Creation Of Public Spaces Research Articles

URBAN PLANNING PARADOXES AND SOCIOSPATIAL FRAGMENTATION: The Superblock Barcelona Case (2016–2023)

AbstractBarcelona is an interesting living laboratory for studying the role of the local scale in urban planning. Since the early stages of what is known as the Barcelona Model (1979–1994), analysis of Barcelona's urban planning based on the creation of public spaces at a local scale has become a priority. More recently, micro‐scale urban planning has become dominant in addressing global challenges such as climate change within the framework of the New Urban Age paradigm. In this article we analyse the paradoxes between the ideology (local‐centrism) and practices (tactical urbanism) of this paradigm, based on an original perspective of the Superblock Barcelona project, contrary to the criticisms levelled against this project so far, which emanate mainly from economic lobbies in Barcelona. While cities seek to tackle global‐scale climate change, urban planning is being increasingly restricted to acting at local or micro scales. These paradoxes lead to sociospatial fragmentation and denial of other urban‐phenomenon scales, such as the metropolitan/regional one. We frame this article within the critical urban studies perspective, following the planetary urbanization hypothesis. The analysis of the Superblock Barcelona project is based on the logic of ‘making cities by making less city’ and focuses on how the local scale, the districts and neighbourhoods ‘burst against the city’, questioning the very right to the city.

Creating safe and inclusive spaces for children: A catalyst for positive societal impact in Kolkata's neighbourhoods

The establishment of environments that are suitable for children is of utmost importance in fostering communities that are both healthy and content, particularly in regions undergoing rapid urbanisation, such as Kolkata, India. The objective of this research was to ascertain the key areas of focus for the enhancement of child-friendly localities in Kolkata, as determined by the viewpoints of 258 inhabitants who partook in an internet-based questionnaire. The survey conducted a ranking of 12 amenities, encompassing a variety of services such as parks and childcare facilities, based on their respective levels of significance. The findings of the study indicate that the provision of parks, footpaths, street lights, street trees, and resting places are crucial in creating child-friendly neighbourhoods in Kolkata. Nevertheless, an examination based on parental status indicated minor variations, as parents exhibited a greater inclination towards prioritising libraries for their children in comparison to non-parents. Conversely, healthcare provision was deemed less significant among parents relative to non-parents. This research holds significant societal implications, as it offers valuable insights to urban planners and policymakers regarding the development of more sustainable and equitable communities for children residing in Kolkata. Urban planners can enhance the livability and inclusivity of neighbourhoods by prioritising child-centric amenities, such as parks and footpaths, while also taking into account the unique needs of parents and non-parents. This approach can foster social cohesion and promote community resilience. The present research holds significance for multiple Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), namely SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions). Sustainable urban planning has the potential to make a significant contribution towards the attainment of SDG 3 by establishing environments that are conducive to the physical and mental well-being of children. Urban planners can make a significant contribution towards the attainment of SDG 11 by giving priority to the creation of public spaces that are safe and accessible. Urban planning can play a role in realising SDG 16 through the provision of child-centric amenities that promote social inclusion and equity.

The contribution of inhabitants to the development of public spaces in eastern Algeria, Constantine

The creation of public spaces in response to the extensive construction of new urban residential areas is a subject of discussion within the international community. Algeria suffers from degraded areas and a lack of clarity regarding the ownership and use of these zones. To address this issue, the State has launched urban improvement projects. In some cases, the residents are the ones who initiate these improvements. However, it has been observed that many of these improvements either do not last or are purposefully rejected by residents. This situation raises several concerns: Why are residents opposed to these improvements? Why are the improvements initiated and funded by residents deteriorating as well? This study examines the strategies used to implement urban improvements in Ain Smara (Constantine). It also assesses the population’s impact on the success or failure of these initiatives. As a research hypothesis, it appears that the main causes of this situation are a lack of involvement of residents in the early stages of the project (lack of information, shared diagnosis) and supervision. The goal is to emphasise the importance of residents’ roles and to try to identify some mechanisms for effectively involving them. The method employed is a hybrid approach, with on-site surveys and observations serving as the primary data collection tools. The study’s findings emphasise that a lack of information and a lack of resident involvement are factors that contribute to the unsustainable nature of development initiatives. The success of such projects depends on the efforts of all stakeholders, and residents must be kept as informed and involved as possible before and after the project is launched. An examination of local participation experiences allows us to identify mechanisms tailored to the Algerian context that can aid in the effective implementation of true participation.

The Role of Temporary Use of Public Space in Sustainable Development

The aim of this research paper is to explore the sustainable approach towards the management of public spaces. The paper is divided into seven sections. In the beginning, a discussion of why management of public spaces is generally an important subject is described by means of a literature review. The second part of the paper focuses on the value of public space, providing an overview of the benefits of, and roles played by, properly defined and planned public spaces. The third part of the paper presents a detailed discussion of the process of what is seen to be an innovative approach to the management of public spaces. Significant objectives are identified, in accordance with the new process of public space management, its impact, and synergies. In the fourth part, the research methodology is discussed. This section outlines the two approaches taken towards a case study of temporary use of public space in Slovakia and a survey exploring the success of the temporary approach.Finally, the outcome of the case study and results of the survey are outlined, highlighting interesting potential best practices regarding the temporary use of public spaces. The results of the case study suggest that the planning of public spaces plays a significant role in the cities; consequently, the creation of public spaces must be considered as one of the most important aspects when analysing strategies towards sustainable urban development.

The Multidimensional Logistic Model According to the Forecast of Employment of Graduates of Institutions of Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan

This article constructs a multidimensional logistic model for predicting the employment of graduates of higher educational institutions trained under the program of academic mobility, using the example of Kazakh universities. The purpose of the research is to identify the relationship between academic mobility and the employment of university graduates, as well as the necessary skills and competencies that can promote academic mobility in higher education institutions. This paper presents the results of calculating correlation coefficients and conducting a chi-square test, which demonstrated a relationship between the dependent variable and other questions in the graduate questionnaire. After the discovery of pairwise relationships, a multivariate logistic model was built that included statistically significant categories of responses. As a result, it was determined that the usefulness of participation in the academic mobility program is influenced by foreign language proficiency, an increase in academic mobility, the development of educational programs based on the needs of the labor market, as well as an increase in the weight of those methods that form practical skills in information analysis and the creation of public spaces in the labor market. The model demonstrated good predictive properties, which can be used to predict those individuals who were helped by academic mobility in finding employment.

Building a Social Space through a Digital Library

The development of the 4.0 revolution changed the library paradigm, shifting the types of libraries from conventional to digital libraries. The IFLA/UNESCO Manifesto for Digital Libraries officially declares a new paradigm shift in libraries. This manifesto allows libraries to save space by developing digital libraries to build social zones. A social zone is a place for human interaction in various activities. Interaction can occur in a physical or virtual context. This study aims to examine the potential for developing social space through the development of digital libraries. This study used a qualitative method with a field and literature study approach. This study conducted field data validation tests using triangulation techniques. Based on field research, libraries that have implemented digital libraries can save space usage. The room was originally for placing collection shelves; libraries can then use them to create public spaces. The creation of public space by the library is for activities that involve community participation, such as literacy. In addition, using space to build a co-working space also indirectly contributes to social interaction through discussion activities. The next task of the library is how the library can provide quality collections so that the library can make it a center of information.

Utilizing property conditions surveying to improve wellbeing: An analysis of the Lincoln neighborhood in Lafayette, Indiana

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to support the City of Lafayette’s (Indiana) neighborhood revitalization and housing initiatives by completing a hands-on evaluation of the Lincoln neighborhood. This evaluation was done by manually surveying the neighborhood with standardized property surveys to provide an accurate representation of key neighborhood issues. With the data collected, suggestions for short- and long-term improvements could be made. The Lincoln neighborhood was chosen because it is statistically one of the poorer neighborhoods and has one of the highest numbers of low-income residents in Lafayette. A lot of the infrastructure comprising the Lincoln neighborhood was found to have fallen into disrepair. It is hoped that the suggestions detailed in this report will be given consideration by the City of Lafayette and will lead to structured improvements of roads, sidewalks, and lighting as well as the creation of public spaces to revitalize the Lincoln neighborhood.

TOWN PLANNING PRACTICE OF REVIVAL OF COASTAL TERRITORIES

The world experience of revitalization of coastal areas is considered. Vivid examples of revitalization for the citizens of coastal areas are "Hafen City" in Hamburg, "VКstra Namnen" in MalmЪ, "Fjord City" in Oslo, "Canary Wharf" in London. Until the beginning of the 21st century, people were not often seen on the banks of the Yonning River in the Chinese city of Taizhou because the embankment was a concrete road without trees. A 2002 project to create a park along the river was a successful solution to flood control and stormwater management. The effectiveness of such a system was proven by the simulation of regular floods. A wooden structure was added to the natural structure, which performs a technical function, where pedestrian routes were laid. Today, the park is a popular place for residents throughout the year, because the wetland system with pontoon paths is not at risk of flooding due to rising water levels. 3.8 hectares of public space were returned to the residents of Lisbon by building the Museum of Art, Architecture and Technology, and the area on the site of the former road and car park opened access to the Tagus River. It is possible to make the embankment active and accessible by leaving concrete anti-flood structures, as was done on the boulevard along the Vistula in Warsaw. The embankment, which before the reconstruction was not a public space, has become one of the most popular promenade spots in Warsaw after 2017. Domino Park on the waterfront of New York is an example of how a comfortable public space can be built in the context of an industrial area. In many American cities, the revitalization of coastal areas is accompanied by the organization of festival market places in the style of European cities with a predominance of local small shops, unpretentious architecture and the creation of a festive atmosphere.
 It was concluded that complex projects of embankment regeneration involve the construction of new offices and housing, certain tourist attractions - concert halls, museums, walking paths, restaurants and cafes. It is emphasized that the location of the headquarters of large corporations and educational institutions on the coastal territories is an important factor in the further development of such areas. The given examples of revitalization of coastal areas in different parts of the world prove that the creation of public spaces that are optimal in terms of comfort, safety, and aesthetics is the basis of urban planning organization of coastal areas. Attracting investments in the revitalization of coastal areas contributes to solving a number of environmental issues, the aesthetic quality of the urban environment, and the humanization of society.

ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES IN URBAN SETTLEMENT PUBLIC SPACES: BEHAVIOR AS AN IDENTITY

Behavior aspects cover response of interaction between human and places, showing existence of interactive spaces that not only describes behavior but also the place character. Currently, the level of need for human social and economic interaction is increasingly binding. Purpose of this study is to identify behavior of users in public space especially in utilizing space when they carry out social and economic activities simultaneously, and to question whether the creation of public space can reflect the character of identity. Activities to be observed are in residential corridor of Sekarbela, Mataram City. This space is used daily as space for social and economic interaction. This is qualitative research using grounded theory and case study. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, description, and documentation. Interactive analysis model is used with descriptive analysis of behavior setting in Sekarbela corridor. The results show that social and economic activities are behavior identities in public space of urban settlement. The routine activities of production, distribution, and consumption in this area unwittingly make this space unified and give more meaning to a public space; not only perceived social and economic space separately but intertwined each other and makes the public space more vibrant.

The city of proximity (accessible, inclusive, sustainable, healthy & salutogenic): the case of Brussels Bourse, Grand-Place station

Abstract The ecological dimension is expressed, among other things, in the matter of movement and the process of appropriation of local spaces. The creation of public space is oriented towards centralising and bringing exchanges closer together. It is a recognition of the ways of life of the individual who has become aware of the other essentials for human well-being. How does the proximity of multimodality and culture strengthen the urbanity? And how does it influence urban intensity, livability, health & the salutogenic approach of public space? The study investigates the quality of public mobility spaces through design, multimodality and sustainable planning by surveying the case of Bourse-Grand-Place station in Brussels. This transformation project is the subject of an empirical method using the material of recent research on urban design and professional practice. Falling within the scope of the “Cities for People” vision of the future, the design of this project integrates socio-cultural activities around the idea of “Station for People”. A concept based on universal accessibility ensures that all individuals can access it. Thereafter, an evolving social economy programme promoted cycling through equipment, maintenance, recycling, training, innovation and the encouragement of cycling culture. The breakthrough of the innovative multimodal design process based on multidisciplinarity could become a helpful urban strategy, oriented toward making proximate neighbourhoods both residentially and practically attractive. The present article carries out an enquiry of how design and urban activities take part in strategies to improve the quality of the public spaces. It reveals some hints that could help urban practitioners when making decisions regarding the quality of an urban place and ‘living together’ oriented developments. With a contribution to climate change issues, this article demonstrates how urban design can contribute to the quality of life of users and citizens.

Creation of public spaces as the factor of development of the region

The article proves the importance of the creation of modern attractive public spaces (taking into account the legal regulation of behavior in public places). The main benefits from the creation of public spaces are listed. Some successful examples from the practice of world megalopolises are given.

Placemaking through Deep Cultural Mapping: The Where is Here? Project

Abstract One of the most visible avenues used by small cities to retain competitiveness can be seen in the attempts to revitalize their downtown areas to create places and spaces enjoyed and valued by residents and visitors. Formerly recognized as the heart or centre of small cities, many downtown areas have suffered due to urban sprawl and a loss of connectedness or familiarity among new residents. While efforts to address downtown revitalization are evident such as the creation of public spaces, events and support for small businesses, there remains a need to understand if, and how, residents in small cities value their downtown areas. VIU logo WLCE logo Information A publication of the World Leisure Centre of Excellence © Nicole L. Vaugeois, Sunny Rosser, Sharon Karsten, Alanna Williams and Pam Shaw 2016

Collective actions for reconfiguration of urban space Biały Bór, Poland

Biały Bór is located in the former German territories that came to Poland after the Second World War. The almost complete replacement of the indigenous German and Jewish populations, initially by Polish and soon Ukrainian communities, was the result of the displacement of state borders by the eviction and relocation of millions of people. To do this, the authorities used certain strategies, which brought different approaches and constraints to local communities and urban spaces. The article considers the differences between the declared principles and the actual actions of the authorities in the context of “small stories” of all actors (national communities), as well as the tactics of indirect resistance of the local community to government pressure. Due to the remoteness of the place from the state center and due to its unanimity, the local community becomes the driving force of the spatial development of the city. And since the city is multicultural, the development of public spaces is influenced by the competitiveness (not confrontation) of two local communities. Therefore, the creation of public spaces is considered in the context of the rights of different groups to the city. This paper argues the conditions under which it is the collective actions of local communities that determine the change in the configuration of urban space.

PUBLIC SPACES AS A TOOL FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENT RECONSTRUCTION

The article is devoted to the study of public urban spaces as a catalyst for the reconstruction of the urban environment. The article analyzes scientific works devoted to the study of sustainable development of the urban environment, the reconstruction of urban areas and the creation of public spaces. The examples from the world experience of creating public spaces during the reconstruction of the urban environment are given and analyzed. Creation and humanization of public spaces as objects of social and communication activity of the population using new technologies in architecture, landscape and light-color design, necessary to create an architectural environment that is comfortable in terms of ecological, functional and aesthetic characteristics.
 The creation of public spaces during the reconstruction of urban areas contributes to the economic process of updating the subject-spatial environment, taking into account new social and urban planning requirements and the formation of a comfortable urban environment.

URBAN PLANNING PRINCIPLES AND METHODS OF RETURNING COASTAL AREAS TO CITIZENS

The extremely important issue of today is the return of coastal areas to city dwellers. The peculiarities of urban, landscape and integrated directions of organization of coastal territories are considered with the definition of their advantages and disadvantages. Bright examples of all three principles of coastal development are given. The basic town-planning methods of the organization of coastal territories are defined. The focus is on the urgency of reviving natural ecosystems in cities by revitalizing urban rivers with the return of rivers to their natural qualities - natural bed, flora, fauna, ecotones, which will improve the atmosphere of the urban environment, microclimate, create recreation areas for citizens. The most striking example of successful revitalization project is the revival of the Chongecheong River in Seoul (South Korea). The creation of Pochayna Park in the Obolonskyi district of Kyiv with the revival of the small Pochayna River by Kyiv designers and architects in partnership with Korean colleagues was presented. The creation of public spaces in coastal areas is a condition for improving the quality of life of urban residents. Concern for the human dimension in cities is at the heart of these projects. The realized project on revival of the small river Yahorlyk in Odesa region is given. Revitalization of the small river Yahorlyk launched a campaign to revive Ukrainian rivers.

RENOVATION OF INDUSTRIAL AREAS

The relevance of this study is devoted to overcoming a complex of social, environmental and economic problems in urban planning associated with the effective use of former industrial territories and the creation of public spaces with the preservation of architectural monuments. Foreign experience has shown the possibility of using former industrial areas through their renovation. Full use of all territories of the city ensures its integrity and connectivity of the transport system. Creation of new functions in buildings and on the territories of historical industrial enterprises, rethinking the architecture of industrial buildings (renovation, reconstruction and rehabilitation), which will lead to an influx of funds and investors, will make it possible to reproduce and maintain former industrial facilities at a new historical stage. Identifying ways to harmonize and develop the urban environment through the renovation of industrial areas is one of the urgent tasks in the formation of the concept of sustainable development of the city. Recommendations are presented for the implementation of the renovation of industrial territories, an analysis of the existing experience in the renovation of industrial territories, trends in the further development of their architectural and planning structure are revealed. The main aspects of the renovation of industrial territories are given, which will allow creating a more comfortable urban environment, developing social infrastructure and convenient public spaces. Industrial areas and former factory and factory buildings that are being renovated have a number of features that make it possible to use these features as an aid to new opportunities. Former industrial territories are often located in the central parts of cities and by activating these territories, this area can bring income to the economy, improve the environment, and itself provide comfort for each resident.

Protegemos as escolas: ações de urbanismo tático nos entornos escolares de Barcelona, Espanha

Objetivo: Abordar a contribuição sistêmica do programa Protegemos las escuelas para o incremento dos espaços públicos, da segurança viária e da qualidade ambiental, para a valorização dos equipamentos públicos e seus entornos imediatos e para a redução dos desequilíbrios socioambientais entre os bairros.Metodologia: Estudo de caso baseado na análise dos 25 entornos escolares transformados na primeira fase da ação, visando à elaboração de uma taxonomia das intervenções.Relevância: O artigo discute a importante mudança de paradigma que caracteriza Barcelona da última década, fundamentada no deslocamento da cultura da “grandiloquência oficial” para a atenção sobre a atuação no pequeno e no ordinário, um fenômeno inserido no contexto de crise econômica e sanitária, mas também política e representativa.Resultados: Verificação da existência de cinco tipologias de praças, em ocorrências isoladas ou combinadas, com melhores ou piores desempenhos. Após onze meses de operação, o programa já foi capaz de gerar aproximadamente 3.500 m2 de novos espaços públicos para pedestres nas adjacências escolares.Contribuições: O trabalho contribui para a valorização dos espaços públicos cotidianos de pequena escala, apresentando uma experiência de urbanismo tático que tem como foco a criação de espaços públicos de permanência associados à rede escolar.Conclusão: Embora o programa ainda se encontre em fase de testes e seus alcances e limitações para o campo do projeto urbano ainda não estejam completamente revelados, pode-se destacar diferentes contribuições do caso que fornecem relevo aos distintos aspectos presentes na metodologia do urbanismo tático.

Urban Planning Principles and Methods of Returning Coastal Areas to Citizens

The extremely important issue of today is the return of coastal areas to city dwellers. The peculiarities of urban, landscape and integrated directions of organization of coastal territories are considered with the definition of their advantages and disadvantages. Bright examples of all three principles of coastal development are given. The basic town-planning methods of the organization of coastal territories are defined. The focus is on the urgency of reviving natural ecosystems in cities by revitalizing urban rivers with the return of rivers to their natural qualities - natural bed, flora, fauna, ecotones, which will improve the atmosphere of the urban environment, microclimate, create recreation areas for citizens. The most striking example of successful revitalization project is the revival of the Chongecheong River in Seoul (South Korea). The creation of Pochayna Park in the Obolonskyi district of Kyiv with the revival of the small Pochayna River by Kyiv designers and architects in partnership with Korean colleagues was presented. The creation of public spaces in coastal areas is a condition for improving the quality of life of urban residents. Concern for the human dimension in cities is at the heart of these projects.

The application and research of the shared public space of "Damei Hometown" based on the portrait stone of "Han Dynasty in northern Anhui"

With the great attention of the state, after years of efforts from all walks of life, the art of shared public space has been developed rapidly. Now, China is ushering in a huge and constructive upgrading market, and a good era of traditional creativity-driven development has come. Han portrait stone has a rich and characteristic use in the traditional ancient Chinese architectural materials, In the Han Dynasty, it was especially used as the decoration of the tomb, with knives instead of pen, and created many exquisite images. The tomb art of the portrait stone of the Han Dynasty is composed of narrative, using the concept of myths and legends, astronomical stars and life scenes to form the concept of "elephant life", It became a popular portrait stone image of the Han Dynasty. In this unique form, it builds a warm and ideal simple space for the deceased, so as to achieve the aesthetic survival of "beautiful tombs, beautiful ghosts and gods". With the reasonable application of northern Anhui Han portrait stone image art in all kinds of urban public space decoration, according to the main research direction of the current urban shared public space design, It points out the significance of Huaibei Han portrait stone in the artistic creation of public space.

УПРАВЛІННЯ ПРОЦЕСАМИ СТВОРЕННЯ ПУБЛІЧНИХ ПРОСТОРІВ: ДОСЯГНЕННЯ СТАЛОГО МІСЬКОГО РОЗВИТКУ ШЛЯХОМ ПОДОЛАННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО ВИКЛЮЧЕННЯ

The purpose of the article is to systematize the experience of European cities in creating public spaces capable of overcoming social exclusion and ensuring sustainable urban development. The scientific novelty is to substantiate the conceptual approach to the management of the process of creating public spaces in cities in the context of achieving sustainable urban development by overcoming social exclusion. The results of the research show that the creation of public spaces requires attention to the factors influencing the possibilities of overcoming social exclusion (economic, social, institutional). The analysis of the experience of five European cities (Varna, Bulgaria; Viterbo, Italy; Getxo, Spain; Copenhagen, Denmark; Malmo, Sweden) allowed highlighting the features and current trends in the creation of public space in cities. The main provisions of the approach to the management of public spaces in cities by identifying and systematizing: 1) the functions of public spaces: communication, recreational, political, territorial identification, integrating and aesthetic; 2) features of public spaces: openness and accessibility (convenience and ability to use the space for all regardless of age, race, health, affluence, etc.), safety and comfort (physical and psychological comfort, a sense of security in a comfortable and attractive space to use), interaction (the ability to establish contacts and cooperation in heterogeneous groups of users of the space); 3) forms (transformation of existing built-up areas, development of new territories) and tools (organizational and managerial, technical and technological, financial and economic) for creating public spaces. As a result, the study provided an opportunity to develop a mechanism for creating public spaces in the city. Successful implementation of the experience of European cities in Ukraine requires studying the needs of residents and guests of the city, researching existing analogues, identifying the potential of the city to create a public space of a certain type, taking into account risks, understanding the purpose of public space and determining the reasonable cost of projects.