Creation Of Services Research Articles

Cost Inefficiency of Japanese Railway Companies and Impacts of COVID-19 Pandemic and Digital Transformation

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic seriously affected railway businesses. The motivation of this study is to provide vital information to railway company management and policymakers by quantitatively assessing the cost efficiency of railway operations. We examine the efficiency of Japanese listed railway companies by applying stochastic frontier analysis to their operational and financial data from 2005 to 2020. Then, we classify the companies into four groups by cost efficiency levels and identify the characteristics of the best-practice companies. Furthermore, we analyze the factors influencing cost efficiency before and during the pandemic. Finally, we discuss the sustainable business practices and measures of digital transformation (DX) that can be applied to improve efficiency and survive severe events like the pandemic. From the results, we reveal that cost-efficient companies succeeded in securing profits through the creation of new services by proactive DX investments. The practical contributions of this study are threefold: quantifying the deterioration in efficiency due to the pandemic; identifying characteristics of best-practice companies; and examining the relationship between cost efficiency levels and concrete measures and investments for sustainable business practices. This study proposes a new analytical framework that combines conventional methods.

A Novel Blockchain-based Responsible Recommendation System for Service Process Creation and Recommendation

Service composition platforms play a crucial role in creating personalized service processes. Challenges, including the risk of tampering with service data during service invocation and the potential single point of failure in centralized service registration centers, hinder the efficient and responsible creation of service processes. This paper presents a novel framework called Context-Aware Responsible Service Process Creation and Recommendation (SPCR-CA), which incorporates blockchain, Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), and a Skip-Gram model holistically to enhance the security, efficiency, and quality of service process creation and recommendation. Specifically, the blockchain establishes a trusted service provision environment, ensuring transparent and secure transactions between services and mitigating the risk of tampering. The RNN trains responsible service processes, contextualizing service components and producing coherent recommendations of linkage components. The Skip-Gram model trains responsible user-service process records, generating semantic vectors that facilitate the recommendation of similar service processes to users. Experiments using the Programmable-Web dataset demonstrate the superiority of the SPCR-CA framework to existing benchmarks in precision and recall. The proposed framework enhances the reliability, efficiency, and quality of service process creation and recommendation, enabling users to create responsible and tailored service processes. The SPCR-CA framework offers promising potential to provide users with secure and user-centric service creation and recommendation capabilities.

Company Profile Application Design as Promotional Media Using Laravel

Keratip Design, a design agency specializing in creative services such as graphic design, encounters intense competition in the expanding design market. Presently, corporations depend on social media as a means of promotion. However, the outcomes could be more optimal. Moreover, Keratip Design encounters challenges in engaging with prospective customers, impeding the company's capacity to establish robust connections with potential clients. In order to address these problems, it is imperative to create and construct a contemporary, engaging, and appealing company profile application utilizing Laravel as the development framework. By utilizing Laravel as the underlying framework for constructing the company profile application, Kereatif Design can enhance the program's performance, bolster its security measures, and facilitate future expansion of its functionality. The app will allow Keratip Design to effectively showcase its portfolio, outline its design services, and furnish clients with the company's contact information in an immersive and dynamic manner. This project aims to develop a corporate profile application utilizing Laravel as a promotional instrument for Keratip Design. By utilizing this program, Keratip Design aims to enhance its online presence, attract prospective consumers, and improve user experience. This study's results can significantly enhance a company's visibility, enhance company reporting, foster more substantial engagement with potential consumers, and enhance presentations.

Архитектурные подходы и технологические решения в создании инновационных веб-приложений для голосовых и текстовых чатов. Анализ, перспективы и реализация

The article provides a detailed examination of the technologies used in an innovative service that implements voice and text chats as a web application, using an already implemented solution as an example. The main focus is on analyzing the architectural and technological solutions employed in the development of innovative web applications for voice and text chats. The article extensively discusses the functional capabilities, scalability of such systems. The service, provisionally named “Voice and Text Chat Service in the Context of Import Substitution”, serves as the object of analysis. Despite its functional similarities and user experience with leading communication platforms such as Discord, Telegram, and VKontakte, it is developed with specific requirements and the latest technologies in web development in mind. The article meticulously reviews the key components of the system, including server logic, client applications, and data infrastructure. Special attention is given to the integration of modern technologies into real products, including the use of cloud services, microservices architecture, and contemporary frameworks and protocols. The analysis covers not only technical aspects but also issues of usability, accessibility, and inclusivity, enabling the creation of more effective services that meet user needs. The article also highlights potential directions for further development of such platforms and presents examples of best practices in this field.

Safer and more effective use of opioids

Safer and more effective use of opioids The Pain PLUS literature surveillance service demonstrates the importance of high-quality literature to support decision-making and practice for the use of opioids. McMaster University has had a significant leadership role in advancing the practice of evidence-based health care. Part of this leadership has been through the creation of programs and services that support individual clinicians and others in their striving to stay up to date in the rapidly expanding volume of healthcare knowledge and to separate high-quality materials from the large quantity of published work in order to make best use of their, often limited, time for review of publications.

Innovation activity of the largest companies in the high-tech sector

Aim. To analyze the specific features of innovation activity of the largest transnational companies of the high-tech sector in order to identify general trends and assess their efficiency.Objectives. To study the expenditures on innovation in Alphabet, Apple, Microsoft and Amazon; to determine the ratio of expenditures on research and development (R&D) to total revenue and the share of innovation in total expenditures; to examine the market capitalization and the share of private investors in the ownership of shares of these companies; to analyze the share of intangible assets in total assets; to assess the intensity of innovation activity by the number of issued patents; to identify the general characteristics of innovative companies-leaders of the high-tech sectorMethods. This study utilizes financial indicators, statistical data and data on patent activity of Alphabet, Apple, Microsoft Corporation and Amazon.Results. The largest high-tech companies achieve improved innovation performance through a combination of understanding customer needs, active participation of management in the research and development program, and the creation of unique products and services based on new technologies. Financial success depends on successfully utilizing existing intellectual resources, creating long-term customer relationships, and fostering the development of human capital within companies. Companies that focus on customer satisfaction and continuously stimulate employee development demonstrate higher innovation performance and ensure commercial success in the market.Conclusions. The comparative analysis of the indicators of the largest transnational companies in the high-tech sector allows us to assess the efficiency of innovation activity, as well as to identify the key factors contributing to their sustainable development in a highly competitive market.

Utilizing predictive analytics to boost customer loyalty and drive business expansion

In the contemporary business landscape, leveraging data to enhance customer experiences and drive strategic decisions has become paramount. Predictive analytics, a key component of advanced data analytics, offers a powerful tool for businesses seeking to boost customer loyalty and drive business expansion. This review explores the utilization of predictive analytics to understand customer behavior, anticipate their needs, and create personalized experiences that foster loyalty and promote growth. Predictive analytics involves analyzing historical data to identify patterns and trends that can forecast future behaviors and outcomes. By integrating predictive models into customer relationship management (CRM) systems, businesses can gain valuable insights into customer preferences, purchasing habits, and potential churn risks. These insights enable companies to tailor their marketing strategies, optimize customer interactions, and deliver targeted promotions that resonate with individual customers. One significant advantage of predictive analytics is its ability to enhance customer retention. By identifying at-risk customers early, businesses can implement proactive measures to re-engage them, such as personalized offers, targeted communication, and loyalty programs. This not only improves customer satisfaction but also reduces the costs associated with acquiring new customers. Moreover, predictive analytics facilitates market segmentation and helps businesses identify high-value customer segments. By understanding the characteristics and behaviors of these segments, companies can develop focused marketing campaigns and product offerings that cater specifically to their needs. This targeted approach not only maximizes the return on marketing investment but also drives business expansion by capturing new markets and increasing market share. Additionally, predictive analytics can support product development and innovation. By analyzing customer feedback and usage data, businesses can identify emerging trends and unmet needs, guiding the creation of new products and services that align with customer demands. This fosters a culture of innovation and continuous improvement, further strengthening customer loyalty and driving long-term growth. In conclusion, the integration of predictive analytics into business strategies is a powerful means to boost customer loyalty and drive business expansion. By leveraging data-driven insights to personalize customer experiences, anticipate needs, and optimize marketing efforts, businesses can achieve sustainable growth and maintain a competitive edge in the dynamic market landscape.

Python's Role in Accelerating Web Application Development with Django

Efficient, secure, and scalable web services are critical in today's digital environment. This study explores the field of web service development and addresses issues such system efficiency, project duration, and changing requirements. The goal of this study is to ensure reliable and efficient web services by streamlining the development process and utilizing the Django framework. The study highlights the application of Django's Model-Template-View (MTV) design pattern, which is customized for a listing management system. Smooth data interaction and effective system performance are ensured by the study's seamless integration of Django's capabilities with MySQL for database management. To further improve system performance, focus is given to standardizing data sharing protocols and expediting user authentication procedures. The automation of web page construction with Python, HTML, and CSS modules, which increases system efficacy, is a crucial component of the research. Furthermore, the study shows how crucial security measures are, such as encryption for data confidentiality and integrity, which are made possible by the REST API interaction with the front end and the Django REST framework. Along with discussing key attacks and weaknesses that are frequent in web technology, the article also offers strategies to reduce these risks. Through the use of suitable SDLC models and testing procedures, it recognizes the crucial role that software engineering processes play in the development process. Focusing attention to Django's feature set, scalability, and wide library support, the study proves its advantages over competing web frameworks. The goal of the research is to provide developers and students with the skills they need to fully utilize Django's capabilities, making it easier to create dependable, successful and safe online applications. This study advances knowledge in the field of web technology and service development by lighting the development, difficulties, and current solutions in these fields. The study's ultimate goal is to open the door for comprehensive, modern, and efficient web service creation in order to satisfy the growing need for effective web solutions in the current digital era.

Tracing the evolutionary leaps and boundaries of digital platforms: a case study of Facebook

ABSTRACT Digital platforms exert a significant influence on the creation and utilisation of products and services across the globe. Past research has shed light on digital platform establishment, strategies for growing platforms’ scale and scope, as well as the role of boundary resources in stimulating third-party development. However, we lack insight into the interaction of growth in scale and scope as traditional digital solutions are transformed into emergent platforms, and how such platforms over time evolve beyond the platform metaphor. .In this paper, we seek to understand the emergence, evolution, and boundaries of digital platforms over time through a longitudinal case study of Facebook. For this, we utilise Facebook’s publicly available documentation of its evolution as digital trace data. We discover that from 2004 to 2019, Facebook underwent four distinct evolutionary stages: interaction, integration, interconnection, and implantation. These stages were facilitated by two novel roles for digital platform boundary resources that we term as distributing and centring. Based on these findings, we theorize the role of digital artefacts’ material qualities in their evolution from applications, via platforms, to information infrastructures. The paper contributes a model explicating this traversal as well as the subsequent unbundling to a new entity repeating the same traversal.

Digital Health Literacy amongst Hypertensive Clients in Depok City

The still-growing of e-health integration in Depok City's hypertension prevention and control initiatives is at odds with the city's development goal for 2021–2026, which calls for the creation of contemporary public services and the development of technology–based infrastructure. This study aims to identify the digital health literacy in hypertensive clients in Depok City. With the greatest estimated population of hypertensive clients in Depok City, the research approach is a descriptive study using the I-eHEALS questionnaire with cluster sampling technique on hypertensive clients in five urban villages, with up to 100 samples. The findings revealed that most Depok City's hypertensive clients were young adults (64%), female (72%), with a secondary education level of 59% (junior high school, high school, or equivalent), and 25% of them used YouTube as a source of digital health information. Furthermore, it is also reported that hypertensive clients in Depok City have a digital health literacy level of 26. The study's findings indicate that hypertensive clients in Depok City tend to be more digitally literate when they are young adults, female, have higher levels of education, and use online health applications as a source of information about digital health. However, these clients still struggle to assess, evaluate, and feel confident when using digital health information. The researcher suggests fostering digital health literacy and creating digital health resources with an emphasis on hypertension patients' self-care management.

Uso De Tecnologías Para La Creación De Nuevos Servicios Híbridos, Basados En Ejercicio Físico, Para Mejorar La Salud De Los Trabajadores: Un Estudio De Caso

Uso De Tecnologías Para La Creación De Nuevos Servicios Híbridos, Basados En Ejercicio Físico, Para Mejorar La Salud De Los Trabajadores: Un Estudio De Caso

Ten Years of the Single Supervisory Mechanism: Looking into the Past, Navigating into the Future

ABSTRACT In November 2024 European banking supervision will have been operational for 10 years. The Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM) has evolved from a start-up to a mature, well-established, and respected supervisor. Harmonized and transparent supervisory practices have been implemented, whilst the European banking sector has proved to be resilient. Nevertheless, whilst acknowledging the progress that has been made, Europe should not rest on its laurels. As the global financial landscape is continuously evolving, the European framework must also evolve. Growing geopolitical tensions, the rise of FinTech and BigTech companies, the ongoing digital transformation, and climate change not only impact banks but also add more complexity to the work of supervisors. This is due to unexpected and difficult-to-model events, the creation of new business models, products, and services, as well as the emergence of cultural, behavioural, and ethical considerations that should be taken into account. To address these challenges, supervisors should enhance their competencies, approaches, and tools to stay ahead of evolving market dynamics and to remain aligned with the rapid evolution of technology and the risks that climate change poses. Equally important, ensuring thorough and efficient supervision requires fostering and strengthening collaboration and information sharing between all relevant authorities.

IMPROVING THE SYSTEM OF MOTIVATION OF CIVIL SERVANTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The motivation system of civil servants is quite relevant today since it directly affects the quality of public services provided to citizens. Civil servants are responsible for carrying out government functions and implementing policies that affect the lives of millions of people. Motivation is crucial to ensure that government employees are focused, productive, and accountable in their work. A well-thought-out motivation system can help attract and retain talented people in public service while contributing to the effectiveness of public service delivery. Without the creation of a competitive civil service, it is impossible to achieve the main goal - building a prosperous Kazakhstan, and radically improving the efficiency of government agencies is impossible without creating an effective motivation system in the professional activities of civil servants. The motivation system for civil servants is a crucial factor in improving the overall efficiency and accountability of the public sector. By ensuring the motivation, commitment, and accountability of public servants, we can create a more effective public service that meets the needs of citizens and contributes to the development of our societies. The purpose of the study is to improve the motivation system of civil servants, and the Office of the Akim of Atyrau region was considered as the object and subject of the study, as well as factors affecting the motivation of civil servants and the development of an effective motivation system that increases their work efficiency and accountability, formed the basis of the subject of the study. The scientific novelty of the research is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of the motivation system of civil servants and its impact on their work efficiency and accountability. The study used mixed-method approaches combining qualitative and quantitative methods to collect and analyze data from various sources, including document analysis.

Air pollution over southern Africa: Impact on the regional environment and public health implication

Air pollution is one of the problems in many countries posing serious challenges the world is facing today. This is a global public health and environmental issue with multiple facets; it affects all aspects -human health, development, economy, land use and the environment. Although industrial revolution has been a great advancement in human life in terms of technology, societal development, creation and provision of multiple services, it has also resulted in the production of large quantities of unpleasant substances the atmosphere. It is no doubt that worldwide urbanization and industrialization are escalating at a high rate and reaching unprecedented proportions in many countries. In this article, we revisit the state of air pollution over southern Africa and assess the extent to which this can impact on the regional environment. The study is qualitative but also employs a blend of quantitative and qualitative evidence on the status of Air Quality (AQ) over southern Africa. The subcontinent is now a significant source of atmospheric and environmental pollution, having transformed from a rural to one of the more developing regions in the world. There is an influx of particulate and gas pollution from both local and remote sources. Prominent hotspots can be observed on satellites for Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), Particulate Matter (PM) and Biomass Burning (BB) emissions around active areas. Depending on the nature of pollutant generation and amount, there are often differing levels of exposure to certain toxic elements, some of which are more harmful to human life. Increase in seasonal/annual pollution, in accordance with continued human development and industrial revolution can have a dire effect on the region, especially considering the growing African population. Comprehensive long-term AQ management programs are therefore needed to ensure that tolerable pollution levels are not exceeded, and that population exposure is taken care of.

Is the public lighting contribution being used to pay for lighting services? Exploratory study in municipalities in the state of Cearáará.

The State demands resources to guarantee the fulfillment of its final functions, achieved through the creation of public goods and services that allow collective needs to be met. In this context, the revenue from the Public Lighting Contribution (CIP) gains prominence and, therefore, it is relevant to identify whether the use of this tax is capable of guaranteeing its usefulness as a public policy based on the normative provisions created and structured for its control. Therefore, the objective of the article will be to evaluate the control and management of resources linked to CIP revenue with constitutional and infra-constitutional provisions. The methodology used consisted of a bibliographic and documentary review. In effect, the study is classified as descriptive, explanatory and exploratory, with qualitative analysis and multiple case study. The results showed flaws in the planning of public policy related to public lighting, transparency, management and application of resources linked to the CIP. The data from this study allows us to visualize the relevance of this Contribution and its materiality as a source of financing for public policies. In relation to the municipalities studied, there is a clear need to improve the Public Lighting policy. Regarding management implications, improvements are needed in the resource planning process and accounting records of these expenses. Finally, the implications for society, the control and management of CIP resources will favor transparency and the exercise of social control.

The impact of the expanded health insurance coverage policy on healthcare spending: evidence from Korea

BackgroundSouth Korea’s National Health Insurance (NHI) system pursues universal health coverage, but it has not been able to alleviate patients’ financial burden owing to limited coverage and a high proportion of out-of-pocket expenses. In 2017, the government announced a plan to strengthen universality by providing coverage for all unincluded services, expanding coverage, and alleviating household financial burden. We aimed to evaluate the effect of “Moon Care” with a focus on changes in health expenditures following policy implementation, and to provide empirical evidence for future policies to strengthen the NHI system’s universality.MethodsUsing data from the 2016 and 2018 Korea Health Panel (KHP), we established a treatment group affected by the policy and an unaffected control group; we ensured homogeneity between the groups using propensity score matching (PSM). Subsequently, we examined changes in NHI payments, non-payments, and out-of-pocket payments (OOP); we performed difference-in-differences (DID) analysis to evaluate the policy’s effect.ResultsFollowing policy implementation, the control group had a higher increase than the treatment group in all categories of health expenditures, including NHI payments, non-payments, and OOP. We noted significant decreases in all three categories of health expenditures when comparing the differences before and after policy implementation, as well as between the treatment and control groups. However, we witnessed a significant decrease in the interaction term, which confirms the policy’s effect, but only for non-payments.ConclusionsWe observed the policy’s intervention effect over time as a decrease in non-payments, on the effectivity of remunerating covered medical services. However, the policy did not work for NHI payments and OOP, suggesting that it failed to control the creation of new non-covered services as noncovered services were converted into covered ones. Thus, it is crucial to discuss the financial spending of health insurance regarding the inclusion of non-covered services in the NHI benefits package.

How critical is ethical leadership during COVID? Its role in enhancing creativity in nursing

Purpose The ethical requirement for nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic reached the peak. Healthcare professionals were asked to provide creative services to patients while making ethical decisions. This study aims to understand how ethical leadership and ethical climate interact with help seeking behavior to influence nurses’ creativity. Design/methodology/approach In this longitudinal study, the authors employed 193 nurses from a large hospital in China. Eligible nurses completed two surveys (one month apart) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings This study found that help seeking during problem-solving mediates the relationship between ethical leadership and creativity while ethical climate moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and help seeking in nurses. Originality/value Scholars have rarely studied the relationship between ethical leadership and creativity in the healthcare setting. More importantly, this study unveiled the compounded effect of ethical leadership and ethical climate on creativity via nurses’ help seeking behavior in China.

A Case Analysis of Market Segmentation and Product Differentiation

This paper explores the symbiotic relationship between market segmentation and product differentiation within the realm of marketing strategies. Market segmentation involves the subdivision of a market into distinct sub-markets, delineated by variations in consumer needs, behaviors, and preferences. Conversely, product differentiation entails the creation of unique products or services tailored to meet the specific demands of consumers within these segmented markets. By examining the interplay between these concepts, this paper elucidates how market segmentation serves as a foundational framework for achieving product differentiation. Through a comprehensive analysis of theoretical frameworks and empirical studies, the paper underscores the strategic significance of aligning market segmentation with product differentiation to enhance consumer satisfaction and competitive advantage. Ultimately, this study provides valuable insights into leveraging market segmentation as a strategic tool for effective product differentiation, thereby fostering sustainable growth and success for firms in dynamic market environments. Practical implications and managerial recommendations will be offered to assist marketers in implementing effective market segmentation strategies to drive successful product differentiation initiatives and gain a competitive edge in the marketplace.

Evaluation of a service introduced to support young people at risk of suicide using a cohort design, a mixed methods analysis and cost-benefit analysis

This evaluation sought to determine to what extent a suicide prevention service, designed for young people at severe risk of suicide, was successful in reducing suicide risk and distress and improving well-being outcomes. The 3-month service was co-designed at the height of the COVID-19 pandemic in Melbourne, Australia, with young people and carers who had lived experience of youth suicide. The evaluation involved a mixed methods analysis of data collected during the first 20 months of operation, from February 2022 to September 2023. Ninety one young people were admitted to the service during this period, of whom 28 agreed to participate in the evaluation. Primary data were collected by telephone or online, and secondary data for hospital service use were collected for 70 of the young people. Analysis found that there were significant reductions in suicide risk and psychological distress at discharge, associated with significant improvements in quality of life and reductions in the use of hospital services. Qualitative analysis supported these survey results, highlighting the peer and psycho-social support as particularly beneficial aspects of the service. However, the qualitative analysis also indicated that some individuals felt the service was too short and abruptly ended, with insufficient attention paid to the creation and maintenance of support services that could continue after discharge. A small sample size was a limitation of this study, particularly for the three and six month follow-up surveys. Also, the cost-benefit analysis included secondary routine hospital admission data covering only 12 months. Nevertheless, the overall findings are positive, suggesting that services of this nature can have real benefits for young people at serious risk of suicide. It is likely that an extension of the cost-benefit analysis, to allow for benefits beyond a one year period, would have suggested that the benefits outweigh the costs.

THE IMPACT OF INNOVATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES IN RUSSIA: ЕMPIRICAL ANALYSIS

The article is devoted to the study of the impact of different types of innovation on the efficiency of Russian SMEs. The purpose of the study is to assess the importance of different types of innovation for Russian SMEs and to determine the impact of types of innovation on the efficiency and competitiveness of SMEs. The research methodology involves a consistent approach combining qualitative and quantitative analysis. As a collection of information, a survey was conducted among owners of small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia on the use of innovations in the course of business activities in the last three years (2020–2023) and their impact on the company՚s performance. In addition, the experiences of some participants were explored through in-depth interviews. In total,112 entrepreneurs took part in the survey. The results of the study showed that innovations are used by the vast majority of small and medium-sized enterprises in Russia. There is no stable relationship between the size of enterprises and the innovations they choose, although in some cases we can say that certain companies tend to a certain type of innovation depending on the number of employees. Organisational innovations are the least popular in enterprises innovation, and the greatest marketing; marketing innovations showed the highest percentage of negative experiences during implementation, despite the fact that they are the most popular category of innovations.The majority of respondents see an improvement in the financial situation of the company according to various criteria and are satisfied with the results of innovation; at the same time, the larger the company, the more goals it pursues trough innovations. The smaller the business, the more interested it is in solving specific problems to increase sales, profits and customer loyalty. The larger the company, the more it follows the 360 strategy: that is, it pays attention to the creation of new goods and services, as well as to the introduction of innovations in production processes.