Creation Of New Units Research Articles

Territorial re-organisation of administrative units in Pakistan: the demand for new provinces in Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Sindh

ABSTRACT The 18th Amendment ushered a public discourse on a novel ethnofederal experiment with both federal and ethnic elites advocating territorial reorganisation of existing provinces, however, this has not resulted in the creation of new units. I argue that this has to do with three inter-related dynamics: first, selective and instrumental political incentives guide the behaviour of federal political elites, combined with the securitisation of the ethnic question. Second, non-dominant ethnic elites are electorally weak and divided among themselves. Third, the rigidity of the constitutional procedure makes non-dominant ethnic elites acutely dependent on the preferences of the provincial majority ethnic group. The paper outlines discourses of the dominant and non-dominant ethnic elites as well as the National Assembly's Report of the Commission for Creation of New Province (s) in the Province of the Punjab, 2013 in order to make sense of the gap between the talk on ethnofederalism and its non-realisation.

Effects of Cryptocurrency Vulnerabilities on the International Trading Arena

Cryptocurrency is a digital asset designed to work as a medium of exchange. It uses cryptography to secure and verify transactions as well as control the creation of new units of a particular cryptocurrency. Cryptocurrency has become increasingly popular in recent years, with many people investing in it as an alternative to traditional forms of currency. Despite being a secured form of digital currency, it is not perfect and can be subject to illegal activities by cyber criminals.
 This research adapted a descriptive design under quantitative using survey as its method. The data from the survey were analyzed to generate an in-depth understanding on the impact of cryptocurrency’s vulnerabilities on international trading.
 The researchers collected data to analyze the effects of cryptocurrency on international trading and its vulnerabilities’ impact on the use of the digital currency. This research paper will benefit users of cryptocurrency, the government agencies and policy makers in creating a safer interface for digital currency platforms and lastly, for researchers who will use this paper as basis for further study on the topic of cryptocurrency and international trade.

Pragmatics of coloronyms in art spaces (based on the French and English languages)

This article considers formation and evolution vectors of lexical units belonging to the semantic field “Color” in English and French. The purpose of this study is to describe the functional status and pragmasemantic parameters of the color vocabulary in the French and Russian-speaking art space. The relevance of the presented work is due to the intensive transformation of the extralinguistic space today. We gain deeper knowledge of it and more complicated structure of this knowledge, which leads to the evolution of the language systems themselves whose vocabulary shows the most sensitive reactions and, consequently, the highest dynamics. The work is based on English and French dictionaries, as well as on the texts of special literature, articles, reviews and comments from users of specialized art sites and forums. The article clarifies the concept of a coloronym and provides the basic principles of color space standardization and related nominations. We establish the most significant functional trends that determine the emergence of new coloronyms. The article describes in detail the mechanisms of nomination in the diachronic aspect. Based on a detailed structural and historical analysis of lexical units, we draw conclusions about the productivity of certain types of human activities, which serve as a source of a significant number of coloronyms: traditionally it is the sphere of fashion, art, as well as craft, industry, medicine and travel. The study also reveals the growing role of extralinguistic factors in the current processes of color naming, highlighting the policy of world-famous organizations as a specific factor in the creation of new units.

Analysis of sustainability indicators for the conservation unit

Conservation Units (UC) have undergone a significant transformation process in recent years, both in relation to the creation of new units and in the management of these protected areas. In this study, articles published in scientific journals classified in different areas were investigated, aiming to contribute to the understanding of the state of the art on the methodologies used for Sustainability Indicators in protected areas. Methodologically, the research was qualitative and quantitative and was guided by content analysis of the articles studied and analyzed on sustainability indicators in UC through the production of the last 20 years, in the database of the Portal de Periódicos of the Coordination for the Improvement of Personnel of Higher Level (CAPES). Data analyzes were carried out using content analysis and the aid of the IRAMUTEQ software. The searches resulted in a low number of articles related to the theme for the area of environmental management, with little participatory approach, concentrated on reduced dimensions of sustainability linked to the practice of tourism and with different methodologies adopted.

394. Pseudo-outbreak of Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus Species from Blood Cultures Highlights Unique Challenges in Care of Critically Ill Patients With COVID-19

BackgroundIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, a dedicated intensive care unit for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 was created at our institution. We noticed a marked increase in the number of blood cultures positive for coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species (CoNS) that highlights unique challenges that arise with the creation of new units and workflows.MethodsWe reviewed all blood culture results from the COVID-19 intensive care unit (CoVICU) from April 15 to May 29. We reviewed all blood cultures taken from the oncology ward, medical intensive care unit (MICU), and emergency department (ED) for the same time frame as a comparison. We calculated contamination rates, using the clinical microbiology laboratory criteria for possible contaminants based on species and number of positive blood cultures.ResultsThere were 324 total blood cultures collected from the CoVICU with 27/324 (8.3%) positive for organisms deemed contaminant, 10/324 (3.1%) were positive considered bloodstream infections (BSI); the ratio of BSI:contaminant was 1:2.7. For the MICU, ED, and oncology units contamination rates were 2/197 (1%), 33/747 (4.4%), and 2/334 (0.6%), respectively; and the ratio of BSI:contaminant was 5:1, 2.2:1, and 17.5:1, respectively. There was a significant relationship between contamination rates and unit, X2(3, N = 1602) = 30.85, p < 0.001.ConclusionUpon investigation, peripheral blood draw kits were not stocked in the CoVICU. Additionally, certain components of standard work for blood culture collection (e.g. glove exchange) could not be performed per usual practice due to isolation precautions. Peripheral blood draws were routinely performed by nurses in CoVICU and MICU while phlebotomy performed these in other comparison units. We suspect that lack of availability of blood draw kits and disruption of typical workflow in isolation rooms contributed to an unusually high number of contaminated blood cultures among patients admitted to the CoVICU. Notably, the CoVICU and MICU providers were the same pool of caregivers, further supporting a process issue related to isolation precautions. Institutions should be aware of the need for extra attention to supply chain management and examination of disruption to standard work that arise in the management of COVID-19 patients.Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Natural-geographic factor in the historical process of the Adyghs

The desire to have a better grip of the history and to interpret the causes and nature of certain social phenomena is characteristic of humanity at all stages of development. Expansion of cognitive capabilities of historical research, the creation of new units in the mental lexicon allow us to increase the range of vision of history, to give the understanding of the past a holistic, more capacious understanding. Translation of history in the context of many sciences creates resources for the emergence of generally accepted attitudes into a different semantic dimension, filling them with more weighty argumentation. In the modern scientific space historical geography appears to be a promising territory, given a certain conditionality of the development of society at all stages of the existence influenced by the natural-geographical factor. In the early stages of human development the existence of people depended on the characteristics of nature to a much greater extent than today. Nevertheless, modern civilization, despite the scientific progress, has not managed to distance itself from the influence of nature and is still interconnected with it by many threads. This general situation is fully true for the Circassians, the borders of the territory, which were deliberately created by nature itself for the conservation of the population within its natural limits. In this regard, the subject of the research is the problem of the influence of the natural-geographical factor on the historical process of the Circassians. The object of the research is the peculiarities of the geography of the region, reflecting the degree of the role of the natural environment in the formation of the Adygh ethnos. The aim of the research is to analyze the nature of the interaction and conditionality of the Adygeyan history by the natural environment, rightfully recognized as one of the most ancient and unique cradles of the landscape map of our country. To achieve this goal tasks were set related to the analysis of the content, orientation and mediation of the progressive development of the Circassians by the peculiarities of the natural environment. In this research the understanding of the sought problem is based on the ideas of major philosophers, historians, sociologists, and cultural scientists. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism and objectivity, which allows us to see new facets in understanding many phenomena of the Adyghe history, to give them a value characteristic.

CETAF Collection Dashboard: Mapping natural history collections diversity

Several initiatives aim to map the diversity of Natural History (NH) collections and standardise their descriptions. The Global Registry of Biodiversity Repositories (GRBio) is the most recent global registry. Unfortunately the server has been down since mid-2018 but the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) recently "rescued" this data. In addition to this, the One World Collection exercise is a set of high-level collection descriptors (size, group coverage and geographic distribution) supporting a common strategy between the largest world institutions. Despite these efforts, a large part of the NH collections remains digitally unavailable and digitisation at the specimen level will take several decades. A new NH collections dashboard is needed in order to harmonise the efforts of the institutions. The Consortium of European Taxonomic Facilities (CETAF) is a good place to introduce this excercise. CETAF’s members hold over half of the world’s NH collections, representing 80% of the world's bio- and geo-diversity. Most of these collections are now engaged in the preparation for the common process of the Distributed System of Scientific Collections (DiSSCo, European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructure). Additionally in Belgium, the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Royal Museum of Central Africa (RMCA), Meise Botanic Garden (MBG) and CETAF have joined efforts to set up a common research portal (Natural Heritage, BRAIN-be project). The goal is to link together several collection management systems (CMS) and to (re)create links between isolated collection items. The CETAF collections dashboard splits the information into small metadata units related to topics relevant to the collections (taxonomy, geographic distribution, digitisation strategy and coverage, stratigraphy, etc.). The model allows for the creation of new units without a complete modification of the database structure. All units are defined by the Dublin Core and by fields derived from the Innovation and consolidation for large scale digitisation of natural heritage (ICEDIG) d2.3 deliverable (van Egmond et al. 2019). The object hierarchy allows for the creation of sub-collections and preserves the unity of the information. The CMS has an internal object database with a full index and a faceted search interface. It also has web services and XLS (Microsoft® Excel®) import/export functionalities. The collection dashboard also includes a complete workflow and access rights management at the object level. This is important for the information that is protected by the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The dashboard is now being evaluated with the collections hosted by the partners of Natural Heritage. The system will be proposed to CETAF members and connections will be established with the international portals such as the GBIF or the future DiSSCo portal.

Virtual Currencies: Understanding the Ban

Cryptocurrency (or Virtual Currency “VC”) is a global fintech phenomenon that has divided opinion among central banks and governments worldwide. At one end of the spectrum, the People’s Bank of China has completely banned VCs while on the other, Japan has passed a statute to recognize them as a legal mode of payment. Cryptocurrencies are digital currencies which are secured using cryptographic techniques. There is no trusted third party to maintain a record of transactions. Transactions are typically recorded on a distributed decentralized ledger called the Blockchain and replicated across a group of geographically spread systems that volunteer their resources to maintain the ledger. The process of grouping together transactions into a block and adding it to the blockchain is called mining. The addition of each new block results in the creation of new units of the VC which are awarded to the node responsible for adding that block. The decentralized architecture of VCs and blockchains clearly highlights the unique regulatory and legislative challenges before central banks today.

Bitcoin Mining

Cryptocurrency, a form of digital currency that has an open and decentralized system and uses cryptography to enhance security and control the creation of new units, is touted to be the next step from conventional monetary transactions. Many Cryptocurrencies exist today, with Bitcoin being the most prominent of them. Cryptocurrencies are generated by mining, as a fee for validating any transaction. The rate of generating hashes, which validate any transaction, has been increased by the use of specialized machine such as ASICs, running complex hashing algorithms like SHA-256, thereby leading to faster generation of Cryptocurrencies. With more people venturing into the world of virtual currency, generating hashes for this validation has become far more complex over the years, with miners having to invest huge sums of money on employing and maintaining multiple high performance ASICs. This paper throws light on the nuances of Cryptocurrency mining process, the issues of traditional mining machines and the implication of incorporating cloud technology to current mining infrastructure.

Cryptocurrency Mining – Transition to Cloud

Cryptocurrency, a form of digital currency that has an open and decentralized system and uses cryptography to enhance security and control the creation of new units, is touted to be the next step from conventional monetary transactions. Many cryptocurrencies exist today, with Bitcoin being the most prominent of them. Cryptocurrencies are generated by mining, as a fee for validating any transaction. The rate of generating hashes, which validate any transaction, has been increased by the use of specialized machines such as FPGAs and ASICs, running complex hashing algorithms like SHA-256 and Scrypt, thereby leading to faster generation of cryptocurrencies. This arms race for cheaper-yet-efficient machines has been on since the day the first cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, was introduced in 2009. However, with more people venturing into the world of virtual currency, generating hashes for this validation has become far more complex over the years, with miners having to invest huge sums of money on employing multiple high performance ASICs. Thus the value of the currency obtained for finding a hash did not justify the amount of money spent on setting up the machines, the cooling facilities to overcome the enormous amount of heat they produce and electricity required to run them. The next logical step in this is to utilize the power of cloud computing. Miners leasing super computers that generate hashes at astonishing rates that have a high probability of profits, with the same machine being leased to more than one person on a time bound basis is a win-win situation to both the miners, as well as the cloud service providers. This paper throws light on the nuances of cryptocurrency mining process, the traditional machines used for mining, their limitations, about how cloud based mining is the logical next step and the advantage that cloud platform offers over the traditional machines.

La preposición de como inicio de locución: sus patrones y su frecuencia de uso

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar a estruturamorfosintática das locuções adverbiais, mais concretamentedaquelas iniciadas com a preposição de. Para tanto, a totalidadedas citadas formações pluriverbais foi extraída de dois dicionários: um relacionado à língua espanhola geral, o DRAE,e outro de caráter fraseológico, o Diccionario de Locuciones yExpresiones Familiares. Depois de obtidas todas as estruturas,foram estabelecidos padrões funcionais, o que nos permitiuobservar quais são as estruturas produtivas, e, portanto, servemde base para novas criações, e quais representam padrões poucoeficazes para sua reprodução no processo de criação de novasunidades.

Organizational Design, Organizational Learning, and the Market Value of the Firm

We compare market returns associated with firms' creation of new units focused on e-business. Two aspects of organization design - governance and leadership - are considered with regard to exploitation - and exploration-oriented organization learning. We find that exploitation in governance (high centralization) is associated with a lower mean and variance in returns; that exploitation in leadership (appointment of outsiders) is associated with the same mean yet higher variance; and, among units exhibiting both modes of learning, the variance of returns are not equal.

Logistic-based patient grouping for multi-disciplinary treatment

Present-day healthcare witnesses a growing demand for coordination of patient care. Coordination is needed especially in those cases in which hospitals have structured healthcare into specialty-oriented units, while a substantial portion of patient care is not limited to single units. From a logistic point of view, this multi-disciplinary patient care creates a tension between controlling the hospital’s units, and the need for a control of the patient flow between units. A possible solution is the creation of new units in which different specialties work together for specific groups of patients. A first step in this solution is to identify the salient patient groups in need of multi-disciplinary care. Grouping techniques seem to offer a solution. However, most grouping approaches in medicine are driven by a search for pathophysiological homogeneity. In this paper, we present an alternative logistic-driven grouping approach. The starting point of our approach is a database with medical cases for 3603 patients with peripheral arterial vascular (PAV) diseases. For these medical cases, six basic logistic variables (such as the number of visits to different specialist) are selected. Using these logistic variables, clustering techniques are used to group the medical cases in logistically homogeneous groups. In our approach, the quality of the resulting grouping is not measured by statistical significance, but by (i) the usefulness of the grouping for the creation of new multi-disciplinary units; (ii) how well patients can be selected for treatment in the new units. Given a priori knowledge of a patient (e.g. age, diagnosis), machine learning techniques are employed to induce rules that can be used for the selection of the patients eligible for treatment in the new units. In the paper, we describe the results of the above-proposed methodology for patients with PAV diseases. Two groupings and the accompanied classification rule sets are presented. One grouping is based on all the logistic variables, and another grouping is based on two latent factors found by applying factor analysis. On the basis of the experimental results, we can conclude that it is possible to search for medical logistic homogenous groups (i) that can be characterized by rules based on the aggregated logistic variables; (ii) for which we can formulate rules to predict to which cluster new patients belong.

Análise comparativa da florística e fitossociologia da vegetação arbórea do cerrado sensu stricto na Chapada Pratinha, DF - Brasil

Foram selecionadas seis áreas de estudo, Estação Ecológica de Aguas Emendadas-DF, Parque Nacional de Brasília-DF, APA Gama-Cabeça do Veado-DF, Silvânia-GO, Paracatu-MG e Patrocínio-MG na Chapada Pratinha (15-20º S e 46-49º W), três delas em unidades de conservação e três fora delas. Em cada área foram amostradas 10 parcelas de 1000 m² (20x50m). Todas as árvores a partir de 5 cm de diâmetro na base do tronco foram medidas e identificadas. A florística e a fitossociologia de cada área foi analisada e estas foram comparadas entre si pelos índices de similaridade de Sørense e de Morisita. No total foram encontradas 139 espécies e 42 famílias sendo que apenas 22 espécies foram comuns a todas as áreas. Leguminosae e Vochysiaceae apresentaram valores de importância elevados em todas as áreas. As densidades por ha variaram de 664 a 1396. Os índices de diversidade de Shannon variaram de 3,11 a 3.56. As similaridades foram altas pelo índices de Sorensen, de 0,5 a 0,7, porém baixas pelo de Morisita quando se comparou as áreas de Paracatu e Patrocínio com as demais áreas. Foi concluído que as diferenças florísticas e principalmente estruturais foram elevadas entre estas duas áreas que são mais distantes e se situam a menores altitudes do que aquelas situadas nas unidades de conservação existentes na chapada sendo sugerida a criação de novas unidades nestes Municípios.

The Brazilian Military: Changing Strategic Perceptions And the Question of Mission

During the 1960s, as a result of the perceived Communist threat, the mission of the Brazilian armed forces was thought to be internally oriented, that is, the high command assigned priority to internal security. After the early 1970s, with the elimination of an armed leftist challenge-and in the face of ominous international developments-the strategic perceptions of military leaders modified. The adoption of aggressive, seemingly militaristic policies by Argentina, combined with Soviet-Cuban expansionism and the current technological revolution in warfare, markedly heightened threat perception in Brazilian strategic circles and led to a reorientation of mission toward external defense. The renewed emphasis on professionalism has been reflected in the development of defense-related technology, weapons modernization, an increase in troop levels and efforts to improve the quality of military personnel, and the creation of new units and regional commands; it perhaps likewise influenced the military's decision to relinquish direct political control in 1985.