Creation Of New Workplaces Research Articles

Перспективи розвитку інноваційних біотехнологій

As it is shown in the article the application of biotechnologies is factor of increase of innovation economy. The influence of biotechnologies on the development of world economy is shown. Classification of methods is resulted depending on the sphere of the use of biotechnologies. As a result of analysis of development of biotechnologies in different countries, priority directions for use the innovative methods of production are determined for these countries. It is shown that introduction of biotechnologies in the different spheres of production is the important factor of development of national economies. The features of biotechnological productions are determined. Such productions are attributed to scientific, therefore their development will influence on the increase of efficiency of economy. The use of raw material of natural origin will allow to pass from traditional resources to renewable one. It in same queue will allow to solve ecological problems, related to utilization of waste. The analysis of development of biotechnologies in the Ukrainian economy testifies to substantial lag from world leaders. Pre-conditions which was folded in the country for forming of bioindustry are investigated. Being based on potential possibilities of Ukraine, directions of the use of innovative biotechnologies are offered. The mechanisms of realization of biotechnologies in a production are offered. Directions of action of synergetic effect are determined: receipt of new raw material sources of own origin; production of goods with a high value added which does not have anthropogenic influence on nature; increase of efficiency of APC; creation of new workplaces and development of the depressed regions

How Dynamic is the Private Sector? Job Creation and Insights from Workplace-Level Data

Private sector employment rose by over a million in the past three years. Commentators often interpret this number – which is a net figure – as ‘job creation’. But how many jobs really are created each year, and conversely how many are lost? How has this changed with the downturn and what does it imply for the recovery?This article uses findings from business and workplace-level data to map i) job creation and destruction over recent years, ii) its components in accounting terms, iii) the relative contribution by firms of different size and age, and iv) the reallocation of resource between firms and to workplaces within firms. There are four main points: a)Job churn far outweighs net change. Before the downturn, an average of 4.0 million jobs were created each year and a slightly smaller number lost (3.7m), resulting in a net increase of about 300,000 per year.b)Most job creation (over 70 per cent) is within existing firms; but within that, over a third comes from the creation of new workplaces set up within those firms.c)The net reduction in jobs in 2008–11 was not, in contrast to earlier recessions, due to higher rates of job loss; instead it reflects a sustained period of lower job creation in new workplaces, especially in SMEs (figure 1). This is consistent with ongoing credit constraints hitting SMEs particularly hard, as discussed in Armstrong et al. (2013), or could simply be in line with lack of confidence to invest at this time.d)Looking at the years 2008–11 individually, the downturn begins with reduced levels of entry, followed by a peak of job destruction in 2009 in line with reduced aggregate demand, and then a continuation of low levels of entry of new SMEs, and lower levels of destruction too (figure 2).

SUWALSKA SPECJALNA STREFA EKONOMICZNA JAKO PRZYKŁAD WSPÓŁPRACY SAMORZĄDU TERYTORIALNEGO I PRZEDSIĘBIORCÓW NA RZECZ ROZWOJU REGIONU

In a period of the global economic crisis, Polish entrepreneurs call the authorities for activities conducive to economic growth. There is a necessity for support of private business investments which enables not only increase in competitiveness but also acceleration of regions’ development and the creation of new workplaces. One of the effective incentives is the creation of special economic zones where investors can be granted different tax privileges and reliefs. One of the special, fastest growing economic zones in Poland, is the Suwalki Special Economic Zone. For 16 years it has generated more than 5,700 workplaces in nearly 70 companies. The level of investments reached over 1.7 billion.

The Role of Green Economics in Sustainability

The communal feature of the utilization of renewable energy sources, spread of technological innovations, and support of energy efficiency is that they all contribute to the sustainable development, the prosperous direction energy supply and through these to the creation of new workplaces. Hopefully in the future this will lead to economic growth, better competitiveness of the country, and the outset of rural planning. In the national respect from the renewable resources the exploitation of biomass, geothermal energy, wind, and solar energy can be guaranteed through the energy supply. As such, a suitable and extensive legal framework is needed, to ensure and track safe and clean energy. This study examines the important economic and environmental connection of the green economy.

The state control of migration in Uzbekistan and the some aspects of its further improvement

In this article, we analyzed migration management process in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the possibilities of migration and employment of Uzbek citizens abroad, and reviewed the state measures on creation of new workplaces for reduction of illegal labor migration. Moreover, we analyzed the basic streams of emigration and reasons of its illegal character, role of the state bodies in regulation of migration and identified the main problems in their activity. The concrete directions and actions for further improvement of the state control system of migration in the Republic are also shown by the author

Evaluation of Criteria for the Classification of Enterprises

Successful development and growth of enterprises is of great importance for the economic growth of the country, social stability and creation of new work places. However, the enterprise’s activity is directly or indirectly influenced by internal and external factors. An effective strategy of companies might be one of the most important factors. Loss-making enterprises can improve their results following the strategy of profitable enterprises, however the question is, which enterprises could be attached to the domain of profitable ones and what classification criteria should be applied. The analysis of special literature has shown that it is not enough to analyze separate activities of enterprises, but the whole system of variables should be analyzed. Cluster analysis is a statistical method, which allows classifying the selected objects into the classes according to their similarity within the class and significant difference between the classes. This classification is based on the analysis of all parameters of the system, so it could be effectively used for the grouping of enterprises into the classes. The main purpose of this investigation was to determine the classification criteria for enterprises according to their Net Profit. Profit (loss) and balance sheet data of 50 profitable and 50 loss-making enterprises during the year 2002-2006 were taken for the investigation from the Lithuanian Department of Statistics. After the first term analysis the financial data which were not characteristic for the majority of the analyzed enterprises were excluded from the investigation as well as the data with outliers. 30 parameters corresponding to the different profit (loss) and balance sheet lines were selected for the further analysis. Collinearity diagnostics of data applying three different methods was performed in the second step. Not correlated parameters were included into regression model. Three profit describing regression equations were composed, variables of which were used for the classification of the enterprises. Hierarchical clusterization methods were used for the classification of enterprises into profitable, loss-making and mixed (all others). Performing cluster analysis the selection of the linkage distance and the classification method was performed first of all. The best linkage distance and the best classification method is that one, according to which most of the profitable and loss-making enterprises match their classes. The investigation has shown that the Ward’s method and Euclidian distance were most suitable for the classification. Due to this reason, the enterprises were classified using different variables, which were included into the regression equations. Only independent variables of the regression analysis equation were used in the first case; the independent variables and net profit (dependent variable) were used in the second case and weighted variables of the regression analysis equation were used in the last case. The best result was achieved using independent variables selected by correlation analysis and included into regression analysis equation composed for the evaluation of net profit. In this case 17 profitable and 21 loss-making enterprises matched the classification criteria. Mahalanobis-Taguchi system was used for the evaluation of the differences between profitable and lossmaking enterprises. Present paper discusses the necessity to establish standard set of profitable enterprises and provides a validation of this standard. Performed investigation has shown that the classification of enterprises according to selected variables credibly evaluates performance of the enterprises and makes it possible to classify them into the classes of profitable and loss-making companies.

A cost-benefit analysis of a deposit–refund program for beverage containers in Israel

The paper presents a full cost-benefit analysis of a deposit-refund program for beverage containers in Israel. We examine all cost elements of the program--storage, collection, and treatment costs of empty containers, and all potential benefits--savings in alternative treatment costs (waste collection and landfill disposal), cleaner public spaces, reduction of landfill volumes, energy-savings externalities associated with use of recycled materials, and creation of new workplaces. A wide variety of data resources is employed, and some of the critical issues are examined via several approaches. The main finding of the paper is that the deposit-refund program is clearly economically worthwhile. The paper contributes to the growing body of literature on deposit-refund programs by its complete and detailed analysis of all relevant factors of such a program, and also specifically in its analysis of the savings in alternative waste management costs. This analysis reveals greater savings than are usually assumed, and thus shows the deposit-refund program to be highly efficient.

Possibilities for Business Enterprise Support

Small or medium size enterprise (SME) is one of themost important economics growth factors having the basicimpact on the general development of the country’s economyand social stability, creation of new work places, therefore itsdevelopment is one of the most important country’s economicpolitics’ trends.In the theoretical part of the article there have beenidentified two scientific approaches towards SME‘ support.Some scientists think that the SME’s support isunjustifiable, because government intervenes into thedictated processes of the market and violates them, but theother part claims that the SME’s support politicsimplemented by the government helps to solve businessand economics’ problems. Both sides have their ownarguments, but those are more marginal approaches.Currently, the Lithuanian government supports SME’sstimulation, support and versatile help, but in reality dueto financial resources' lack small or medium sizeenterprise is maintained according to resources.When Lithuania became the EU member, thereemerged more possibilities for small or medium sizeenterprises, opening new vistas for business people. Anumber of the provided projects shows that the requiredsupport sums are exceeding funds possibilities. Thereforeit is important to base the need for the support of aparticular company.In the article there have been analyzed the EuropeanAgriculture and Guarantees’ Fund (EAGF) requirements,which the enterprise must correspond in order to get theEAGF support. One of the main requirements is thateconomic vitality rates (general liquidity rate, the netprofitability, loan repayment rate, loan rate, the internalrepayment rate, the average asset profitability)corresponded to the set critical values.In the investigative part of the article there have beencarried out the activity development analysis of the JSC“Kaimas” in order to get the support of the EAGF. Whilevalidating the support’s need there has been oriented toeconomic vitality rates and their impact on the company.There has been carried out the analysis of the plannedeconomic activity, risk factor and financial commitments.The need for additional financial support has been alsoanalyzed. There has been estimated that investments couldbe financed from private, loan’s and the EU support funds.There have been grounded the company’s manufacturingequipment modernization possibilities while purchasingthe needed long-term assets. There has been estimated thatpart of the company’s production is to be exported. It isforecasted that manufacturing outlays (materials, energy)would increase 10 per cent annually. The company loanservicing, economic vitality and investment effectiveness,and manufacturing self-cost statistical tables have beenprepared.The analyzed main economic enterprise rates allow toclaim that the project is viable and financially useful andpaying off. The received economic vitality rate values arebetter than the critical values; therefore, JSC “KAIMAS”is a suitable applicant for the EAGF support. The carriedout calculations show that the forecasted activityprograms’ implementation will guarantee that the activitywould be profitable and will allow to implement theallocated investments for economy modernization.

Man's role in man-machine systems

Work is not only a concept of physics, for much longer and more importantly it has been an existential humane category. Throughout history man has used his brain to make work easier and more effective, to make life better and more satisfying. He has been developing and applying new tools as well as new ways of human cooperation and social organization complementary to these new tools. Man's role in man-machine systems must be seen in this context. The paper analyses the changes the man-machine relationship has undergone; it shows the negative consequences of ‘Taylorism’, the adverse effects to both man and machine caused by specialization of work and segmentation of life. The advent of automation, information technology, micro-electronics offers the chance to reverse this development, to open up new options and real human choice. Technological needs and human aspirations meet in the search for new patterns of work organization and for new relationships between man and machine, offering man the role as knowledgeable, educated and motivated master of the machine. This is illustrated by several practical examples, proving that technology is not deterministic. There are always feasible alternatives available which will result in considerable improvements and even in the creation of new work places if decisions are taken not for but with the people concerned. The application of participative methods in designing man-machine systems, the development of alternatives which consider the needs of man and society has become the main challenge to scientists and engineers of our time. Meeting this challenge will not only reconcile and reunite designers and users, it will in the long run spell the return from the belief in machines to the belief in the humanities, the return of the power of decision-making from a few privileged to a computer-assisted democratic system.