Creation Rate Research Articles

Heat conduction in general relativity

We study the problem of heat conduction in general relativity by using Carter’s variational formulation. We write the creation rates of the entropy and the particle as combinations of the vorticities of temperature and chemical potential. We pay attention to the fact that there are two additional degrees of freedom in choosing the relativistic analog of Cattaneo equation for the parts binormal to the caloric and the number flows. Including the contributions from the binormal parts, we find a new heat-flow equations and discover their dynamical role in thermodynamic systems. The benefit of introducing the binormal parts is that it allows room for a physical ansatz for describing the whole evolution of the thermodynamic system. Taking advantage of this platform, we propose a proper ansatz that deals with the binormal contributions starting from the physical properties of thermal equilibrium systems. We also consider the stability of a thermodynamic system in a flat background. We find that new ‘Klein’ modes exist in addition to the known ones. We also find that the stability requirement is less stringent than those in the literature.

Local context and post‐crisis social venture creation

AbstractResearch summaryWe investigate the effects of local market and government failure on the creation of social ventures in the context of post‐crisis recovery during the period following the dot‐com crisis and ending before the housing bubble burst across all Ohio counties. Drawing on social embeddedness theory, we posit that social venture creation rates vary across local contexts and are higher in communities characterized by market and government failures. Longitudinal contextual data from 88 Ohio counties indicates that situations characterized by failures of both types are especially conducive to the creation of local social enterprises. We address the shortage of longitudinal quantitative studies focused on the emergence of social entrepreneurship and identify conditions where the relationship between local context and social venture creation is important.Managerial summaryThe purpose of this article is to examine how local context affects the rate of social venture creation in the United States. We study these rates in every county in Ohio in the aftermath of a crisis and find that local government responses and local market conditions singly and in combination lead to increased rates of local social venture creation. Fewer social ventures emerge when transfer (welfare) payments are high. However, rates rise in response to high unemployment, even when welfare payments are high, and are greater when welfare payments are low. This means the extent and type of local market and government failures influence the rate of local social venture creation. Findings advance the study of domestic social entrepreneurship in the aftermath of crises.

Totally X-ray-Free Ultrasound-Guided Mini-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in Galdakao-Modified Supine Valdivia Position: A Novel Combined Surgery.

We introduced a novel surgery that combines ultrasound guidance, miniaturization and Galdakao-modified supine Valdivia (GMSV) position in percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and evaluated the safety and efficacy. This retrospective, single-center study retrospectively reviewed 150 patients who underwent ultrasound-guided mini-PCNL in the GMSV position from November 2019 to March 2022. All perioperative parameters were collected. Stone-free status was defined as no residual stones or clinically insignificant residual fragments (CIRF) <0.4 cm on postoperative day one. Among the 150 patients, the mean age was 56.96 years. The mean stone size was 3.19 cm (427 mm2). The mean S.T.O.N.E. score was 7.61, including 36 patients (24%) with scores ≥9. The mean operative time was 66.22 min, and the success rate of renal access creation in the first attempt was 88.7%. One hundred and forty (93.3%) patients were stone free. The mean decrease in Hemoglobin was 1.04 g/dL, and no patient needed a blood transfusion. Complications included transient hematuria (n = 13, 8.7%), bladder blood clot retention (n = 2, 1.3%), fever (n = 15, 10%) and sepsis (n = 2, 1.3%). Totally X-ray-free ultrasound-guided mini-PCNL in the GMSV position is feasible, safe and effective for patients with upper urinary tract stones, indicating the synergistic and complementary effects of the three novel techniques.

Evaluation of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Surgical Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

BackgroundDisparities in managing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are multifactorial and occur at all stages of treatment, including surgical management. We aim to evaluate postoperative morbidity after abdominopelvic surgery among different racial/ethnic groups after surgical management of CD and UC and account for preoperative characteristics that may impact outcomes. MethodsPatients were identified using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) file and merged with the targeted proctectomy (2016–2019) and colectomy file (2012–2019). All patients undergoing elective surgical management for ICD9/10 codes for CD and UC were included. The primary outcome was composite postoperative morbidity (CPM), a metric that identifies postoperative morbidity with available variables. Multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed to test the association between race/ethnicity and other risk factors with CPM. Postoperative outcomes were evaluated using propensity score modeling with 1:1 matching without replacement as a secondary analysis. ResultsIn both CD and UC, CPM was highest for Black patients with 27.5% (326) and 26.1% (81), respectively. Followed by Hispanic patients with a CPM of 21.1% (73) after surgery for CD (p < 0.001) and 21.2% (31) for Asian patients after resection for UC (p = 0.005). After regression modeling, we found increased odds of CPM for Black patients after surgery for UC (OR 1.48, p = 0.013) and CD (OR 1.17, p < 0.001). Following propensity score matching (PSM), stoma creation rates were higher in Asian (10.4%, p = 0.010) and Hispanic patients (11.9%, p = 0.030) undergoing surgery for CD. ConclusionsBlack patients are at increased risk of morbidity after surgery for both UC and CD. Increased morbidity in an already vulnerable population warrants targeted interventions, specifically focusing on faster access to specialized care, preoperative optimization, and culturally competent discussions on the benefits of MIS approaches are warranted in order to improve postoperative outcomes.

Creation field cosmological models for dust distribution and time-dependent cosmological term (Λ) in Bianchi type II space-time

In this paper, we present solution of Einstein field equations which admit dust distribution and negative energy massless scalar field as a source with cosmological term ([Formula: see text]) in the frame work of Bianchi type II space-time. The models satisfy conservation equation and creation field increases with time satisfying the result as investigated by Hoyle and Narlikar [A new theory of gravitation, Proc. Roy. Soc. A 282 (1964) 191]. The deceleration parameter ([Formula: see text]) for the model (22) shows a transition from decelerating to accelerating regime with creation. A comparison with other cosmological models shows a transition from decelerating to accelerating regime with and without creation is mentioned. The present model is free from singularity, particle horizon and provides a natural explanation for inflationary scenario and isotropization. These features make the creation field cosmological models theoretically superior to the Big Bang models. Creation field and Einstein field equation are derived using principle of least action and the Lagrangian formulation of variable cosmological term is derived as mentioned by Moffat [Lagrangian formulation of a solution to the cosmological constant problem (1996), arXiv:astro-ph/9608202v1]. The current creation rate with other physical consequences is also discussed. For illustrative purposes, evolutionary behaviors of some cosmological parameters are shown graphically. In the figures, the cosmic time [Formula: see text] is given in gravitational units assuming the velocity of light [Formula: see text]. This [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. Therefore, by multiplying cosmic time [Formula: see text] by (light years)−1, we obtain the coordinate time in years.

Distance education in the conditions of martial law in institutions of higher education: development and practice

The aim of the article is to establish the peculiarities of existing obstacles and promising directions of online education system d evelopment in the context of military conflicts of the present. The research is based on the results of the study of scientific literature in the field of online education during war and the study of practical aspects of this issue. The analytical and bibliographic method was used to conduct the study by studying the scientific literature on the issues of online education in higher education during martial law. An online questionnaire survey of the heads of departments of higher education institutions working with students during military conflicts in the territory of the HEIs was also used. As the heads of departments of higher education noted in their responses, the main obstacles to the development of online education are the lack of development and implementation of educational online platforms, the low rate and quality of creation or adaptation of information technology and e-learning tools. The participants of the survey identified promising areas of development of online learning in higher education during military operations: updating of software and hardware, providing higher education institutions with quality Internet access and distance learning, taking into account current trends in information and educational technologies.

Yield Prediction and Reaping Recommendation System Using Machine Learning

Abstract: Agriculture is the field that assumes a significant part in working on our nation'seconomy. Horticulture is the one that brought forth human advancement. India is an agrarian nation and its economy is generally founded on crop efficiency. Henceforth we can say that farming can be the spine of all business in our country. This undertaking will assist the ranchers with knowing the yield of their harvestbefore developing onto the horticultural field and subsequently assist them with settlingon the fitting choices. It endeavors to address the issue by building a model of an intuitive expectation framework. Execution of such a framework with a simple to- utilize online realistic UI and the AI calculation will be completed. The consequences of the expectation will be made accessible to the rancher. The choice of yields will rely on the various boundaries, for example, market cost, creation rate, and the different government strategies. Furthermore, the harvests can be cultivated in like manner utilizing state of the soil, climate projections, and the examination of water expected to develop the specific yields lossless. The irregular woodland calculation is utilized. By investigating this large number of issues and issueslike climate, temperature, mugginess, precipitation, dampness, there could be noappropriate arrangement and innovations to defeat what is going on looked by us. Stepby step the number of inhabitants in India is developing and the usefulness of the yieldshould be expanded to take care of the populace. The application expects to foresee crop yield so it could assist ranchers with picking the best seeds for plantation. Randombackwoods is the most well known and strong directed AI calculation equipped for performing both order and relapse assignments, that work by building a huge number of choice trees during preparing time and producing a result of the class that is the method of the classes (arrangement) or mean forecast (relapse) of the singular trees. The idea of this paper is to carry out the harvest yielding technique with the goalthat this strategy helps in tackling numerous agribusiness and ranchers issues. This works on our Indian economy by expanding the yield pace of harvest creation.

Gravitationally induced particle production in scalar-tensor f(R,T) gravity

We explore the possibility of gravitationally generated particle production in the scalar-tensor representation of $f(R,T)$ gravity. Due to the explicit nonminimal curvature-matter coupling in the theory, the divergence of the matter energy-momentum tensor does not vanish. We explore the physical and cosmological implications of this property by using the formalism of irreversible thermodynamics of open systems in the presence of matter creation/annihilation. The particle creation rates, pressure, temperature evolution, and the expression of the comoving entropy are obtained in a covariant formulation and discussed in detail. Applied together with the gravitational field equations, the thermodynamics of open systems lead to a generalization of the standard $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ cosmological paradigm, in which the particle creation rates and pressures are effectively considered as components of the cosmological fluid energy-momentum tensor. We also consider specific models, and compare the scalar-tensor $f(R,T)$ cosmology with the $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}\mathrm{CDM}$ scenario and the observational data for the Hubble function. The properties of the particle creation rates, of the creation pressures, and entropy generation through gravitational matter production are further investigated in both the low and high redshift limits.

Residents’ Perceptions of Tourism: A Decisive Variable in Stimulating Entrepreneurial Intentions and Activities in Tourism in the Mountainous Rural Area of the North-East Region of Romania

Interest in the study of rural tourism and its contribution to the development of rural mountain communities has increased in recent decades. It is recognized that many factors are involved in tourism development, and that residents play a key role in ensuring its success at a local level. This study aims to investigate the perceptions of the inhabitants of the mountainous rural area in the North-East Region of Romania (MRA) towards rural tourism, and to verify whether the development of entrepreneurship in this area is consistent with the positive/negative perceptions identified. A total of 1277 questionnaires were collected from the inhabitants of 78 sampled municipalities, and their processing using statistical methods shows that the inhabitants of two counties have positive perceptions of the living conditions in their communities, the involvement of the authorities in the development of tourism, and the exploitation of tourist attractions. On the other hand, comparing the values of entrepreneurship development indicators shows that two counties concentrate 91% of all active businesses and 94% of newly created businesses in the food and accommodation sector at the level of the study area, and the rate of creation of new businesses and their density have much higher values in these counties than in the county where the analyzed aspects are perceived negatively. The information provided by the research is particularly useful for regional and local authorities to make decisions related to more consistent funding of rural mountain tourism.

Role of Confined Optical Phonons in Exciton Generation in Spherical Quantum Dot.

Optical control of excitonic states in semiconducting quantum dots has enabled it to be deployed as a qubit for quantum information processing. For self-assembled quantum dots, these excitonic states couple with phonons in the barrier material, for which the previous studies have shown that such exciton—phonon coupling can also lead to the generation of exciton, paving the way for their deployment in qubit-state preparation. Previous studies on self-assembled quantum dots comprising polar materials have considered exciton—phonon coupling by treating phonon modes as bulk acoustic modes only, owing to nearly the same acoustic property of the dot and barrier material. However, the dimensional confinement leads to significant modification phonon modes, even though acoustic confinement is weak but optical confinement cannot be overlooked. In this paper, we investigate for the first time the exciton—optical phonon coupling using dielectric continuum model duly accounting for the dimensional confinement leading to exciton generation. We report that at low temperatures (below 10 K), the exciton creation rate attributed to confined optical phonon is approximately 5.7 times (~6) slower than bulk acoustic phonons, which cannot be ignored, and it should be accounted for in determining the effective phonon assisted exciton creation rate.

Evolution of holographic dark energy model with adiabatic matter creation

We study the holographic dark energy (HDE) with adiabatic matter creation process to explain the present-day accelerated expansion of the Universe. The field equations are discussed and solved analytically for various cosmological parameters such as the Hubble parameter, deceleration parameter and effective equation of state parameter in terms of redshift by considering a more general form of the matter creation rate. The viability of such model is checked using the recent data of Type Ia supernovae Pantheon sample, Hubble function [Formula: see text] data, joined data of baryon acoustic oscillations/cosmic microwave background and latest local [Formula: see text] by SH0ES. We achieve the most fitting values of model parameters by performing the statistical analysis of our model with the three different combination of data sets. The HDE model, with IR cutoff as Hubble horizon, in the absence of matter creation does not show phase transition. While the induction of matter creation to the same model shows the recent transition from a decelerating to an accelerated phase. Our outcomes show that the model with matter creation is compatible with the data sets used. We find that the HDE model with matter creation provides the Hubble function which matches sufficiently well with the observed Hubble data. Finally, we perform geometrical and cosmographic analyses to explicate our model and compare it with the other dark energy models like [Formula: see text]CDM model. It is found that the evolution of model starts from Chaplygin gas region in early times, enters into quintessence region in medieval time and finally approaches to [Formula: see text]CDM model.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Entrepreneurship: Evidence from the Kauffman Microdata

The widespread of the coronavirus has caused unprecedented contractions in small and entrepreneurial firms. With the overall rate of rebound of entrepreneurial ventures with the CARES act, little evidence has emerged about the effects of the pandemic on the new business formation. From the analysis based on Current Population Survey data, we do not find whether the new entrepreneurship rate increased. However, we find that the rate of new business creation by the unemployed, particularly African American, increased, but the rate of new business creation by the employed decreased since the COVID-19 pandemic. Importantly, these findings are particularly dominant in states that are severely affected by COVID-19. Thus, we reveal that the impacts on entrepreneurship during the pandemic vary across employment status and races.

A Robust Test of the Existence of Primordial Black Holes in Galactic Dark Matter Halos

If very low mass primordial black holes (PBH) within the asteroid/moon-mass range indeed reside in galactic dark matter halos, they must necessarily collide with galactic neutron stars (NSs). These collisions must, again necessarily, form light black holes (LBHs) with masses of typical NSs, M LBH ≈ 1–2 M ⊙. LBHs may be behind events already detected by ground-based gravitational-wave detectors (GW170817, GW190425, and others such as a mixed stellar black hole–NS-mass event GW191219_163120), and most recently by microlensing (OGLE-BLG-2011-0462). Although the status of these observations as containing LBHs is not confirmed, there is no question that gravitational-wave detectors and microlensing are in principle and in practice capable of detecting LBHs. We have calculated the creation rate of LBHs resulting from these light primordial black hole (PBH) collisions with NSs. On this basis, we claim that if improved gravitational-wave detectors and microlensing statistics of the LBH events would indicate that the number of LBHs is significantly lower that what follows from the calculated creation rate, then this would be an unambiguous proof that there is no significant light PBH contribution to the galactic dark matter halos. Otherwise, if observed and calculated numbers of LBHs roughly agree, then the hypothesis of primordial black hole existence gets strong observational support, and in addition their collisions with NSs may be considered a natural creation channel for the LBHs, solving the problem of their origin, as it is known that they cannot be a product of standard stellar evolution.

Construction of Music Intelligent Creation Model Based on Convolutional Neural Network.

The application of machine learning technology to intelligent music creation has become a very important field in music creation. The main current research on music intelligent creation methods uses fixed coding steps in audio data, which lead to weak feature expression ability. Based on convolutional neural network theory, this paper proposes a deep music intelligent creation method. The model uses a convolutional recurrent neural network to generate an effective hash code, first preprocesses the music signal to obtain a Mel spectrogram, and then inputs it into a pretrained CNN to extract from its convolutional layers. The network space details and the semantic information of musical symbols are used to construct the feature map sequence using selection strategy for the feature map of each convolutional layer, so as to solve the problem of high data feature dimension and poor recognition performance. In the simulation process, the Mel cepstral coefficient method (MFCC) was used to extract the features of four different music signals, and the features that could represent each signal were extracted through the convolutional neural network, and the continuous signals were discretized and reduced. The experimental results show that the high-dimensional music data are dimensionally reduced at the data level. After the data are compressed, the correct rate of intelligent creation is as high as 98%, and the characteristic signal distortion rate is reduced to 5% below, effectively improving the algorithm performance and the ability to create music intelligently.

STATISTICAL STUDY OF DIRECT MAINTENANCE OF SMALL BUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN THE REGIONS

The article presents scientific conclusions and recommendations for assessing the state of development of small business and private entrepreneurship and the factors affecting it, socio-economic aspects of the development of the industry and structural changes. KEYWORDS: small business, entrepreneurship, statistical analysis, creation rate, export potential, statistical methods, statistical evaluation.

ICT Access and Entrepreneurship in the Open Innovation Dynamic Context: Evidence from OECD Countries

In recent decades, entrepreneurship has become increasingly important for innovation and economic growth. However, few studies demonstrate the role of information and communication technology systems (ICT) in promoting entrepreneurship, and even fewer studies show that ICT is a crucial resource for entrepreneurs. This study examines the direct influence of ICTs on entrepreneurial activity in OECD countries in the context of the open innovation dynamic. Based on an unbalanced dynamic longitudinal panel of data, we conclude that access to ICTs (mobile-cellular telephone subscriptions, individuals using the internet, and fixed-broadband subscriptions) positively influences Total early-stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA). However, the importance of ICTs for entrepreneurial activity is not equal, with mobile-cellular telephones having the strongest influence on the rate of new firm creation, followed by fixed-broadband, and internet access. This study contributes to the rationale of resource-based theory by demonstrating that ICTs are a valuable resource for boosting the capabilities for creating, collecting, processing, and interpreting information, which is vital for entrepreneurial activity. On the other hand, this study attempts to suppress an existing gap in the literature due to the still scarce studies demonstrating how macro-level ICTs affect the creation of new firms in countries. Finally, it contributed to empirically substantiating the relationship between open innovation dynamic and entrepreneurship, as very few studies do.

An Evaluation of Health Care Waste Generation and Disposal at Ramadi Teaching Hospital in Iraq

In recent years, hospital waste has been one of the most serious issues in Iraq and other parts of the world. The current study aims to measure and analyze hospital waste output across all departments at the Ramadi Teaching Hospital. The data on waste generation rates gathered for the study were primarily based on existing records of field management of hospital waste over the course of eight months (one week per month) for all departments in the hospital; however, some random sampling information was provided to supplement the data. The results revealed that the estimated rate of medical waste creation at Ramadi hospital was between 144 and 188 kg/day, whereas the general (non-medical) waste generation was between (240-278) kg/day. In terms of patient numbers and per occupied bed, the average medical waste generation rates were from 0.60 to 0.90 kg/patient/day and (0.85-1.11) kg/bed/day, respectively, whereas the average general trash generation rates ranged from 0.86 to 1.15 kg/patient/day and 1.42-1.64 kg/bed/day. The recent analysis concluded that the hospital's segregation procedure is still inefficient, and there is room for improvement in terms of reducing hazardous medical waste creation

Curvature–matter couplings in modified gravity: From linear models to conformally invariant theories

In this paper, we review modified theories of gravity with a curvature–matter coupling between an arbitrary function of the scalar curvature and the Lagrangian density of matter. This explicit nonminimal coupling induces a nonvanishing covariant derivative of the energy–momentum tensor, that implies nongeodesic motion and consequently leads to the appearance of an extra force. Here, we explore the physical and cosmological implications of the nonconservation of the energy–momentum tensor by using the formalism of irreversible thermodynamics of open systems in the presence of matter creation/annihilation. The particle creation rates, pressure, and the expression of the comoving entropy are obtained in a covariant formulation and discussed in detail. Applied together with the gravitational field equations, the thermodynamics of open systems lead to a generalization of the standard [Formula: see text]CDM cosmological paradigm, in which the particle creation rates and pressures are effectively considered as components of the cosmological fluid energy–momentum tensor. Furthermore, we also briefly present the coupling of curvature to geometry in conformal quadratic Weyl gravity, by assuming a coupling term of the form [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the ordinary matter Lagrangian, and [Formula: see text] is the Weyl scalar. The coupling explicitly satisfies the requirement of the conformal invariance of the theory. Expressing [Formula: see text] with the use of an auxiliary scalar field and of the Weyl scalar, the gravitational action can be linearized in the Ricci scalar, leading in the Riemann space to a conformally invariant [Formula: see text]-type theory, with the matter Lagrangian nonminimally coupled to geometry.

LEGAL ASPECTS OF VACCINATION OF MEDICAL WORKERS IN THE UDMURT REPUBLIC

The article considers the issue of legal regulation of vaccination of employees of medical institutions on the example of the Udmurt Republic. The formation of vaccination adherence in the population is largely determined by the active position of medical workers. The main legal acts in the area under consideration are highlighted, the problem of the ratio of volunteerism and the obligation to vaccinate against COVID-19 coronavirus infection is noted, both for the entire population of the Russian Federation as a whole and for certain categories of workers, including medical institutions. The main reasons for not vaccinating are the high rate of vaccine creation without convincing clinical studies and unknown side effects. Often this information is unreliable, "fake", which is not subject to supervision by the health system, leads to the formation of caution and mistrust among the population regarding vaccination against COVID-19 There are cases of forced vaccination, restrictions on work or coercion by management when refusing vaccination. It was concluded that federal legislation on the introduction of compulsory vaccination of the population should be improved and some recommendations were made.

Observational data-based sequence stratigraphy of a clastic wedge within an active foreland basin, Spirit River Formation, west-central Alberta, Canada

The Spirit River Formation forms a third-order clastic wedge that consists of strongly progradational to aggradational parasequence sets following a maximum transgression. This observed parasequence stacking pattern is opposite from the traditional sequence stratigraphic models following a maximum marine transgression. The previously recognized gas-charged but low permeability reservoir sandstone bodies of the progradational succession were disregarded as it has required the recent technological advancement of horizontal wells with multistage hydraulic fracturing to exploit them. The unusual parasequence stacking pattern of the progradational succession was unraveled by detailed logging of 10's of cored intervals and 1,000's of wells with log suites for facies analysis and sequence stratigraphy. Evaluation of the local basin controls on parasequence set stacking patterns shows a high sediment influx relative to the available and rate of creation of new accommodation space relationship controlled the initial strongly progradational stacking pattern of the lower part of the Spirit River Formation. A high sediment influx was maintained, but a significant increase in accommodation from increased tectonic activity and associated subsidence resulted in the overlying strongly aggradational parasequence set stacking pattern of the upper part of the Spirit River Formation. Understanding the local basin controls on sedimentation and accommodation that helps predict parasequence set stacking patterns leads to better unconventional exploration and exploitation opportunities worldwide of clastic wedges.