the basis of clear objectives and principles of financing scheme design, an evaluation system of supply chain financing mode of a Vietnamese coffee company based on AHP is constructed. The applicability of accounts receivable supply chain financing, inventory supply chain financing and prepayment supply chain financing adopted by the company is further analyzed by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results show that The accounts receivable financing model is the best financing model for the supply chain financing of G7 Coffee in China of a Vietnamese coffee company. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of the supply chain financing plan of a Vietnamese coffee company G7 Coffee in China, this paper proposes to strengthen the guarantee from three aspects: financial system, credit management and risk control.

The Mediating Effects of Financial Service Usage on the Relationship between Financial Literacy and Retirement Preparedness in the Cameroon Informal Sector

The last decade has witnessed significant research interest in the area of financial literacy with specific attention on poverty. However, based on evidence of over 80 papers published since 2014 by the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, it was revealed that there is no significant comprehensive explanation of how the usage of financial services improves people’s financial satisfaction at retirement. To this effect, this study sought to examine the extent to which the usage of both formal and informal financial services affects the retirement preparedness of people engaged in the informal sector of Cameroon. In light of this, the study aimed at justifying the continuous utilization of informal financial services at the expense of formal financial services even when financial service users have access to formal financial services. The study examined individual levels of investment literacy, cash-flow management literacy, credit management literacy, and the usage of formal and informal financial services. The study used the geographical clusters to proportionately select 400 economically active users of financial services from the seven sub-divisions of Yaoundé. Survey data were quantitatively analyzed to test the statistical relationships using the Covariance-Based Structural Equation Model [CB-SEM] with the aid of SPSS and AMOS 24 statistical packages. Findings indicated that the usage of formal financial services and informal financial services hace positive significant statistical effects on retirement preparedness. Also, the study finds that the usage of formal financial services and informal financial services has positive significant mediating effects on financial literacy and retirement preparedness. The study thus proposes the implementation of a dualistiec financial inclusion model that recognizes that both the formal and informal financial services are beneficial in the improvement of individual’s retirement preparedness in the informal sector of Cameroon and as well as in the context of developing countries.

Decoding CIBIL: Understanding the Structure and Strategies for Improvement

This research paper delves into the intricate dynamics of credit scoring systems, particularly focusing on understanding the structure of CIBIL scores and delineating strategies for improving creditworthiness. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks from financial economics and regulatory economics, the study elucidates key factors influencing credit scores, including payment history, credit utilization, credit type, and duration. Through a mixed-methods approach encompassing secondary data analysis from the official websites of TransUnion CIBIL India and Bajaj Finance Limited, as well as qualitative exploration through thematic analysis, the research uncovers actionable insights for individuals seeking to enhance their credit profiles.By bridging theoretical insights with empirical findings, this study contributes to the literature on credit management and equips individuals with knowledge essential for navigating the complexities of credit assessment and improving financial resilience

Working Capital Management and Financial Performance of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) and SACCOS in Kenya

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a critical role in driving economic growth, creating employment opportunities and promoting local revenue generation in Kenya. However, they face various challenges such as limited financial resources, inadequate infrastructure and volatile market conditions. Effective working capital management (WCM) is essential for SMEs to overcome these obstacles and achieve sustainable success. The aim of this research is to examine the impact of WCM on the financial performance of SMEs in Kenya. This paper uses literature review methodology to draw conclusions. The literature review provides insights from various studies that highlight the importance of credit management and internal factors that influence organizational performance. An efficient WCM is crucial for ensuring the financial stability of companies, especially SMEs. Poor WCM can lead to financial challenges and possible bankruptcy, while effective management can significantly increase financial efficiency. WCM involves monitoring a company's current assets and liabilities to ensure timely commitments while minimizing associated costs. This research contributes to understanding the importance of WCM for SMEs in Kenya and provides stakeholders with practical insights to improve financial performance through effective WCM strategies tailored to the Kenyan context.

TRADE CREDIT POLICY AND THE FINANCIAL SITUATION OF DAIRY COOPERATIVES

Aim: The aim of the study is to examine the financial health of dairy cooperatives in relation to their credit position and trade credit strategy. Methods: Using the author’s synthetic indicator, the position and strategy for granting trade credit were determined, and the levels of profitability, liquidity, debt, and management efficiency were assessed in separate groups of entities: conservative, moderate, and aggressive recipients, versus conservative, moderate, and aggressive providers. The research carried out in the field of trade credit management at dairy cooperatives allowed us to establish that the financial position of the analyzed entities varied depending on their credit position and trade credit strategy. Results: The highest level of ROE was found in the group of entities categorized as conservative recipients, where this indicator was 11.1%. Simi­larly, the group of moderate providers also had a high level of 7.1%. On the other hand, the lowest level was found in the return on sales indicator, which was 0.3% and 0.4% in the moderate recipient and aggressive provider groups, respectively. Additionally, cooperatives following a conservative trade credit strategy had a higher level of return on sales compared to the cooperatives classified in the aggressive provider group. Conclusions: The profitability of assets, funds, and sales, as well as the level of liquidity, varied among the distinguished group of cooperatives based on their position and commercial credit strategy. However, there was no variation observed in terms of the level of indebtedness.

Impact of Financial Liberalisation and Deregulation on Banking Sector in Pakistan

The paper analyses the market perception about the performance of Pakistani commercial banks in the wake of financial liberalisation and deregulation measures taken by the central bank over the last two decades. For this purpose, it uses the Survey approach. Out of 35 commercial banks, 15 banks have been chosen for analysis purposes. The paper mainly finds that key banking reforms have helped in removing the flaws in the banking sector of Pakistan. In particular, privatisation of banks, the deregulation and institutional strengthening measures, switching towards market-based monetary and credit management systems were instrumental in streamling banking operations. Similarly, the removal of restrictions on entry of private banks and operational restrictions on foreign banks also significantly contributed to the provision of quality banking services. The resultant competitive environment is the key factor behind improved efficiency of banks in Pakistan. The banks devised a number of strategies to respond to the competitive market conditions in the country. However, they faced various constraints in this regard, especially lack of managerial skills, and in hiring IT professionals, etc. As a part of future strategy, banks are likely to form more strategic alliances with foreign banks and undertake the expansion of business through widening of branch network. Despite a number of successful stories on different fronts, the central bank could not succeed in narrowing down the banking spread which is one of the key measures of banking performance. High domestic inflation, large non performing loans (NPLs) of banks, high administrative expenses, larger intermediation costs, and poor debt recovery are identified as important factors behind widening of banking spread. 1. INTRODUCTION The banking sector of an economy generally performs three primary functions: the facilitation of payment system, mobilisation of savings, and allocation of funds to stakeholders like government, investors, consumers, and business community who can utilise them for generation of economic activities.1 By virtue of its pivotal role, the banking sector can exert its positive influence on various segments of an economy. This gives it a privileged position among other sectors. In view of its significant role, economic managers always endeavour to devise such policies which could help provide the sector a level-playing field, thereby enabling it to operate on sound, efficient, and competitive footings. As in other emerging market economies, banks have been playing an important role in Pakistan also. However, the financial landscape of the country changed significantly in the 1970s with the nationalisation of Pakistani commercial banks. The Government also took various regressive steps, which included, among others, the initiation of subsidised bank credit schemes, the introduction of a complex system of credit ceilings, and imposition of controls on interest rates.3 These policy measures severely affected the efficiency of the banks. By the end of the 1980s, it was felt that Pakistan’s banking sector was not able to meet adequately the financial needs of the country

A STUDY ON MARUTI SUZUKI COMPANY FINANCIAL REVIEW

Every business organization, whether manufacturing oriented or service oriented, needs finance, i.e., money for carrying on its activities. Though business organization gets sufficient money for carrying its activities, success of the business depends on how well the organization manages them. That is, its depends on how well a business organization funds its capital and how efficiently it operates out of the invested capital to generate profit. While the success of the of a business also a subjective measure how well a firm can finance its assets and make use of the assetsto generate revenues, the business can be stable and healthy if it is financial performance consistently yields profit. These measures often determine whether or notthat level of performance is considered adequate. Further, a business organization is considered to be inefficient, if the performance level is often found to be low, even if itis making profit. Financial management is that part of management which deals with raising of funds in the most economical and suitable manner, using the funds as profitability as possible, planning future operations, inspections, controlling current performance and future development through financial accounting and other means. No business can plan its activities without considering its financial resources The business functions ofa finance department typically include planning, organizing, accounting andcontrolling the company’s finance and to ensure intensive and economic use of capitalresources of the organization. Since business firms are profit seeking organizations, their functions are to maximize the company’s wealth. Asset management, costing, budgeting, credit management, debit management are the other functions of the finance department. Finance in essence is considered with the acquisition and use of funds by a business firm. The main objective of financial management is to control required funds for meeting short term and long-term needs of business enterprise and to maximize the value of firm to its equity share holders.To have a clear understanding of the profitability and financial position ofbusiness, the financial statements have to be analyzed and interpreted. Financial Title: Suzuki cars

Two-Stage Credit Management for Peer-to-Peer Electricity Trading in Consortium Blockchain

Two-Stage Credit Management for Peer-to-Peer Electricity Trading in Consortium Blockchain

WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF DAIRY PROCESSING FIRMS IN KENYA

The significance of the dairy sector in Kenya’s economy cannot be over emphasized. This is because the sector contributes 4% of the national gross domestic product and 19% of the agricultural gross domestic product for an economy that heavily relies on agriculture. Working capital plays a critical role in the success of commercial entities. This study sought to determine the effect of working capital management practices on the financial performance of dairy processing firms in Kenya. The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of working capital management practices on financial performance of dairy firms in Kenya. The specific objectives of the study were to establish the effect of inventory management practices, debtor’s management practices, creditors’ management practices and cash management practices on financial performance of dairy firms in Kenya. The theories that guided the study are; Keynesian liquidity preference theory, Cash Conversion Cycle theory, Stewardship theory, Risk return trade-off theory and Transaction Cost Economics Theory. The study population comprised the 221 dairy processing firms classified as major and mini processors by the Kenya Dairy Board. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select a sample size of 69 firms for the study. Self-administered structured questionnaire was used for data collection. A pilot study was conducted to test for the validity and reliability of data measuring instruments. Descriptive statistics namely mean, variance and standard deviation, and inferential statistics namely, correlation, simple and multiple regression was used for data analysis. The results of the analysis were presented using tables. The diagnostic tests to be performed in the study included Normality, Linearity and Multi - collinearity. A statistical package for social sciences software was used to aid the data analysis. Results indicated that inventory management was a key predictor of financial performance. Results indicated that debtor’s management practices were a key predictor of financial performance. Correlation outcomes of the results showed that credit management, and cash management had a positive and statistically significant relationship with the financial performance of dairy firms in Kenya. The regression results showed that cash management and creditors management have a direct positive effect on the financial performance of dairy firms in Kenya. The study recommended that Dairy Firms directors should develop a policy on credit collection detailing the policies and practices to be followed by the Dairy Firms. To enhance their accounts receivables and remove bad debts while boosting sales and inventory turnover, farm owners should rigorously follow up on debts, assess consumers before providing debts, give incentives for early debt payments, and build a solid debt management strategy. Dairy Firms may generally keep the standard payment interval longer than the average collection period to limit receivables payments for short-term needs, lowering finance expenses.

Effectiveness of FPOs: Credit Performance Evaluation of Farmer Producer Companies in Tamil Nadu

Farmer producer organisations (FPOs) in India were introduced as farmer’s cooperative society with the prime objective of enhancing the profitability and productivity of small and marginal farmers by cooperative action. The most crucial element which determines the establishment and success of the farmer producer companies (FPCs) is financial support. Thus, the government is providing direct funding in the form of various grants such as start-up grants, equity grants, mezzanine capital assistance, seed/pulse processing unit and so on. Despite getting huge credit support from the government in the form of various incentives, many companies are struggling and failing to sustain themselves in the long run. The present study evaluated the credit performance of FPCs in Tamil Nadu based on four financial ratio indicators named growth ability, profitability, debt ability/solvency and indicators of per share. The study result indicates that most of the companies fall under the average to low average performance category which highlights the inefficiency in the financial management of study FPCs. Comparatively FPCs’ credit performance was found to be increasing. The results of the analysis shed light on the importance of credit management which is possible through capacity-building training and regular monitoring and guidance for the FPCs in credit handling.

Commercial Bank Loan Risk and Prevention

Under the environment of China's market economy, the healthy and stable development of commercial banks is an important guarantee for the healthy operation of the social and economic system. As an important part of the financial management system, credit management of commercial banks is not only related to the sound development of commercial banks, but also has a direct impact on the stability of the whole society. At the same time, risk factors in financial activities are always following, and if there is no reasonable avoidance and prevention of financial risks, it will affect and threaten the survival of financial institutions. In such a situation, commercial banks should attach great importance to the prevention and control of loan risks, establish reasonable control strategies based on the actual situation, optimize the risk management system, continuously improve the level of risk management and control, ensure that the healthy operation of the financial system has good depth and breadth, and lay a solid foundation for the sustainable development of commercial banks. This paper discusses the risk and prevention of commercial bank loans from the aspects of the concept and characteristics of commercial bank loan risk, the current problems in the risk management and control of commercial bank loans, and the countermeasures to the risk management and control of commercial bank loans, so as to provide reference for promoting the healthy development of the financial industry and standardizing the management of financial enterprises.

Credit and Debt Repayment “Need to Knows” for Military Families

This publication is the third in the series on military family readiness. The publication discusses general information about credit and debt repayment, general information about credit reports and scores, military-specific credit-related challenges, military-specific credit-related laws and support services, five credit management tips for military families, and credit education resources. Written by Barbara O’Neill, Martie Gillen, and Kristen Jowers, and published by the UF/IFAS Department of Family, Youth and Community Sciences, January 2024.

Strategies for Handling Problem Loans at KSP CU Dharma Bakti Yogyakarta

KSP CU Dharma Bakti as a saving and loans cooperative has a crucial role in supporting the community’s economy through providing financial services. The main challenge faced by KSP CU Dharma Bakti is effective credit management to prevent and handle problem loans. The objective of this community service to formulate the strategy for handling problem loans at this cooperative. The result of this program shows that the causes of bad credit at KSP CU Dharma Bakti are internal and external factors, such as lack of selectivity on granting credit and weak credit monitoring systems. The strategies to overcome the loan problem are rescheduling, restructuring, and forfeiture of collateral.

Relationship Between Credit Management and Financial Performance of Listed Banks in Oman.

Throughout the past few years, credit management and bank financial performance have become hot topics among accounting researchers. Studies from industrialized nations have contributed to the growing body of literature on these topics, though this may not be entirely accurate in the case of emerging economies. Thus, the study looked at how the Sultanate of Oman’s chosen listed banks’ credit management and financial performance related to each other. Data from selected listed banks in the Sultanate of Oman’s annual reports and websites were generated. According to the study’s findings, bank profitability declined between 2018 and 2022 because of declining interest margins and a poor correlation between credit management and financial performance in banks with Omani listings. The analysis also found that, because of the company’s inability to repay loans, earnings declined between 2018 and 2022, resulting in a slight increase in total assets. As a result, the study concludes that the financial pattern across the banks in the bank sample seems to be inconsistent. Also, the data was analysed with help of statical tools like Excel, Dot CSV and smart PLS 3.0. Correlations and regression analysis was to establish relationship between independent and dependent variable. There has been significant relationship between Return on Asset and Credit management

Distributed trading scheme for vehicular grid interaction supporting transaction anonymity and credit management

To address the significant challenge of supply-demand balance in the power system and better coordinate the energy and information interaction between electric vehicles and smart grids, vehicular grid interaction has been extensively studied. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of decentralization, openness, and non-tamperability, which is naturally suitable for distributed transactions with virtual power plants. However, the current distributed energy transactions of virtual power plants face challenges in credit management and privacy protection, which are not conducive to the stability of the trading market. To address the above issues, this paper proposes a blockchain-based distributed energy trading scheme for virtual power plants, which realizes distributed trading while protecting the user’s identity information and providing credit management for the user’s performance behaviour. Finally, the performance evaluation and security analysis of the scheme based on security and privacy requirements show that the scheme is both secure and practical.

Credit Management Implementation and Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Calamba City

Microfinance institutions are vital to inclusive growth and development in the Philippines by providing tailored financial services to marginalized groups. Implementing credit management is crucial for their success since it can facilitate good financial performance while promoting financial inclusion, alleviating poverty, and driving rural development. The main objective of this study was to describe and determine the relationship between credit management implementation and the financial performance of microfinance institutions in Calamba City. This study used descriptive correlational design to describe the credit management implementation and financial performance levels of microfinance institutions in Calamba City and determine if there is any significant relationship between these two variables. With the aid of the G-power, the study was able to get 200 respondents based on a 0.2278 effect size and 95% degrees of confidence. The sample size was composed of management and clients of microfinance institutions and was selected using a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected through validated researcher-made questionnaires distributed personally to the respondents. The data gathered were treated using four-point Likert scales, mean, Independent T-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The study’s findings revealed that the microfinance institutions in Calamba City have fully implemented their credit management and exhibited very high financial performance. There was a significant relationship between the two variables. The r values ranging from .509 to .685 were interpreted as having a moderate positive correlation to credit management implementation and financial performance. As an output of the study, an action plan was proposed, a series of strategic activities intended to enhance the financial performance of microfinance institutions through credit management implementation.